The Interaction between Phonological Similarity, Acoustic Similarity and Retention Interval under Audiotry Represantation

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 429 - 440, 24.12.2018

Nilgün Çepelioğullar

https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.500804

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the results of the
experiment when phonologically and acoustically similar and non-similar word
lists of four conditions are presented in three different retention intervals.
The relevant literature about short trem
memory is summarized within the models of Alan Baddeley’s Working Memory Model,
James Nairne’s Feature Model and Dylan M. Jones, Robert W. Hughes, William J. Macken’s Perceptual Model. The effects of phonological similarity, acoustic
similarity, modality and retention interval are examined through these models.
In the present experiment; phonologically and acoustically similar and
non-similar lists of five words are presented in four conditions among three
different intervals with the participation of 80 students from Uludag
University. After examinig the data it was found that phonological similarity
had a main effect as the similar lists were recalled less correctly; serial
position had a main effect in terms of recency and primacy; and retention
interval had a main effect as the longer the interval gets, the recall
performance drops. Phonological similarity proved to be effective as opposed to
the findings ine the literature found before. Acoustic similarity had no main
effect like theorized as the models that focus the importance on the perceptual
features. The results are discussed through the relevant literature and the
summarized models and suggestions are made regarding the studies that can be
carried out from now on. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Working Memory, Phonological Similarity, Acoustic Similarity, Retention Interval

İşitsel Olarak Sunulan Malzemenin Hatırlanmasında Hatırlamanın Gecikmesi ve Akustik Benzerliğin Fonolojik Benzerlik ile Etkileşimi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı;
işitsel olarak sunulan kelime listelerinin fonolojik ve akustik benzer olan ve
olmayan koşullarda, hatırlamada üç farklı gecikme türü ile sunulduğunda ortaya
çıkan sonuçların incelenmesidir. Kısa süreli bellek ile ilgili literatür Alan
Baddeley’nin Çalışma Belleği Modeli, James Nairne’in Özellik Modeli ve Dylan M.
Jones, Robert W. Hughes ve William J. Macken’ın Algısal Modeli çerçevesinde
özetlenmiştir. Kısa süreli bellek çalışmalarında karşımıza çıkan fonolojik
benzerlik etkisi, akustik benzerlik etkisi, modalite etkisi ve hatırlamada gecikme;
bu modeller doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde
eğitim görmekte olan 80 öğrencinin katılımıyla, fonolojik ve akustik olarak
benzer olan ve olmayan listeler içindeki beş kelime dört farklı koşulda ve üç
farklı gecikme süresi ile test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde; fonolojik
benzerlik etkisinin bu çalışmada da geçerli olduğu, benzer olan kelimelerin
daha düşük oranda doğru hatırlandığı; kelime sırasının temel etkisinin geçerli
olduğu ve listenin başındaki ve sonundaki kelimelerin daha yüksek oranda doğru
hatırlandığı ve gecikme süresinin hatırlama performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir
etki göstererek gecikme süresinin artmasıyla hatırlama performansının düştüğü
gözlemlenmiştir.
Fonolojik benzerlik literatürde daha önce kanıtlananın
aksine gecikme süresinin artması ile bilinenin aksi yönde etki etmemiştir.
Algısal özellikleri ön plana çıkaran modellerin varsaydığı şekilde akustik
benzerlik etkisinin hatırlama performansı üzerinde
etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuçlar ilgili literatür ve özetlenmeye çalışılan
modeller doğrultusunda tartışılmış, bundan sonra yapılabilecek çalışmalar için
öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çalışma Belleği, Fonolojik Benzerlik, Akustik Benzerlik, Hatırlamada Gecikme

Kaynakça

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