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REHABİLİTASYON HEMŞİRELİĞİNDE HAYVAN DESTEKLİ UYGULAMALAR

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 88 - 93, 31.08.2016

Abstract


Rehabilitasyon hemşireliği; kronik bir hastalığı olup, uzun süre bakım ve tedaviye gereksinim duyan hastaların öz-bakımını arttırmaya, bozulan fonksiyonlarını düzeltmeye ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik girişimleri hedefleyen bir hemşirelik alanıdır. Hayvan destekli uygulamalar; rehabilitasyon hemşireliği sürecinde belirtilen hedeflere ulaşmak, tedavi ve bakımı kolaylaştırmak için kullanılan, önemli yararları olan bir müdahale programı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Temel prensibi, insan ve hayvan etkileşiminin sağladığı biyolojik-fiziksel-kimyasal değişimlerle ortaya çıkan psikosomatik etkilere dayanmaktadır. Hayvan beslemek ya da hayvanlarla birlikte olmak, bu etkilerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlayarak mental, sosyal ve fiziksel sağlığın iyileştirilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu uygulamaların yararlarının ortaya çıkması için veteriner, halk sağlığı uzmanı, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon uzmanı, fizyoterapist, diğer deneyimli terapist ve hemşire gibi profesyonellerden oluşan multidisipliner bir ekip çalışması gerekmektedir.


Bu makalede, hayvan destekli uygulamaların etki mekanizmaları ve yararları ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiş olup, özellikle rehabilitasyon hemşireliği alanındaki kullanımına vurgu yapılmıştır.

