Nitelikli Yazlık Kabak (Cucurbita pepo L.) Genotiplerinde Işınlanmış Polen Tekniği ile Dihaploidizasyon

Öz

Yazlık kabak (Cucurbita pepo L.) sahip olduğu besleyici değer ile ülkemizde insanlar tarafından tercih edilen önemli bir sebze türüdür. F1 hibrid yazlık kabak çeşitleri hem açık tarla hem de örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılmakta, bu çeşitlerin büyük çoğunluğu yurt dışı kaynaklıdır ve yurt dışı bağımlılığımız devam etmektedir. Çalışmada, yüksek verimli ve kaliteli, hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklı yeni F1 hibrit yazlık kabak çeşitlerini üretmek, yurt dışı bağımlılığımızı azaltmak amacıyla, çeşit ıslahı çalışmalarında önemli bir yere sahip olan dihaploidizasyon metodunun etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, 14 yazlık kabak genotipi bitkisel materyal olarak kullanılmış, dihaploidizasyon çalışmaları ışınlanmış polen tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 165 çiçek tozlanmış, 64 meyve, 7034 tohum, 521 embriyo ve 144 bitki elde edilmiştir. 111 bitki başarılı bir şekilde dış koşullara alıştırılmış ve kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilmiştir. Ploidi analizleri sonucunda, 28 bitki haploid (n = 20), 77 bitki diploid (2n = 40) ve 6 bitki miksoploid (haploid ve diploid hücreli) yapıda olmuştur. Haploid bitkiler %1’lik kolhisin uygulamasıyla katlanmış, sera koşullarında yetiştirilmiş, kendilenmiş ve tohumları alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cucurbitaceae,
• Haploid,
• Bitki Doku Kültürü

Dihaploidization in Promising Summer Squash Genotypes (Cucurbita pepo L.) via Irradiated Pollen Technique

Abstract

Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is one of the important vegetable species preferred by the people of Turkey in terms of their nutritional value. F1 hybrid summer squash varieties are widely used both in the open field and protected cultivation. The majority of these varieties come from abroad, and our dependence on abroad continues. In this study, the effectiveness of the dihaploidization method, which has an important place in variety breeding studies, was investigated to reduce our import dependency and to produce new F1 hybrid varieties that are high yielded, quality, resistant to diseases and pests. In this context, 14 summer squash genotypes were used as plant material. Dihaploidization studies were carried out using the irradiated pollen technique. In total, 165 flowers were pollinated and 64 fruits, 7034 seeds, 521 embryos, and 144 plants were obtained. 111 pants were successfully acclimatized and cultivated in controlled conditions. As a result of ploidy analysis, 28 plants were haploid (2n=x=20), 77 were diploid (2n=2x=40) and 6 were mixoploid (containing diploid and haploid cells). Haploid plants were doubled with 1% olchicines treatment, grown in the greenhouse, selfed, and seeds were obtained.

Keywords

• Cucurbitaceae
• Haploid,
• Plant tissue culture
• Pure lines

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