Research Article
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Lifetime and Current Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among College Students

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 435 - 445, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1103678

Abstract

Informed by previous research on non-suicidal self-injury, researchers in the current study sought to understand further the relationships between non-suicidal self-injury, self-esteem, anxiety, and biological sex among college students. Further, the researchers were interested in both current non-suicidal self-injury engagement and lifetime non-suicidal self-injury engagement, which could provide information on prevalence before and after commencing college. In order to examine the predictive relationships between lifetime non-suicidal self-injury engagement, current non-suicidal self-injury engagement, self-esteem, anxiety, and biological sex, participants completed several instruments assessing aforementioned variables. Results yielded that non-suicidal self-injury engagement rate was higher before commencing college. It was further found that while trait anxiety was a significant predictor for current non-suicidal self-injury occurrence, self-esteem was a significant predictor of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury occurrence. Concerning non-suicidal self-injury functions, affect regulation was the leading reason to engage in non-suicidal self-injury followed by self-punishment and anti-dissociation/marking distress.

References

  • Aizenman, M., & Jensen, M. A. C. (2007). Speaking through the body: The incidence of self-injury, piercing, and tattooing among college students. Journal of College Counseling, 10, 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2007.tb00004.x
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Andover, M. S., Pepper, C. M., Ryabchenko, K. A., Orrico, E. G., & Gibb, B. E. (2005).Self mutilation and symptoms of depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35 (5), 581-591. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2005.35.5.581
  • Bjärehed, J., Wångby‐Lundh, M., & Lundh, L. G. (2012). Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in a community sample of adolescents: Subgroups, stability, and associations with psychological difficulties. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22, 678-693. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00817.x
  • Brown, M. Z., Comtois, K.A., & Linehan, M. M. (2002).Reasons for suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 198-202. https://doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.111.1.198
  • Cawood, C. D., & Huprich, S. K. (2011). Late adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The roles of coping style, self-esteem, and personality pathology. Journal of personality disorders, 25(6), 765-781. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.6.765
  • Cipriano, A., Cella, S., & Cotrufo, P. (2017). Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946
  • Favazza, A. R. (2009). A cultural understanding of nonsuicidal self-injury. In Nock, M. K. (Ed.). Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment. (pp. 19-36). American Psychological Association.
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009). Social context during non-suicidal self-injury indicates suicide risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 25-29. https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.020
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2010a). A multimethod analysis of impulsivity in non-suicidal self-injury. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017427
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2010b). The role of seeing blood in non‐suicidal self‐injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 466-473. https://doi: 10.1002/jclp.20661
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2011). One-year test-retest reliability of the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS). Assessment, 18, 375-378. https:// doi: 10.1177/1073191111411669
  • Gollust, S. E., Eisenberg, D., & Golberstein, E. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of self-injury among university students. Journal of American College Health, 56, 491- 498. https://doi: 10.3200/JACH.56.5.491-498
  • Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the deliberate self-harm inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012779403943
  • Gratz, K. L., Conrad, S. D., & Roemer, L. (2002). Risk factors for deliberate self‐harm among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.128
  • Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2007). The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male undergraduates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 1-14. https://doi: 10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.1
  • Harrison, K.D., (2009). Self injury among a college population: The role of attachment, self-esteem, and emotional expression as risk factors. Doctorate dissertation, Roosevelt University.
  • Hasking, P.,Momeni, R., Swannell, S., & Chia, S. (2008). The nature and extent of non-suicidal self-injury in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Archives of Suicide Research, 12, 208-218. https://doi:10.1080/13811110802100957
  • Heath, N. L., Schaub, K., Holly, S., & Nixon, M. K. (2009). Self injury today: Review of population and clinical studies in adolescents. In Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.), Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention (pp. 9-28). Routledge Press.
  • Hilt, L. M., Cha, C. B., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2008a). Nonsuicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: moderators of the distress-function relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 63-71. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.63
  • Hilt, L. M., Nock, M. K., Lloyd–Richardson, E. E., & Prinstein, M. J. (2008b). Longitudinal study of non-suicidal self-injury among young adolescents: Rates, correlates, and preliminary test of an interpersonal model. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(3), 455-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608316604