References

  • 1. Jester R: Advancing practice in rehabilitation nursing, 1. Baskı, s.12- 24, Blackwell Publishing, USA (2007).
  • 2. Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses’ Association. Web adresi: http://www.arna.com.au/ARNA/Documents/ARNA_Undergraduate_Nursing_Curricula_Position_Statement.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 3. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (4th ed.), 2004. Web adresi: http://www.seapaonline.org/uploads/documentacion/Metodolog%C3%ADa%20Enfermera/labeldefinitions-NIC.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 4. Matuszek S. Animal-Facilitated Therapy in various patient populations. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2010; 24(4): 187–203.
  • 5. Cherniack EP and Cherniack AR. The benefit of pets and animal-assisted therapy to the health of older individuals. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research. 2014. doi:10.1037/0096- 3445.134.2.258
  • 6. Laun L. Benefits of pet therapy in dementia. Home Health Nurse. 2003; 21(1): 49-52.
  • 7. Banks MR and Banks WA. The effects of animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in an elderly population in long-term care facilities. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences. 2002; 57A(7): 428– 432.
  • 8. Berget B, Ekeberg Q and Braastad BO. Animal-assisted therapy with farm animals for persons with psychiatric disorders: effects on self-efficacy, coping ability and quality of life, a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2008; 4(9): 1-7.
  • 9. Cramer SC. (2003). Clinical issues in animal models of stroke and rehabilitation. ILAR Journal. 2003; 44(2): 83- 84.
  • 10. Filan SL and Liewellyn-Jones RH. (2006). Animal-assisted therapy for dementia: a review of the literatüre. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006; 18(4):597– 611.
  • 11. LaFrance C, Garcia LJ and Labreche J. The effect of a therapy dog on the communication skills of an adult with aphasia. Journal of Communication Disorders. 2007; 40:215–224.
  • 12. Mossello E, Ridolfi A, Mello A M. et al. Animal-assisted activity and emotional status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in day care. International Psychogeriatrics. 2011; 23(6): 899– 905.
  • 13. Motomura N, Yagi T. and Ohyama H. Animal assisted therapy for people with dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2004; 4: 40–42.
  • 14. Richeson NE. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. 2012; 18: 353.
  • 15. Cevizci S, Sen HM, Güneş F, Karaahmet E. Animal assisted therapy and activities in Alzheimer's disease, “Zerr I.(eds):Mental and behavioural disorders and diseases of the nervous system "understanding alzheimer's disease,1. Baskı” kitabında s. 303- 325, InTech Publisher (2013). doi: 10.5772/54504.
  • 16. Elliot SM. The psychological benefits of animal assisted therapy on elderly nursing home patients. Honors Research Projects. 2015: 59. Web adresi: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=honors_research_projects Erişim tarihi: 18.01.2016.
  • 17. Cevizci S, Erginöz E ve Baltaş Z. İnsan sağlığının iyileştirilmesine yönelik hayvan destekli tedaviler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2009; 8(3): 263-272.
  • 18. Palley LS, O’Rourke PP and Niemi SM. Mainstreaming animal-assisted therapy. ILAR Journal 2010; 51(3): 199- 206.
  • 19. Morrison ML. Health benefits of animal-assisted interventions. Complementary Health Practice Review. 2007;12 (1): 51– 62.
  • 20. Karayağız Muslu G ve Conk Z. Hayvan destekli uygulamalar ve çocuklarda kullanımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2011; 4 (2): 83-88.
  • 21. Jegatheesan B. The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and animal assisted activity and quidelines for wellness of animals involved final report-2013. Web adresi: http://www.iahaio.org/new/fileuploads/8000İAHAİO%20WHİTE%20PAPER%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%20FİNAL%20REPORT%20-%20070714.pdf Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2015.
  • 22. Yılmaz C ve Ersoy N. Kronik ve kritik hasta ile hayvan etkileşimi. Lokman Hekim Journal. 2014, 5: 34- 35.
  • 23. Serpell JA. Animal-assisted interventions in historical perspective, “Fine AH (eds) Handbook on animal assisted therapy: theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice, 3. Baskı kitabında”, s.17–32 Academic Press, New York (2010).
  • 24. Fine AH. Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice, 2. baskı, s. 8- 9, 207- 213, Elsevier, USA (2006).
  • 25. Macauley BL. Animal-assisted therapy for persons with aphasia: a pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. 2006; 43(3): 357– 366.
  • 26. Ormerod EJ, Edney ATB, Foster SJ, Whyham MC. Therapeutic applications of the human companion animal bond. Veterinary Record. 2005; 157: 689- 691.
