Türkiye'den Elde Edilen Farklı Mantar Türlerinde Radyoaktivite Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Öz: Radyoaktivite; doğal, karasal, dünya dışı faktörler veya insan aktivitesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Toprakta yetişen radyoaktif elementler içeren gıda maddeleri, gıdalarda birikebilmekte veya emilebilmektedir. Yabani olarak yetişen mantarlar pek çok türde toksikolojik, besleyici ve radyoaktif element biriktirebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, mantarlar radyasyonların neden olduğu çevre kirliliğini belirlemek için iyi biyo-göstergeler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Gıda maddelerindeki radyoaktivite seviyelerinin bilinmesi insan sağlığının korunması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türk halkı tarafından yaygın olarak tüketilen mantarlarda doğal olarak oluşan 238U, 232Th ve 40K nüklidleri ile yapay olarak oluşan 137Cs nüklidinin aktivite konsantrasyonları, yıllık etkili dozlar ve yaşam boyu kanser riski değerleri belirlenmiştir. Türkiye'nin farklı yerlerinden 15 çeşit mantar örneği toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar 238U, 232Th, 40K ve 137Cs aktivite konsantrasyonlarının sırasıyla 9.2±1.6 - 75.4±8.8 Bq kg-1, 10.9±1.6 - 76.3±8.9 Bq kg-1, 925.9±29.0 - 3848.0±73.2 Bq kg-1 ve 6.1±1.1 - 2824.8±79.8 Bq kg-1 arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. Ortalama toplam yıllık etkili doz 11.5 μSv y-1 olarak bulunmuştur. 40K radyonüklidi, toplam yıllık etkili doza (5.35 μSv y-1) en yüksek katkıda bulunan radyonüklid olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu değerlere göre, mantarların ortalama yaşam boyu kanser riski (ELCR) değeri %4.6 x10-5 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mantar
• Radyonüklid
• Radyoaktivite
• Yıllık etkili doz

Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Different Mushroom Species from Turkey

Abstract

Radioactivity in the environment occur due to natural, terrestrial, extra-terrestrial factors or caused by the human activity. Food stuffs that grown in the soil which containing radioactive elements may get deposited or absorbed in the foods. Wild growing mushrooms can accumulate many types of toxicological, nutritional and radioactive elements. So, mushrooms are considered as good bio-indicators to determine the environmental pollution caused by radiations. Knowing the levels of radioactivity in the food stuffs is of great importance for the protection of human health. In this study, the active concentrations of the naturally occurring 238U, 232Th, 40K nuclides and artificially occurring 137Cs nuclide were determined and annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk values were calculated in mushrooms commonly consumed by the Turkish people. 15 types of mushroom samples were collected from different locations of Turkey. The results show that the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs varied from 9.2±1.6 to 75.4±8.8 Bq kg-1, 10.9±1.6 to 76.3±8.9 Bq kg-1, 925.9±29.0 to 3848.0±73.2 Bq kg-1 and 6.1±1.1 to 2824.8±79.8 Bq kg-1, respectively. The mean total annual effective dose was found to be 11.5 μSv y-1. 40K radionuclide was the highest contributor to the total annual effective dose (5.35 μSv y-1). According to these values obtained, the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of mushrooms was determined as 4.6 x10-5 %.

Keywords

• Mushroom
• Radionuclide
• Radioactivity
• Annual effective dose
• Lifetime cancer risk

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