Ülkemizde Domateslerde Görülen Yeni Bir Viral Etmen: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)

Öz

Ülkemiz dünyada en büyük domates üreticisi ülkelerden birisi konumundadır. Domateslerde enfeksiyon oluşturan çok sayıda viral etmen bulunmakta olup, yeni viral hastalık etmenleri de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda dünya çapında domates üretiminde en önemli viral etmen olarak ortaya çıkan ve hızla yayılış gösteren virüslerin başında Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) gelmektedir. Domates bitkilerinde şiddetli sarılık şeklinde simptomlara neden olan PepMV, son yıllarda ülkemizde Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde domates üretim seralarında da tespit edilmiştir. PepMV, ilk olarak 1974 yılında Peru’da pepino bitkisinde saptanmıştır. Konukçuları genellikle Solanaceae familyasına ait bitkilerle sınırlı olan virüs, domates bitkisinde ilk olarak 1999 yılında Hollanda’da saptanırken, daha sonraki yıllarda diğer birçok Avrupa ülkesinde salgınlar oluşturduğu rapor edilmiştir. Virüs mekanik olarak etkili şekilde taşınabilmekte olup, ayrıca tohum, Olpidium virulentus, Macrolophus caliginosus ve hidroponik sistemlerde de taşınabilmektedir. PepMV özellikle serada yetiştirilen domateslerde %40’lara varan oranlarda önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda dünya çapında verim ve kalite kayıplarından dolayı, PepMV en önemli domates patojenleri arasında yer almaktadır.  Bu makalede, PepMV’nin morfolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri, konukçuları, belirtileri, coğrafi dağılımı, taşınma yolları ve mücadelesi konusunda bilgiler verilmiştir.

Emerging Virus Affecting Tomato Crops in Turkey: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)

Abstract

Turkey is one of the biggest tomato producers around the world. Many viruses have been reported to infect tomato plants, while new viral diseases keep emerging. Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a rapidly emerging virus which has established itself as one of the most important viral diseases in tomato production worldwide over recent years. Recently, PepMV infections causing severe yellowing symptoms in tomato plants have also been reported in glasshouse tomato crops in West Mediterranean Region of Turkey. PepMV was initially described as causal agent of a viral disease of pepino in Peru (1974). Its host range is mainly limited to plant species within the family Solanaceae. In 1999, the virus was detected in tomato in the Netherlands. Subsequently, outbreaks of the disease were reported in many other European countries. PepMV is transmitted efficiently through contact. It can also be transmitted by conventional means, such as the hydroponic systems, seed, Olpidium virulentus, and the bug Macrolophus caliginosus. PepMV causes severe yield loss (up to 40%) and economic damage in glasshouse-grown tomatoes. Because of the effects on quality and yield, PepMV is rapidly becoming one of the most important tomato pathogens worldwide over the recent years. In this paper, we review the current status of PepMV epidemics and the morphology and biology, host range, symptoms, geographical distribution, means of movement, control of PepMV.

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