  • Hoff, E. R., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury in college students: The role of perfectionism and rumination. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 576-587. https://doi: 10.1521/suli.2009.39.6.576
  • International Society for the Study of Self-injury. (2018). What is self-injury? https://itriples.org/about-self-injury/what-is-self-injury.
  • Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate self-harm in a nonclinical population: Prevalence and psychological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(8), 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
  • Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226-239. https://doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
  • Klonsky, E. D., & Olino, T. M. (2008). Identifying clinically distinct subgroups of self-injurers young adults: A latent class analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 22-27. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.22
  • Klonsky E. D., & Glenn, K. R. (2009a). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: psychometric properties of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 215-219. https://doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z
  • Klonsky E. D., & Glenn, K. R. (2009b). Psychosocial risk and protective factors. In Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.), Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention (pp. 45-58). Routledge Press.
  • Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1981-1986. https://doi:10.1017/S0033291710002497
  • Klonsky, E. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Lewis, S. P., & Walsh, B. (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury. Hogrefe.
  • Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the ‘‘whats’’ and ‘‘whys’’ of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447-457. https://doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
  • Lundh, L. G., Karim, J., & Quilisch, E. (2007). Deliberate self-harm in 15-year-old adolescents: A pilot study with a modified version of the deliberate self-harm inventory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 33-41. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00567.x
  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gutierez, P. M. (2004). An investigation of differences between self-injurious behaviors and suicide attempts in a sample of adolescents. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 34(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.34.1.12.27769
  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2007). Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury. Archives of Suicide Research, 11, 69-82. https://doi: 10.1080/13811110600992902
  • Nixon, M. K., Cloutier, P. F., & Aggarwai, S. (2002). Affect regulation and addictive aspects of repetitive self-injury in hospitalized adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1333-1341. https://doi.10.1097/01.CHI.0000024844.60748
  • Nixon, M. K., Cloutier, P., & Jansson, M. (2008). Nonsuicidal self-harm in youth: A population-based survey. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178, 306-312. https://doi. 10.1503/cmaj.061693
  • Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.). (2009). Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention. Routledge Press.
  • Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 885-890. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885
  • Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 339-363. https://doi.10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image (2nd ed.). Wesleyan University Press.
  • Ross, S., & Heath, N. (2002). A study of the frequency of self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 67-77. https://doi. 0047-2891/02/0200-0067/0
  • Scoliers, G., Portzky, G., Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., de Wilde, E. J.,…, & van Heeringen, K. (2009). Reasons for adolescent deliberate self-harm: A cry of pain and/or a cry for help? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 601-607. https://doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0469-z
  • Serras, A., Saules, K. K., Cranford, J. A., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Self-injury, substance use, and associated risk factors in a multi-campus probability sample of college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 119-128. https://doi: 10.1037/a0017210
  • Spielberg, D. C. (Ed). (1972). Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. Academic Press.
  • Spielberg, D. C. (1983). State- trait anxiety inventory for adults. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
  • Tatnell, R., Kelada, L., Hasking, P. & Martin, G. (2014). Longitudinal analysis of adolescent NSSI: The role of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 885–896. https://doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9837-6
  • Turner, B. J., Chapman, A. L., & Layden, B. K. (2012). Intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of non suicidal self‐injury: Associations with emotional and social functioning. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42, 36-55. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00069.x
  • Victor, S. E., Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2012). Is non-suicidal self-injury an “addiction”? A comparison of craving in substance use and non-suicidal self-injury. Psychiatry Research, 197, 73-77. https://doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.011
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  • Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Purington, A., Eckenrode, J., Barreira, P., Baral-Abrams, G., Marchell, T., Kress, V., Girard, K., Chin, C., & Knox, K (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury in a college population: General trends and sex differences. Journal of American College Health, 59, 691-698. https://doi: 10.1080/07448481.2010.529626
  • Wilcox, H. C., Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Pinchevsky, G. M., & O'Grady, K. E. (2012). Longitudinal predictors of past-year non-suicidal self-injury and motives among college students. Psychological Medicine, 42, 717-726. https://doi:10.1017/S0033291711001814

