The Importance of Maternal and/or In ovo Antioxidant Feeding for Gene Expression and Performance in Poultry

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 276 - 284, 30.06.2017

Mehmet Reşit Karageçili Filiz Karadaş

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.272732

Öz

At the present time, the nutrient requirements were
increased with increasing of embryo metabolic rate according as the intensive
selection applied to commercial poultry. Failure to meet this changing nutrient
requirement causes adverse effects on parameters such as embriyonic
development, hatching power, hatching quality and post-hatching performance.
Poultry eggs contain large amounts of maternally-derived antioxidants that
protect the embryo from oxidative damage caused by intense embryonic
metabolism. There are few experimentally (in
ovo and maternally feeding) studies have tested the effects of experimental
change in yolk concentration of a major antioxidant on other antioxidant
content of egg yolk, embryo and post hatch chick survive, whether, oxidative
stress were affected from manipulation of antioxidants or not, to compare
effects of this on postnatal chick development. At the same time, it has been
reported that to increase breeder’s productivity and postnatal survival rate,
breeders can transfer antioxidants from feed to egg as a part of complex
epigenetic mechanism. Maternal and in ovo
antioxidant feeding increase antioxidant level in the embryo tissues to be used
by embryo in the critical period therefore it positively effects embryo
viability, increases hatching weight and improves post-hatching feed
consumption and yield. This positive effect was related to increase of the
number of expressing genes with epigenetic effects, due to previous studies
were determined that this effect was continuing for a few generations. In this review, articles on gene expression
relationship with increased antioxidant concentration of embryo via maternal
feeding or in ovo feeding have been
reviwed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maternal nutrition, Antioxidants, Gene expression, in ovo injection

Anaçların (Maternal) ve/veya Yumurta İçi (İn ovo) Antioksidan Beslemenin Kanatlılarda Gen Ekspresyonu ve Performans için Önemi

Öz

Günümüzde ticari kanatlı hayvanlara uygulanan yoğun
seleksiyona bağlı olarak embriyoların metabolik hızının artmasıyla birlikte
besin madde gereksinimleri de artmıştır. Bu değişen besin madde ihtiyacının
karşılanmaması embriyonik gelişim, çıkış gücü, çıkış kalitesi ve çıkış sonrası
performans gibi parametreler üzerinde olumsuz etkiye neden olmaktadır. Yumurta,
embriyonal gelişim sırasında yoğun embriyonik metabolizmanın sebep olduğu
oksidatif hasardan embriyoyu korumak amacıyla, maternal kökenli antioksidanları
bol miktarda içermektedir. Damızlıkların (maternal) antioksidan ilaveli
yemlerle beslenmesi veya damızlıklardan elde edilen yumurtaların kuluçka
esnasında yumurta içi (in ovo)
antioksidan beslenmesi ile deneysel olarak yumurtanın temel antioksidan
içeriğinin değiştirilmesinin, embriyo ve civcivlerin antioksidan bileşenleri
üzerine etkisinin olduğu, oksidatif stresin zararlı etkisinin azaldığı ve
sonuçta çıkış sonrası civciv gelişiminin olumlu yönde etkilendiği yapılan çalışmalarla
bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca maternal verimi artırmak ve çıkış sonrası civcivlerin
yaşama gücünü iyileştirmek amacıyla anaçlar karmaşık epigenetik maternal
etkinin bir parçası olarak antioksidanları yemden yumurtaya transfer ettikleri
ileri sürülmektedir. Maternal ve in ovo
antioksidan besleme ile embriyonun kritik dönemde ihtiyaç duyduğu antioksidan
miktarının artırılması, embriyo dokularındaki antioksidan miktarını
yükseltmekte, dolayısıyla embriyonun yaşama gücünü olumlu yönde etkilemekte,
civciv çıkış ağırlığında artış gözlenmekte, çıkış sonrası yem kullanımını ve
verimi iyileştirmekte olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bu olumlu etkinin, embriyonun
epigenetik etki ile eksprese olan gen sayısındaki artış ile ilişkili olduğu, bu
nedenle de bu etkinin birden fazla kuşağı etkileyebileceğini ileri süren
çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede, kanatlı damızlık yemi ya da döllü
yumurtalara in ovo besleme yolu ile
antioksidan konsantrasyonu artırılmış embriyoların gen ekspresyon ilişkilerini
inceleyen çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maternal besleme, Antioksidanlar, Gen ekspresyonu, in ovo enjeksiyon, Maternal besleme

Kaynakça

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