Is The Natural Honey Bee Biodiversity of Anatolia in the Process of Extinction?
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 593 - 600, 30.09.2020
Merve Kambur
,
Meral Kekeçoğlu
Öz
This study was conducted through the geometric morphometric method by making a sampling as to represent seven geographical regions of Turkey and also all honeybee races that are reported to be found in Turkey. Nineteen landmarks on the wings of bees detected by using right front wings of worker bees were measured by the Bs200Pro program. According to the results of discriminant function analysis based on individual data, the true classification rate was found to be 54.1%. While the Marmara, Aegean, Eastern Anatolia and Black Sea Regions formed a strictly single group, the Southeastern Anatolia Region distinctly separated from other regions. The honey bee population of eastern and western parts of the Mediterranean Sea were divided into two, while the western part formed close groups with other regions, the eastern part got closer to the Southeastern Anatolia Region. The group center of the Central Anatolia Region partly separated from the other regions and formed a group at the edge. Beside the split of the Mediterranean Region as East and West, the samples taken from Southeastern Anatolian Region create a separate group supported the existence of Apis mellifera syriaca and Apis mellifera meda races in the South. The separation of the Central Anatolia Region supports the existence of Apis mellifera anatoliaca in Central Anatolia of Turkey. However, the examples taken from other regions nested together to create a group show that the honey bee biodiversity in Turkey has been affected by the migratory beekeeping and commercial queenbee activities in recent years.
Destekleyen Kurum
Düzce University
Proje Numarası
BAP-2015.05.01.318
Teşekkür
This study is part of the master thesis and it was supported by the Scientific Research Project of Duzce University BAP-2015.05.01.318.
Kaynakça
- Arias, M. C., & Sheppard, W. S. (1996). Molecular phylogenetics of honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera L) inferred from mitochondrial DNA Seqquence. Molecular Phelogenetics Evolution, 5(3), 557–566. doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0050
- Bouga, M., Alaux, C., Bienkowska, M., Büchler, R., Carreck, N. L., Cauia, E., Dahle, B., Dall’Olio, R., De la Rua, P., Gregorc, A., Ivanova, E., Kence, A., Kence, M., Kezic, N., Kiprijanovska, H., Kozmus, P., Kryger, P., Le Conte, Y., Lodesani, M., Murilhas, A. M., Scieanu, A., Soland, G., Uzunov. A., Wilde, J. (2011). A review of methods for discrimination of honey bee populations as applied to European beekeeping, Journal of Apicultural Research, 50(1),51–84. doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.05
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Celebrano, G., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J.M. (2000). Hybrid origins of honeybees from Italy (A. m. ligustica) and Sicily (A. m. sicula). Molecular Ecology, 9(7), 907–921. doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00945.x
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Loiseau, A., Oldroyd, B. P., Hepburn, H. R., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J. M. (2001). Genetic diversity of the honeybee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data. Heredity, 86, 420–430. doi.org/ 10.1046 / j.1365-2540.2001.00842.x.
- Güler, A. (2001). Artvin Borçka Camili ( Macahel ) Yöresi Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L .)’ nın Morfolojik Özellikleri. The Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25, 473–481.
- Guler, A., Bek, Y. (2002). Forewing angles of honey bee (Apis mellifera) samples from different regions of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 43–49. doi.org/10,1080/00218839.2002.11101067
- Guler, A. (2010). A morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province. Apidologie, 41(6), 622–635. doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010037
- Kambur, M. (2017). Determination of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Biodiversity of Turkey by Using Geometric Morphometric Methods, (MSc Thesis), Düzce University, Institute of Science, Düzce, Turkey.
- Kambur, M., Kekeçoğlu, M. (2018a). The loss of genetic diversity on native Turkish honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) subspecies. Anadolu Journal of Agriculture Science, 33, 73–84. doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.337798
- Kambur, M, Kekecoglu, M. (2018b). The current situation of Turkey Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) biodiversity and conservations studies. Biodicon, 11(1), 105-119. doi.org/10,13140/RG.2.2.12203.54568
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Kence, A. (2000). Genetic and morphometric variation in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations of Turkey. Apidologie, 31(1), 343-356. doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.379492
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Kence, A. (2005). Morphometric and electrophoretic variation in different honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations. The Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29(3), 885–890.
