Screening Fungicide Resistance of Alternaria Pathogens Causing Alternaria Blight of Pistachio in Turkey

Yıl 2017, , 543 - 549, 26.12.2017

Hilal Ozkılınc , Sener Kurt

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.339081

Cited By: 1

Öz

Alternaria blight is one of the important diseases of pistachio and wild
relatives, and its management in pistachio orchards mainly relies on fungicide
applications. But, it is observed the disease cannot be declined or controlled
by fungicide treatment that might be due to development of fungicide resistance
in Alternaria pathogens. On the other
hand, wild Pistacia species and some
pistachio trees which cultural practices are not applied are not exposed to
fungicide treatments in nature. Isolates from orchards and wild systems may
show difference in their sensitivities to fungicides. In this study, twenty-two
isolates of Alternaria species from
different hosts of Pistacia species
were investigated in vitro for their
sensitivity to different fungicides having different mode of action. Fungicide
sensitivity were evaluated based on mycelial growth and spore germination of
the isolates by using effective concentrations. The least effective fungicide
was azoxystrobin and the most effective one was boscalid + pyraclostrobin among
the fungicides tested in this study. Partial gene sequencing of succinate
dehydrogenase genes presented boscalid sensitivity of the isolates according to
the specific mutations related with boscalid resistance. This study is the
first initiation to observe sensitivity of Alternaria
pathogens from pistachio and wild relatives against to the most commonly used
commercial fungicides in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, Pistachio, Fungicide

Türkiye’de Antepfıstığı’nda Alternaria Yanıklık Etmeni Alternaria Patojenlerinin Fungisit Direncinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Alternaria yanıklığı, Antepfıstığı ve yabani akrabalarını etkileyen
önemli hastalıklardan biridir ve Antepfıstığı bahçelerinde hastalık kontrolü
fungisit uygulamalarına dayalı olarak yürütülmektedir. Fakat, fungisit
kullanımı ile hastalığın azalmadığı veya kontrol edilemediği görülmüştür ki bu
durum Alternaria patojenlerinde
fungisit direnci gelişmiş olmasından dolayı olabilir. Diger taraftan, yabani Pistacia türleri ve kültürel pratiklerin
uygulanmadığı bazı Antepfıstığı ağaçları doğada fungisit uygulamalarına maruz
kalmamaktadır. Kültür bahcelerindeki ve yabani ekosistemdeki izolatlar,
fungisitlere karşı duyarlılıkta farklılık gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada, Pistacia türlerinin farklı
konukçularından örneklenmiş yirmi iki izolatın, farklı etki mekanizmasına sahip
fungisitlere karşı in vitro duyarlılıkları
araştırılmıştır. Fungisit duyarlılıkları izolatların miselyal gelişim ve spor
çimlenmesi üzerinden etkili konsantrasyon verileri ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Test edilen fungisitler arasında izolatlar üzerinde etkisi en düşük olan
fungisit azoxystrobin, en etkili olan ise boscalid+pyraclostrobin olarak
bulunmuştur. Boscalid direnci ile ilişkilendirilen polimorfizmlere göre
suksinat dehidrogenaz genlerinin kısmi baz dizilim verileri izolatların duyarlı
olduğunu göstermistir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de, Antepfıstığı ve yabani
akrabalarından örneklenmis Alternaria
izolatlarının yaygın ticari kullanımı olan fungisitlere karşı duyarlılıklarını
belirlemek üzere yapılan ilk başlangıç çalısmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, Antepfıstığı, Fungisit

Kaynakça

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