  • 27. Braastad BO and Berget B. Theoretical frameworks for animal-assisted interventions. Department of animal and aquacultural sciences. Web adresi: http://www.umb.no/statisk/greencare/meetings/abstracts_presentations/costwg1braastadtheoretical_frameworks.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 28. Kruger KA, Serpell JA. Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations-2010. Web adresi: https://lemosandcrane.co.uk/resources/Handbook%20on%20AnimalAssisted%20Therapy%20-%20Animal-Assisted%20Intervention%20in%20mental%20Health.pdf Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2015.
  • 29. Akımlar-Teoriler- Dönemler- İdeolojiler ve Kültürel Bilgiler. http://toplumsalbilinc.org/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=18191.0;attach=4232 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2015)
  • 30. Berget B and Ihlebæk C. Animal- assisted interventions; effects on human mental health - a theoretical framework-2011. Web adresi: www.intechopen.com Erişim tarihi: 29.06.2015.
  • 31. On dokuzuncu Anadolu psikiyatri günleri kongre kitabı-2010 Web adresi: http://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/uploadFiles/eventFile/211201291453-20-apg.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 32. Ballarini G. Pet therapy animals in human therapy. Conference Report Acta Bio Medica. 2003; 74: 97- 100.
  • 33. Moretti F, De Ronchi D, Bernabei V, Marchetti L, Ferrari B. Pet therapy in elderly patients with mental illness. Psychogeriatrics. 2011; 11(2), 125- 129.
  • 34. Odendaal JSJ. Animal-assisted therapy, magic or medicine? Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2000; 49: 275- 280.
  • 35. Antonioli C, Reveley MA. Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins in the treatment of depression. BMJ. 2005: 26 November: 1- 4.
  • 36. Beetz A, Moberg KU, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology for Clinical Settings. 2012; 3: 234.
  • 37. Colombo G, Buono MD, Smania K, Raviola R, De Leo D. Pet therapy and institutionalized elderly: a study on 144 cognitively unimpaired subjects. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2006; 42: 207– 216.
  • 38. Edwards NE, Back AM. Animal-assisted therapy and nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2002; 24(6): 697- 712.
  • 39. Marcus DA, Bernstein CD, Constantin JM, Kunkel FA, Breuer P and Hanlon RB. Impact of animal-assisted therapy for outpatients with fibromyalgia. Pain Medicine Journal. 2013; 14(1): 43– 51.
  • 40. Allen K, Shykoff BE and Izzo JL. Pet ownership, but not ACE inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress. Hypertension. 2001; 38: 815-820.
  • 41. Cole KM, Gawlinski A, Steers N, Kotlerman J. Animal-assisted therapy in patients hospitalized with heart failure. American Journal of Critical Care. 2007; 16(6): 575- 586.
  • 42. De Mello LR. The effect of the presence of a companion-animal on the physiological changes following the termination of cognitive Stressors. Psychologic Health. 1999; 14: 859– 868.
  • 43. Barker SB, Pandurangi AK and Best MA. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients’ anxiety, fear and depression before ECT. The Journal of ECT. 2003; 19(1): 38–44.
  • 44. Adams N. Animal assisted interventions for adolescents with emotional and behavioural Problems- 2009. Web adresi: http://www.ltw.com.au/docs/Naomi%20Adams%20AAT%20Lit%20Review.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 45. Animal Assisted Therapy (Pet Therapy) in Dementia Care. An Australian Government Initiative. Web adresi: http://dbmas.org.au/uploads/resources/Animal_Assisted_Therapy_in_Dementia_Care.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 46. Animal Assisted Intervention International Standards of Practice-2013. Web adresi: http://www.animalassistedintervention.org/Portals/11/Standards-of-practice/Animal-Assisted-Intervention-International-Standards-of-Practice-Jan-28-2013.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 47. Lefebvre SL, Golab GC, Christensen E, Castrodale L, Aureden K, Bialachowski A. et al. Guidelines for animal-assisted interventions in health care facilities. Am Journal Infection Control. 2008; 36(2): 78- 85.
  • 48. Murthy R, Bearman G, Brown S, Bryant K, Chinn R, Hewlett A. et al. Animals in healthcare facilities: recommendations to minimize potential risks. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2015; March: 1 – 22.
  • 49. Mauk K. Rehabilitation Nursing a Contemporary Approach to Practice. 1. baskı, s. 443- 454, Jones& Barlett Learning, Sudbury MA (2012).
  • 50. School of nursing offers animal-assisted therapy course. Web adresi: http://uthscsa.edu/opa/issues/new33-31/nursing.htm Erişim tarihi: 28.06.2015.
  • 51. Institute for Human-Animal Connection Web adresi: http://www.du.edu/humananimalconnection/ Erişim tarihi: 27.06.2015.
  • 52. Research Center for Human Animal Interaction (ReCHAI) MU College of Veterinary Medicine Web adresi: http://www.nursing.missouri.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/johnsonra/index.php Erişim tarihi: 27.06.2015.
  • 53. Oakland University Center for Human Animal Interventions Web adresi: http://wwwp.oakland.edu/nursing/continuing-education/animalassistedtherapy/ Erişim tarihi: 26.06.2015.