Üniversite Öğrencileri arasında Kendini Yaralama Davranışının Yordayıcıları

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 435 - 445, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1103678

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kendini yaralama davranışı ile ilgili önceki araştırmalardan elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda üniversite öğrencileri arasında kendini yaralama, benlik saygısı, kaygı ve cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkileri daha derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, üniversiteye başlamadan önce ve üniversiteye başladıktan sonra kendini yaralama davranışının yaygınlığı hakkında bilgi sağlayabilecek mevcut ve yaşam boyu durum araştırılmıştır. Yaşam boyu kendini yaralama davranışı, mevcut kendini yaralama davranışı, benlik saygısı, kaygı ve cinsiyet arasındaki öngörücü ilişkileri incelemek için, katılımcılardan yukarıda belirtilen değişkenleri değerlendiren ölçme araçları kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kendini yaralama davranışında bulunma olasılığının üniversiteye başlamadan önce üniversiteye başladıktan sonraya kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, sürekli kaygı mevcut kendini yaralama davranışı oluşumu için anlamlı bir yordayıcısı iken, benlik saygısının yaşam boyu kendini yaralama davranışı oluşumunun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Kendini yaralama davranışı işlevleriyle ilgili olarak, önde gelen nedeninin duygu düzenlemesi olduğu bulunmuştur.

