BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 75 - 78, 01.06.2009

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akay C (2004). Biyomarkörlerin toksikolojide kullanımı. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 46(1): 73-83.
  • Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherová E (2001). Cytochromes P450 and metabolism of xenobiotics. Cell Mol Life Sci, 58 (5-6): 737-747.
  • Burchel B, Coughtrie MWH (1992). UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism. Pergamon, London.
  • Cashman JR (1995). Structural and catalitic properties of the mamalian flavin containing monooksigenase. Chem Res Toxicol, 8, 165-181.
  • Dökmeci İ (2003). Toksikoloji: Zehirlenmelerde Tanı ve Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Eling TE, Thompson DC, Foureman GL (1990). Prostoglandin H syntetase and xeno-biotic oxidation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 30, 1-45.
  • Gelal A (2003). Ksenobiyotiklerin Emilim, Dağılım ve Eliminasyonu. T. Klin Farmakoloji, 1, 6-9.
  • Guéguen Y, Mouzat K, Ferrari L et al. (2006). Cytochromes P450: xenobiotic metabolism, regulation and clinical importance. Ann Biol. Clin, 64(6): 535-548.
  • Guenrich FP (1994). Catalitic selectivity of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Relevance to drug metabolism and toxicity. Toxicol Lett, 70, 133-138.
  • Kaminsky LS, Zhang QY (2003). The small intestine as a xenobiotic- metabolizing organ. Drug Metab Dispos, 31 (12): 1520-1525.
  • Kato R, Estabrook RW, Cayen MN (1989). Xenobiotic Metabolism and Disposition. Taylor and Francis, London.
  • Kayaalp SO (2002). Rasyonel Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji, Hacettepe-Tas Kitapçılık, Ankara.
  • Kliewer SA (2003). The nuclear pregnane X receptor regulates xenobiotic detoxification. J Nutr, 133, 2444-2447.
  • Lang M, Pelkonen O (1999). Metabolism of xenobiotics and chemical carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ, 148, 13-22.
  • Lawton MP, Cashman JR, Cresteil T (1994) A nomenclature for the mammalian flavin containing monooksigenase gene family based on amino acid sequence identies. Arch Biochem Biophys, 308, 254-257.
  • Lewis DF (2003). P450 structures and oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Pharmacogenomics, 4 (4): 387-395.
  • Lock EA, Reed CJ (1998). Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of the kidney. Toxicol Pathol, 26 (1): 18-25.
  • Mackenzie PI, Rodbourne L, Stranks S (1992). Steroid UDP glucuronosyltransferases. J Steroid Biochem, 43, 1099-1105.
  • Miners JO, Mackenzie PI (1992). Drug glucuranidation in humans. Pharmacol Ther, 51, 347-369.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW (1996). Harper’ın Biyokimyası. Barış Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Niesink RJM (1996). Absorption, distribution and elimination of xenobiotics. In: Toxicology: Principles and Applications, Niesink RJM, Vries J, Hollinger MA (Eds), CRC Press, Florida.
  • Orans J, Teotico DG, Redinbo MR (2005). The nuclear xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor: recent insights and new challenges. Mol. Endocrinol, 19 (12): 2891-2900.
  • Paulson GD, Caldwell J, Hutson DH, Menn JJ (1986). Xenobiotic Conjugation Chemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
  • Rozman KK, Klaassen CD (2001). Absorption, distribution, and excretionof toxicants. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons Klaasen CD (Ed), TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
  • Snyder R (2000). Cytochrome P450, the oxygen-activating enzyme in xenobiotic metabolism. Toxicol Sci, 58 (1): 3-4.
  • Strolin Benedetti M, Whomsley R, Baltes EL (2005). Differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics between the paediatric and adult populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 1 (3): 447-471.
  • Sturgill MG, Lambert GH (1997). Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity: mechanisms of liver injury and methods of monitoring hepatic function. Clin Chem, 43 (2): 1512-1526.
  • Timsit YE, Negishi M (2006). CAR and PXR: the xenobiotic-sensing receptors. Steroids, 72 (3): 231-246.
  • Weyler W, Hsu YP, Breakfield XO (1992). Biochemisty and genetics of monoamine oxidase. In: Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism, Kalow W (Ed), 333-336, Pergamon, London.
  • Wilson ID, Nicholson JK (2003). Topics in Xenobiochemistry: do metabolic pathways exist for xenobiotics? Xenobiotica, 33 (9): 887- 901.
  • Wrighton SA, Stevens JC (1992). The human hepatic cytochrome P450 involved in drug metabolism. Crit Rev Toxicol, 22, 1-21.
  • Zhang Y, Benet LZ (2001). The gut as a barrier to drug absorption: Combined role of cytochrome P450 3A and P-Glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacokinet, 40, 159-168.
  • Ziegler DM (1993). Recent studies on the structure and function of multisubstrate flavin containing monooksigenases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 33, 179-199.

Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 75 - 78, 01.06.2009

Öz

Organizmaların karşılaştığı yabancı kimyasal maddeler veya ilaçlar zenobiyotikler olarak adlandırılır. Zenobiyotikler, vücut için toksik maddeler olup, vücuda alındıktan sonra etki yerlerine dağılırlar ve çeşitli yollarla elimine edilmeye çalışılırlar. Bunların metabolize edildiği ana organ karaciğerdir. Yaklaşık 30 farklı enzim zenobiyotik metabolizmasına katılan tepkimeleri kataliz eder. Metabolizasyon işlemi iki aşamada gerçekleşir. Birinci aşamanın ana tepkimesi sitokrom P450 olarak bilinen bir grup monooksigenaz tarafından kataliz edilen hidroksillenmedir. İkinci aşamada hidroksilenmiş ürünler glukuronik asit, sülfat veya glutatyon gibi bir grup hidrofilik bileşikle konjuge edilir. Böylece lipofilik maddeler vücuttan atılabilecek suda çözünür bileşikler haline çevrilir. Zenobiyotik metabolizmasının daha iyi anlaşılması, zenobiyotiklerin zararlı etkilerinden korunmak için yapılacak olan çalışmalara zemin oluşturacaktır

Kaynakça

  • Akay C (2004). Biyomarkörlerin toksikolojide kullanımı. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 46(1): 73-83.
  • Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherová E (2001). Cytochromes P450 and metabolism of xenobiotics. Cell Mol Life Sci, 58 (5-6): 737-747.
  • Burchel B, Coughtrie MWH (1992). UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism. Pergamon, London.
  • Cashman JR (1995). Structural and catalitic properties of the mamalian flavin containing monooksigenase. Chem Res Toxicol, 8, 165-181.
  • Dökmeci İ (2003). Toksikoloji: Zehirlenmelerde Tanı ve Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Eling TE, Thompson DC, Foureman GL (1990). Prostoglandin H syntetase and xeno-biotic oxidation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 30, 1-45.
  • Gelal A (2003). Ksenobiyotiklerin Emilim, Dağılım ve Eliminasyonu. T. Klin Farmakoloji, 1, 6-9.
  • Guéguen Y, Mouzat K, Ferrari L et al. (2006). Cytochromes P450: xenobiotic metabolism, regulation and clinical importance. Ann Biol. Clin, 64(6): 535-548.
  • Guenrich FP (1994). Catalitic selectivity of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Relevance to drug metabolism and toxicity. Toxicol Lett, 70, 133-138.
  • Kaminsky LS, Zhang QY (2003). The small intestine as a xenobiotic- metabolizing organ. Drug Metab Dispos, 31 (12): 1520-1525.
  • Kato R, Estabrook RW, Cayen MN (1989). Xenobiotic Metabolism and Disposition. Taylor and Francis, London.
  • Kayaalp SO (2002). Rasyonel Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji, Hacettepe-Tas Kitapçılık, Ankara.
  • Kliewer SA (2003). The nuclear pregnane X receptor regulates xenobiotic detoxification. J Nutr, 133, 2444-2447.
  • Lang M, Pelkonen O (1999). Metabolism of xenobiotics and chemical carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ, 148, 13-22.
  • Lawton MP, Cashman JR, Cresteil T (1994) A nomenclature for the mammalian flavin containing monooksigenase gene family based on amino acid sequence identies. Arch Biochem Biophys, 308, 254-257.
  • Lewis DF (2003). P450 structures and oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Pharmacogenomics, 4 (4): 387-395.
  • Lock EA, Reed CJ (1998). Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of the kidney. Toxicol Pathol, 26 (1): 18-25.
  • Mackenzie PI, Rodbourne L, Stranks S (1992). Steroid UDP glucuronosyltransferases. J Steroid Biochem, 43, 1099-1105.