ANIMAL-ASSISTED INTERVENTION IN REHABILITATION NURSING

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 88 - 93, 31.08.2016

Abstract

Rehabilitation nursing is a nursing field that targeting the initiatives about improving selfcare, correcting the impaired functions and increasing the quality of living of patiens that have a chronic disease and need long term care. Animal-assisted interventions are defined as an intervention program that used to simplify treatment and care and it has significant benefits in achieving the objectives referred in the rehabilitation nursing process. Its basic principle is based on biological-physical-chemical changes resulting psychosomatic effects provided by the human and animal interaction. Having an animal or being with animals, allows the emergence of these effects and plays an important role in improving mental, social and physical health. For the emergence of the benefits of these practices multidiscipliner teams that consist of veterinarians, public health specialists, physiotherapy and rehabilitation specialists, other therapists and experienced professionals should work together.


In this article, information has been given about the mechanism of action and benefits of animal assisted interventions and particularly the use of these mechanism in rehabilitation nursing field has been emphasized.


References

  • 1. Jester R: Advancing practice in rehabilitation nursing, 1. Baskı, s.12- 24, Blackwell Publishing, USA (2007).
  • 2. Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses’ Association. Web adresi: http://www.arna.com.au/ARNA/Documents/ARNA_Undergraduate_Nursing_Curricula_Position_Statement.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 3. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (4th ed.), 2004. Web adresi: http://www.seapaonline.org/uploads/documentacion/Metodolog%C3%ADa%20Enfermera/labeldefinitions-NIC.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 4. Matuszek S. Animal-Facilitated Therapy in various patient populations. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2010; 24(4): 187–203.
  • 5. Cherniack EP and Cherniack AR. The benefit of pets and animal-assisted therapy to the health of older individuals. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research. 2014. doi:10.1037/0096- 3445.134.2.258
  • 6. Laun L. Benefits of pet therapy in dementia. Home Health Nurse. 2003; 21(1): 49-52.
  • 7. Banks MR and Banks WA. The effects of animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in an elderly population in long-term care facilities. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences. 2002; 57A(7): 428– 432.
  • 8. Berget B, Ekeberg Q and Braastad BO. Animal-assisted therapy with farm animals for persons with psychiatric disorders: effects on self-efficacy, coping ability and quality of life, a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2008; 4(9): 1-7.
  • 9. Cramer SC. (2003). Clinical issues in animal models of stroke and rehabilitation. ILAR Journal. 2003; 44(2): 83- 84.
  • 10. Filan SL and Liewellyn-Jones RH. (2006). Animal-assisted therapy for dementia: a review of the literatüre. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006; 18(4):597– 611.
  • 11. LaFrance C, Garcia LJ and Labreche J. The effect of a therapy dog on the communication skills of an adult with aphasia. Journal of Communication Disorders. 2007; 40:215–224.
  • 12. Mossello E, Ridolfi A, Mello A M. et al. Animal-assisted activity and emotional status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in day care. International Psychogeriatrics. 2011; 23(6): 899– 905.
  • 13. Motomura N, Yagi T. and Ohyama H. Animal assisted therapy for people with dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2004; 4: 40–42.
  • 14. Richeson NE. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. 2012; 18: 353.
  • 15. Cevizci S, Sen HM, Güneş F, Karaahmet E. Animal assisted therapy and activities in Alzheimer's disease, “Zerr I.(eds):Mental and behavioural disorders and diseases of the nervous system "understanding alzheimer's disease,1. Baskı” kitabında s. 303- 325, InTech Publisher (2013). doi: 10.5772/54504.
  • 16. Elliot SM. The psychological benefits of animal assisted therapy on elderly nursing home patients. Honors Research Projects. 2015: 59. Web adresi: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=honors_research_projects Erişim tarihi: 18.01.2016.
  • 17. Cevizci S, Erginöz E ve Baltaş Z. İnsan sağlığının iyileştirilmesine yönelik hayvan destekli tedaviler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2009; 8(3): 263-272.
  • 18. Palley LS, O’Rourke PP and Niemi SM. Mainstreaming animal-assisted therapy. ILAR Journal 2010; 51(3): 199- 206.
  • 19. Morrison ML. Health benefits of animal-assisted interventions. Complementary Health Practice Review. 2007;12 (1): 51– 62.
  • 20. Karayağız Muslu G ve Conk Z. Hayvan destekli uygulamalar ve çocuklarda kullanımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2011; 4 (2): 83-88.
  • 21. Jegatheesan B. The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and animal assisted activity and quidelines for wellness of animals involved final report-2013. Web adresi: http://www.iahaio.org/new/fileuploads/8000İAHAİO%20WHİTE%20PAPER%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%20FİNAL%20REPORT%20-%20070714.pdf Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2015.
  • 22. Yılmaz C ve Ersoy N. Kronik ve kritik hasta ile hayvan etkileşimi. Lokman Hekim Journal. 2014, 5: 34- 35.
  • 23. Serpell JA. Animal-assisted interventions in historical perspective, “Fine AH (eds) Handbook on animal assisted therapy: theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice, 3. Baskı kitabında”, s.17–32 Academic Press, New York (2010).
  • 24. Fine AH. Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice, 2. baskı, s. 8- 9, 207- 213, Elsevier, USA (2006).