References

  • Aizenman, M., & Jensen, M. A. C. (2007). Speaking through the body: The incidence of self-injury, piercing, and tattooing among college students. Journal of College Counseling, 10, 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2007.tb00004.x
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Andover, M. S., Pepper, C. M., Ryabchenko, K. A., Orrico, E. G., & Gibb, B. E. (2005).Self mutilation and symptoms of depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35 (5), 581-591. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2005.35.5.581
  • Bjärehed, J., Wångby‐Lundh, M., & Lundh, L. G. (2012). Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in a community sample of adolescents: Subgroups, stability, and associations with psychological difficulties. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22, 678-693. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00817.x
  • Brown, M. Z., Comtois, K.A., & Linehan, M. M. (2002).Reasons for suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 198-202. https://doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.111.1.198
  • Cawood, C. D., & Huprich, S. K. (2011). Late adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The roles of coping style, self-esteem, and personality pathology. Journal of personality disorders, 25(6), 765-781. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.6.765
  • Cipriano, A., Cella, S., & Cotrufo, P. (2017). Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946
  • Favazza, A. R. (2009). A cultural understanding of nonsuicidal self-injury. In Nock, M. K. (Ed.). Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment. (pp. 19-36). American Psychological Association.
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009). Social context during non-suicidal self-injury indicates suicide risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 25-29. https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.020
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2010a). A multimethod analysis of impulsivity in non-suicidal self-injury. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017427
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2010b). The role of seeing blood in non‐suicidal self‐injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 466-473. https://doi: 10.1002/jclp.20661
  • Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2011). One-year test-retest reliability of the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS). Assessment, 18, 375-378. https:// doi: 10.1177/1073191111411669
  • Gollust, S. E., Eisenberg, D., & Golberstein, E. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of self-injury among university students. Journal of American College Health, 56, 491- 498. https://doi: 10.3200/JACH.56.5.491-498
  • Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the deliberate self-harm inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012779403943
  • Gratz, K. L., Conrad, S. D., & Roemer, L. (2002). Risk factors for deliberate self‐harm among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.128
  • Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2007). The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male undergraduates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 1-14. https://doi: 10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.1
  • Harrison, K.D., (2009). Self injury among a college population: The role of attachment, self-esteem, and emotional expression as risk factors. Doctorate dissertation, Roosevelt University.
  • Hasking, P.,Momeni, R., Swannell, S., & Chia, S. (2008). The nature and extent of non-suicidal self-injury in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Archives of Suicide Research, 12, 208-218. https://doi:10.1080/13811110802100957
  • Heath, N. L., Schaub, K., Holly, S., & Nixon, M. K. (2009). Self injury today: Review of population and clinical studies in adolescents. In Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.), Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention (pp. 9-28). Routledge Press.
  • Hilt, L. M., Cha, C. B., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2008a). Nonsuicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: moderators of the distress-function relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 63-71. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.63
  • Hilt, L. M., Nock, M. K., Lloyd–Richardson, E. E., & Prinstein, M. J. (2008b). Longitudinal study of non-suicidal self-injury among young adolescents: Rates, correlates, and preliminary test of an interpersonal model. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(3), 455-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608316604
  • Hoff, E. R., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury in college students: The role of perfectionism and rumination. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 576-587. https://doi: 10.1521/suli.2009.39.6.576
  • International Society for the Study of Self-injury. (2018). What is self-injury? https://itriples.org/about-self-injury/what-is-self-injury.
  • Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate self-harm in a nonclinical population: Prevalence and psychological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(8), 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
  • Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226-239. https://doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
  • Klonsky, E. D., & Olino, T. M. (2008). Identifying clinically distinct subgroups of self-injurers young adults: A latent class analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 22-27. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.22
  • Klonsky E. D., & Glenn, K. R. (2009a). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: psychometric properties of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 215-219. https://doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z
  • Klonsky E. D., & Glenn, K. R. (2009b). Psychosocial risk and protective factors. In Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.), Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention (pp. 45-58). Routledge Press.
  • Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1981-1986. https://doi:10.1017/S0033291710002497
  • Klonsky, E. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Lewis, S. P., & Walsh, B. (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury. Hogrefe.
  • Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the ‘‘whats’’ and ‘‘whys’’ of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447-457. https://doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
  • Lundh, L. G., Karim, J., & Quilisch, E. (2007). Deliberate self-harm in 15-year-old adolescents: A pilot study with a modified version of the deliberate self-harm inventory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 33-41. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00567.x
  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gutierez, P. M. (2004). An investigation of differences between self-injurious behaviors and suicide attempts in a sample of adolescents. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 34(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.34.1.12.27769
  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2007). Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury. Archives of Suicide Research, 11, 69-82. https://doi: 10.1080/13811110600992902
  • Nixon, M. K., Cloutier, P. F., & Aggarwai, S. (2002). Affect regulation and addictive aspects of repetitive self-injury in hospitalized adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1333-1341. https://doi.10.1097/01.CHI.0000024844.60748
  • Nixon, M. K., Cloutier, P., & Jansson, M. (2008). Nonsuicidal self-harm in youth: A population-based survey. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178, 306-312. https://doi. 10.1503/cmaj.061693
  • Nixon, M. K., & Heath, N. L. (Eds.). (2009). Self-injury in youth: The essential guide to assessment and intervention. Routledge Press.
  • Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 885-890. https://doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885
  • Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 339-363. https://doi.10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image (2nd ed.). Wesleyan University Press.
  • Ross, S., & Heath, N. (2002). A study of the frequency of self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 67-77. https://doi. 0047-2891/02/0200-0067/0
  • Scoliers, G., Portzky, G., Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., de Wilde, E. J.,…, & van Heeringen, K. (2009). Reasons for adolescent deliberate self-harm: A cry of pain and/or a cry for help? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 601-607. https://doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0469-z
  • Serras, A., Saules, K. K., Cranford, J. A., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Self-injury, substance use, and associated risk factors in a multi-campus probability sample of college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 119-128. https://doi: 10.1037/a0017210
  • Spielberg, D. C. (Ed). (1972). Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. Academic Press.
  • Spielberg, D. C. (1983). State- trait anxiety inventory for adults. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
  • Tatnell, R., Kelada, L., Hasking, P. & Martin, G. (2014). Longitudinal analysis of adolescent NSSI: The role of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 885–896. https://doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9837-6
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bilge Sulak Akyüz 0000-0003-3044-3622

Christine Suniti Bhat This is me 0000-0003-3731-5615

Early Pub Date June 14, 2023
Publication Date July 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sulak Akyüz, B., & Bhat, C. S. (2023). Lifetime and Current Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among College Students. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 12(3), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1103678

All the articles published in the journal are open access and distributed under the conditions of CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License 

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Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education