- Kandemir, I., Pinto, M. A, Meixner, M.D., Sheppard, W.S. (2006a). Hinf-I digestion of cytochrome oxidase I region is not a diagnostic test for A. m. lamarckii. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 29(4), 747-749. doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572006000400027
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Sheppard, W.S., Kence, A. (2006b). Mitochondrial DNA variation in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research Bee World, 45(1), 33–38. doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2006.11101310
- Kekecoglu M (2007). A Comparative Investigation of Honeybee Ecotypes of Turkey by Means of mtDNA and Some Morphological Traits, Ph.D. Thesis, Namık Kemal University, Institute of Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Bouga, M., Soysal, M. I., Harizanis, P. (2009). Genetıc Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Honey Bee Populations From Turkey Using Pcr-Rflp’s Analysis of Two mtDNA Segments. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 15 (6), 589-597.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Soysal M. I. (2010). Genetıc Diversity of Bee Ecotypes in Turkey and Evidence for Geographical Differences. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15 (5), 5646-5653.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Eroğlu, N., Kambur, M., Uçak, M. (2020). The Relationships Between Propolis Collecting Capability and Morphometric Features of Some Honey Bee Races and Ecotypes in Anatolia. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26 (1). doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.447319
- Koca, A.Ö., Kandemir, İ. (2013). Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 37, 205-210. doi:10.3906/zoo-1104-10
- Özbakır, G. Ö. (2011). Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Sınırboyu Bal Arısı Populasyonlarının (Apis mellifera L.) Morfolojik Özellikleri, Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Ozdil, F., Yıldız, M. A., Hall, H. G. (2009). Molecular characterization of Turkish honey bee populations (Apis mellifera) inferred from mitochondrial DNA RFLP and sequence results. Apidologie 40, 570–576. doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009032
- Palmer, M.R., Smith, D.R., Kaftanoǧlu, O. (2000). Turkish honeybees: Genetic variation and evidence for a fourth lineage of Apis mellifera mtDNA. Journal of Heredity 91(1), 42–46. doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.342734
- Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., Donnelly, P. (2000). Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data. Genetics, 156,945–959. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01758.x
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). NTSYS-pc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.20e, Exeter Publication, New York.
- Rothenbuhler, W.C, Kerr, W.E. (1968). Bee genetics. Annual Review of Genetics 2, 413–438.
- Sheppard, W.S., Meixner, M.D. (2003). Apis mellifera pomonella, a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia. Apidologie, 34, 367–375. doi.org/10.1051/apido:2003037
- Sıralı, R., Şengül, T., Yıldız, İ. (2003). Investıgatıons on Some Morphologıcal Characterıstıcs of the Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) of the Harran Plaın-Turkey. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi 2003(4), 30-26.
- Smith, D.R., Slaymaker, A., Palmer, M., Kaftanoğlu, O. (1997). Turkish mitochondrial lineage. Apidologie 28(1), 269–274. doi.org/10,1051/apido: 19.970.503
- SPSS. (2005). IBM SPSS Statistics 15.0 for Windows. Armonk, NY.
- Wilson, E. O. (1971). The insect societies Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Mass.
Anadolu’daki Bal Arısı Biyoçeşitliliği Yok Olma Sürecinde mi?
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 593 - 600, 30.09.2020
Merve Kambur
,
Meral Kekeçoğlu
Öz
Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’nin 7 coğrafik bölgesini ve Türkiye’ de bulunduğu bildirilen tüm alt türleri temsil edecek şekilde örnekleme yapılmış ve geometrik morfometri yöntemi ile Türkiye bal arısı biyoçeşitliliğinin son durumu ortaya konmuştur. İşçi arıların sağ ön kanatları kullanılarak kanatlar üzerinde belirlenen on dokuz landmark Bs200Pro programıyla ölçülmüştür. Bireysel veriler esas alınarak yapılan diskriminant fonksiyon analiz sonuçlarına göre gerçek gruplara doğru sınıflandırma oranı % 54.1’dir. Marmara, Ege, Doğu Anadolu ve Karadeniz Bölgeleri sıkı bir şekilde tek grup oluştururken, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi diğer bölgelerden belirgin şekilde ayrılmıştır. Akdeniz’in doğusu ve batısı ikiye ayrılmış, batı kısmı diğer bölgelerle iç içe geçerken doğu kısmı Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ne yakın ayrı bir grup oluşturmuştur. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin grup merkezi diğer bölgelerden ayrılarak kenarda bir grup oluşturmuştur. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin tek başına, Akdeniz Bölgesi’nin doğu ile batısının ayrı bir grup oluşturması Türkiye’nin güneyinde Apis mellifera syriaca ve Apis mellifera meda ırklarının varlığını destekler niteliktedir. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin ayrılması ise Orta Anadolu’da ise Apis mellifera anatoliaca olduğunu destekler niteliktedir. Ancak diğer bölgelerden alınan örneklerin iç içe geçerek birlikte bir grup oluşturması Türkiye bal arısı biyoçeşitliliğinin son yıllardaki göçer arıcılık ve ticari ana arı faaliyetlerinden etkilendiğini göstermektedir.
Proje Numarası
BAP-2015.05.01.318
Kaynakça
- Arias, M. C., & Sheppard, W. S. (1996). Molecular phylogenetics of honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera L) inferred from mitochondrial DNA Seqquence. Molecular Phelogenetics Evolution, 5(3), 557–566. doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0050
- Bouga, M., Alaux, C., Bienkowska, M., Büchler, R., Carreck, N. L., Cauia, E., Dahle, B., Dall’Olio, R., De la Rua, P., Gregorc, A., Ivanova, E., Kence, A., Kence, M., Kezic, N., Kiprijanovska, H., Kozmus, P., Kryger, P., Le Conte, Y., Lodesani, M., Murilhas, A. M., Scieanu, A., Soland, G., Uzunov. A., Wilde, J. (2011). A review of methods for discrimination of honey bee populations as applied to European beekeeping, Journal of Apicultural Research, 50(1),51–84. doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.05
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Celebrano, G., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J.M. (2000). Hybrid origins of honeybees from Italy (A. m. ligustica) and Sicily (A. m. sicula). Molecular Ecology, 9(7), 907–921. doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00945.x
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Loiseau, A., Oldroyd, B. P., Hepburn, H. R., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J. M. (2001). Genetic diversity of the honeybee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data. Heredity, 86, 420–430. doi.org/ 10.1046 / j.1365-2540.2001.00842.x.