  • Miners JO, Mackenzie PI (1992). Drug glucuranidation in humans. Pharmacol Ther, 51, 347-369.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW (1996). Harper’ın Biyokimyası. Barış Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Niesink RJM (1996). Absorption, distribution and elimination of xenobiotics. In: Toxicology: Principles and Applications, Niesink RJM, Vries J, Hollinger MA (Eds), CRC Press, Florida.
  • Orans J, Teotico DG, Redinbo MR (2005). The nuclear xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor: recent insights and new challenges. Mol. Endocrinol, 19 (12): 2891-2900.
  • Paulson GD, Caldwell J, Hutson DH, Menn JJ (1986). Xenobiotic Conjugation Chemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
  • Rozman KK, Klaassen CD (2001). Absorption, distribution, and excretionof toxicants. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons Klaasen CD (Ed), TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
  • Snyder R (2000). Cytochrome P450, the oxygen-activating enzyme in xenobiotic metabolism. Toxicol Sci, 58 (1): 3-4.
  • Strolin Benedetti M, Whomsley R, Baltes EL (2005). Differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics between the paediatric and adult populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 1 (3): 447-471.
  • Sturgill MG, Lambert GH (1997). Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity: mechanisms of liver injury and methods of monitoring hepatic function. Clin Chem, 43 (2): 1512-1526.
  • Timsit YE, Negishi M (2006). CAR and PXR: the xenobiotic-sensing receptors. Steroids, 72 (3): 231-246.
  • Weyler W, Hsu YP, Breakfield XO (1992). Biochemisty and genetics of monoamine oxidase. In: Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism, Kalow W (Ed), 333-336, Pergamon, London.
  • Wilson ID, Nicholson JK (2003). Topics in Xenobiochemistry: do metabolic pathways exist for xenobiotics? Xenobiotica, 33 (9): 887- 901.
  • Wrighton SA, Stevens JC (1992). The human hepatic cytochrome P450 involved in drug metabolism. Crit Rev Toxicol, 22, 1-21.
  • Zhang Y, Benet LZ (2001). The gut as a barrier to drug absorption: Combined role of cytochrome P450 3A and P-Glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacokinet, 40, 159-168.
  • Ziegler DM (1993). Recent studies on the structure and function of multisubstrate flavin containing monooksigenases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 33, 179-199.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Serap Ünübol Aypak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aypak, S. Ü. (2009). Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 75-78.
AMA Aypak SÜ. Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması. YYU Vet Fak Derg. Haziran 2009;20(2):75-78.
Chicago Aypak, Serap Ünübol. “Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20, sy. 2 (Haziran 2009): 75-78.
EndNote Aypak SÜ (01 Haziran 2009) Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20 2 75–78.
IEEE S. Ü. Aypak, “Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması”, YYU Vet Fak Derg, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 75–78, 2009.
ISNAD Aypak, Serap Ünübol. “Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20/2 (Haziran 2009), 75-78.
JAMA Aypak SÜ. Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2009;20:75–78.
MLA Aypak, Serap Ünübol. “Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 75-78.
Vancouver Aypak SÜ. Zenobiyotiklerin Metabolizması. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2009;20(2):75-8.