  • 25. Macauley BL. Animal-assisted therapy for persons with aphasia: a pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. 2006; 43(3): 357– 366.
  • 26. Ormerod EJ, Edney ATB, Foster SJ, Whyham MC. Therapeutic applications of the human companion animal bond. Veterinary Record. 2005; 157: 689- 691.
  • 27. Braastad BO and Berget B. Theoretical frameworks for animal-assisted interventions. Department of animal and aquacultural sciences. Web adresi: http://www.umb.no/statisk/greencare/meetings/abstracts_presentations/costwg1braastadtheoretical_frameworks.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 28. Kruger KA, Serpell JA. Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations-2010. Web adresi: https://lemosandcrane.co.uk/resources/Handbook%20on%20AnimalAssisted%20Therapy%20-%20Animal-Assisted%20Intervention%20in%20mental%20Health.pdf Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2015.
  • 29. Akımlar-Teoriler- Dönemler- İdeolojiler ve Kültürel Bilgiler. http://toplumsalbilinc.org/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=18191.0;attach=4232 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2015)
  • 30. Berget B and Ihlebæk C. Animal- assisted interventions; effects on human mental health - a theoretical framework-2011. Web adresi: www.intechopen.com Erişim tarihi: 29.06.2015.
  • 31. On dokuzuncu Anadolu psikiyatri günleri kongre kitabı-2010 Web adresi: http://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/uploadFiles/eventFile/211201291453-20-apg.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 32. Ballarini G. Pet therapy animals in human therapy. Conference Report Acta Bio Medica. 2003; 74: 97- 100.
  • 33. Moretti F, De Ronchi D, Bernabei V, Marchetti L, Ferrari B. Pet therapy in elderly patients with mental illness. Psychogeriatrics. 2011; 11(2), 125- 129.
  • 34. Odendaal JSJ. Animal-assisted therapy, magic or medicine? Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2000; 49: 275- 280.
  • 35. Antonioli C, Reveley MA. Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins in the treatment of depression. BMJ. 2005: 26 November: 1- 4.
  • 36. Beetz A, Moberg KU, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology for Clinical Settings. 2012; 3: 234.
  • 37. Colombo G, Buono MD, Smania K, Raviola R, De Leo D. Pet therapy and institutionalized elderly: a study on 144 cognitively unimpaired subjects. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2006; 42: 207– 216.
  • 38. Edwards NE, Back AM. Animal-assisted therapy and nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2002; 24(6): 697- 712.
  • 39. Marcus DA, Bernstein CD, Constantin JM, Kunkel FA, Breuer P and Hanlon RB. Impact of animal-assisted therapy for outpatients with fibromyalgia. Pain Medicine Journal. 2013; 14(1): 43– 51.
  • 40. Allen K, Shykoff BE and Izzo JL. Pet ownership, but not ACE inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress. Hypertension. 2001; 38: 815-820.
  • 41. Cole KM, Gawlinski A, Steers N, Kotlerman J. Animal-assisted therapy in patients hospitalized with heart failure. American Journal of Critical Care. 2007; 16(6): 575- 586.
  • 42. De Mello LR. The effect of the presence of a companion-animal on the physiological changes following the termination of cognitive Stressors. Psychologic Health. 1999; 14: 859– 868.
  • 43. Barker SB, Pandurangi AK and Best MA. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients’ anxiety, fear and depression before ECT. The Journal of ECT. 2003; 19(1): 38–44.
  • 44. Adams N. Animal assisted interventions for adolescents with emotional and behavioural Problems- 2009. Web adresi: http://www.ltw.com.au/docs/Naomi%20Adams%20AAT%20Lit%20Review.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 45. Animal Assisted Therapy (Pet Therapy) in Dementia Care. An Australian Government Initiative. Web adresi: http://dbmas.org.au/uploads/resources/Animal_Assisted_Therapy_in_Dementia_Care.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 46. Animal Assisted Intervention International Standards of Practice-2013. Web adresi: http://www.animalassistedintervention.org/Portals/11/Standards-of-practice/Animal-Assisted-Intervention-International-Standards-of-Practice-Jan-28-2013.pdf Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
  • 47. Lefebvre SL, Golab GC, Christensen E, Castrodale L, Aureden K, Bialachowski A. et al. Guidelines for animal-assisted interventions in health care facilities. Am Journal Infection Control. 2008; 36(2): 78- 85.
  • 48. Murthy R, Bearman G, Brown S, Bryant K, Chinn R, Hewlett A. et al. Animals in healthcare facilities: recommendations to minimize potential risks. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2015; March: 1 – 22.
  • 49. Mauk K. Rehabilitation Nursing a Contemporary Approach to Practice. 1. baskı, s. 443- 454, Jones& Barlett Learning, Sudbury MA (2012).
  • 50. School of nursing offers animal-assisted therapy course. Web adresi: http://uthscsa.edu/opa/issues/new33-31/nursing.htm Erişim tarihi: 28.06.2015.
  • 51. Institute for Human-Animal Connection Web adresi: http://www.du.edu/humananimalconnection/ Erişim tarihi: 27.06.2015.
  • 52. Research Center for Human Animal Interaction (ReCHAI) MU College of Veterinary Medicine Web adresi: http://www.nursing.missouri.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/johnsonra/index.php Erişim tarihi: 27.06.2015.
  • 53. Oakland University Center for Human Animal Interventions Web adresi: http://wwwp.oakland.edu/nursing/continuing-education/animalassistedtherapy/ Erişim tarihi: 26.06.2015.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Seçil Beyece İncazlı

Serap Özer This is me

Yasemin Yıldırım This is me

Publication Date August 31, 2016
Submission Date December 15, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Beyece İncazlı, S., Özer, S., & Yıldırım, Y. (2016). REHABİLİTASYON HEMŞİRELİĞİNDE HAYVAN DESTEKLİ UYGULAMALAR. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 88-93.

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