- Güler, A. (2001). Artvin Borçka Camili ( Macahel ) Yöresi Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L .)’ nın Morfolojik Özellikleri. The Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25, 473–481.
- Guler, A., Bek, Y. (2002). Forewing angles of honey bee (Apis mellifera) samples from different regions of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 43–49. doi.org/10,1080/00218839.2002.11101067
- Guler, A. (2010). A morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province. Apidologie, 41(6), 622–635. doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010037
- Kambur, M. (2017). Determination of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Biodiversity of Turkey by Using Geometric Morphometric Methods, (MSc Thesis), Düzce University, Institute of Science, Düzce, Turkey.
- Kambur, M., Kekeçoğlu, M. (2018a). The loss of genetic diversity on native Turkish honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) subspecies. Anadolu Journal of Agriculture Science, 33, 73–84. doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.337798
- Kambur, M, Kekecoglu, M. (2018b). The current situation of Turkey Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) biodiversity and conservations studies. Biodicon, 11(1), 105-119. doi.org/10,13140/RG.2.2.12203.54568
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Kence, A. (2000). Genetic and morphometric variation in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations of Turkey. Apidologie, 31(1), 343-356. doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.379492
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Kence, A. (2005). Morphometric and electrophoretic variation in different honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations. The Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29(3), 885–890.
- Kandemir, I., Pinto, M. A, Meixner, M.D., Sheppard, W.S. (2006a). Hinf-I digestion of cytochrome oxidase I region is not a diagnostic test for A. m. lamarckii. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 29(4), 747-749. doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572006000400027
- Kandemir, I., Kence, M., Sheppard, W.S., Kence, A. (2006b). Mitochondrial DNA variation in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research Bee World, 45(1), 33–38. doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2006.11101310
- Kekecoglu M (2007). A Comparative Investigation of Honeybee Ecotypes of Turkey by Means of mtDNA and Some Morphological Traits, Ph.D. Thesis, Namık Kemal University, Institute of Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Bouga, M., Soysal, M. I., Harizanis, P. (2009). Genetıc Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Honey Bee Populations From Turkey Using Pcr-Rflp’s Analysis of Two mtDNA Segments. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 15 (6), 589-597.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Soysal M. I. (2010). Genetıc Diversity of Bee Ecotypes in Turkey and Evidence for Geographical Differences. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15 (5), 5646-5653.
- Kekeçoğlu, M., Eroğlu, N., Kambur, M., Uçak, M. (2020). The Relationships Between Propolis Collecting Capability and Morphometric Features of Some Honey Bee Races and Ecotypes in Anatolia. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26 (1). doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.447319
- Koca, A.Ö., Kandemir, İ. (2013). Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 37, 205-210. doi:10.3906/zoo-1104-10
- Özbakır, G. Ö. (2011). Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Sınırboyu Bal Arısı Populasyonlarının (Apis mellifera L.) Morfolojik Özellikleri, Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Ozdil, F., Yıldız, M. A., Hall, H. G. (2009). Molecular characterization of Turkish honey bee populations (Apis mellifera) inferred from mitochondrial DNA RFLP and sequence results. Apidologie 40, 570–576. doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009032
- Palmer, M.R., Smith, D.R., Kaftanoǧlu, O. (2000). Turkish honeybees: Genetic variation and evidence for a fourth lineage of Apis mellifera mtDNA. Journal of Heredity 91(1), 42–46. doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.342734
- Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., Donnelly, P. (2000). Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data. Genetics, 156,945–959. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01758.x
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). NTSYS-pc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.20e, Exeter Publication, New York.
- Rothenbuhler, W.C, Kerr, W.E. (1968). Bee genetics. Annual Review of Genetics 2, 413–438.
- Sheppard, W.S., Meixner, M.D. (2003). Apis mellifera pomonella, a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia. Apidologie, 34, 367–375. doi.org/10.1051/apido:2003037
- Sıralı, R., Şengül, T., Yıldız, İ. (2003). Investıgatıons on Some Morphologıcal Characterıstıcs of the Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) of the Harran Plaın-Turkey. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi 2003(4), 30-26.
- Smith, D.R., Slaymaker, A., Palmer, M., Kaftanoğlu, O. (1997). Turkish mitochondrial lineage. Apidologie 28(1), 269–274. doi.org/10,1051/apido: 19.970.503
- SPSS. (2005). IBM SPSS Statistics 15.0 for Windows. Armonk, NY.
- Wilson, E. O. (1971). The insect societies Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Mass.