Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çeşitlerinin Kök ve Sap Ekstraklarının Allelopatik ve Ototoksik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 801 - 809, 31.12.2020

Engin Kulan Nurgül Ergin , Mehmet Demir Kaya

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.694039

Öz

Bu çalışma, bazı aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin (Asol, Balcı, Linas ve Olas) kök ve sap kısımlarından elde edilen farklı dozlardaki (Kontrol, 12.5, 25.0 ve 50.0 g/L) solüsyonların arpa (Hordeum vulgare) ve buğdayın (Triticum aestivum) çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine allelopatik etkileri ile aspir üzerine ototoksik etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme yüzdesi (%), çimlenme hızı (gün), kök ve sürgün uzunluğu (cm), fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g/bitki) ile kuru madde oranı (%) incelenmiştir. Ayrıca hazırlanan solüsyonların elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) ve pH değerleri de belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sap solüsyonlarının EC değeri daha yüksek, pH değerleri ise daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin çimlenme yüzdesi ve hızında aspir çeşitlerine, bitki kısımlarına ve dozlara göre belirgin bir azalış veya artış elde edilmemiştir. Aspirde allelopatik ve ototoksik etkilerin sap kısmından kaynaklandığı, aspir köklerinin ise incelenen bitkiler üzerine etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Aspir çeşitlerinin allelopatik etkilerinin farklı olduğu ve Asol çeşidinin allelopatik ve ototoksik etkisinin daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, aspir saplarının buğday ve arpa bitkilerinin fide gelişimi üzerine allelopatik etkisinin olduğu, Asol ve Linas çeşitlerinin ise diğer çeşitlere göre daha az zararlı etkisinin olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carthamus tinctorius L., , allelopati, buğday, çimlenme, fide gelişimi

Determination of Allelopathic and Autotoxic Effects of Root and Stem Extracts of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Varieties

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of stem and root extracts with different doses (Control, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 g L-1) of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars (Asol, Balcı, Linas and Olas) on germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) and autotoxic effects on safflower. Germination percentage (%), mean germination time (day), root and shoot length (cm), seedling fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) and dry matter (%) were investigated. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH values of the prepared solutions were also measured. The results showed that higher EC and lower pH values in stem solution were determined. There was no significant decrease or increase in germination percentage and speed in the plants with respect to safflower cultivars, plant parts and doses. Allelopathic and autotoxic effects of safflower were resulted from the stems, while no significant effect of root solution was found the investigated plants. It was determined that allelopathic effects of the safflower cultivars were different and the least toxicity was detected in Asol. It was concluded that safflower stems had allelopathic effect on seedling growth of wheat and barley plants, Asol and Linas had less hazardous effect than other cultivars.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carthamus tintorious L., Allelopathy, wheat, germination, seedling growth

Kaynakça

• Bonamigo, T., Fortes, A. M. T., Pinto, T. T., Gomes, F. M., Silva, J. D., & Buturi, C. V. (2013). Allelopathic interference of safflower leaves with oilseed species. Biotemas, 26(2), 1-8.
• Day, S. (2016). Impact of essential oils obtained from safflower stem and roots on germination and seedling growth of wheat, barley, sunflower and chickpea. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(8), 706-711. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i8.706-711.772
• Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., & Gürbüz, F. (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (İstatistik Metodları II). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları:1021. Ders Kitabı, s.295.
• Far, M. H., & Bagherzadeh, A. (2018). Assessing allelopathic index for estimating allelopathic potential of Ajowan extracts. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 21(2), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-017-0022-0
• Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K., Mert, A., & Eser, Y. (2008). Chemical compounds of volatile oil obtained from fruit of Crimean Juniper (Juniperus excelsa) and leaves of Turkish plateau oregano (Origanum minutiflorum) and allelopathic effects on germination of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana). Journal of Biological Diversity and Conservation, 1(2), 105-114.
• Hussain, M. I. & Reigosa, M. J. (2011). Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three C3 perennial species. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(13), 4533-4545. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err161
• ISTA. (2003). International Seed Testing Association, ISTA Handbook on Seedling Evaluation, 3rd ed.
• Kaya, M. D., Ozcan, F., Day, S., Bayramin, S., & Ipek, A. (2013). Allellopathic role of essential oils in sunflower stubble on germination and seedling growth of the subsequent crop. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 15, 337‒341.
• Li, Z. H., Wang, Q., Ruan, X., Pan, C. D., & Jiang, D. A. (2010). Phenolics and plant allelopathy. Molecules, 15(12), 8933-8952. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128933
• Miri, H. R. (2011). Allelopathic potential of various plant species on Hordeum spontaneum. Advances in Environmental Biology, 3543-3550.
• Modhej, A., Rafatjoo, A., & Behdarvandi, B. (2013). Allelopathic inhibitory potential of some crop species (wheat, barley, canola, and safflower) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). International Journal of Biosciences, 3(10), 212-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.10.212-220
• Motamedi, M., Karimmojeni, H., & Sini, F. G. (2016). Evaluation of allelopathic potential of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56(4), 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0049
• Rice, E. L. (1979). Allelopathy-an update. The Botanical Review, 45(1), 15-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02869951
• Shah, A. N., Iqbal, J., Ullah, A., Yang, G., Yousaf, M., Fahad, S., Tanveer, M., Hassan, W., Tung, S. A., Wang, L., Khan, A., & Wu, Y. (2016). Allelopathic potential of oil seed crops in production of crops: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(15), 14854-14867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6969-6
• Soltys, D., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R., & Gniazdowska, A. (2013). Allelochemicals as bioherbicides-present and perspectives. In Herbicides-Current research and case studies in use. IntechOpen.
• Willis R. J. (2004). Justus Ludewig von Uslar, and the first book on allelopathy. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Publications.