Review
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Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 148 - 153, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.927101

Abstract

Tırnak kesimi sığırlarda topallıkların önlenmesinde önemli bir uygulamadır. Bu uygulama; laktasyondaki ineklerde tırnak lezyonu ve topallık oluşumunu azalttığı gibi, ilk doğumunu yapacak düvelerde de boynuz tırnak lezyonlarına karşı koruyucu bir etki sağlar. Ayak ve tırnak sağlığının sürekliliği, düzenli ve doğru yapılan tırnak kesimi ile mümkündür. Bu bağlamada, etkili tırnak kesiminin yapıldığı çiftliklerde topallıkların %25 azaldığı, uygun zamanda yapılan tırnak kesiminin topallık insidansını %50 azalttığı bildirilmiştir. Düzenli ve doğru yapılan tırnak kesimi iki önemli fayda sağlar. Birincisi; topallığa neden olabilecek lezyonlar erken safhada belirlenmiş olur. İkincisi; her bir tırnağın kendi içinde ve iki tırnak arasındaki yük dağılım dengesini sağlar ve böylece lezyon oluşumunu önler. Hatalı tırnak kesimi dünyada ve ülkemizde süt sığırlarında topallığa neden olan en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Tırnak kesimi normal bir tırnağın morfolojik ve biçimsel özellikleri dikkate alınarak yapılır. Tırnaklarda uzamaya bağlı oluşan biçimsel değişiklikler her tırnak ve hayvan için özeldir. Uzamış ve biçimsel değişikliğe uğramış tırnak normal özelliklerinin birçoğunu kaybeder. Bu nedenle tırnak kesimi alışılagelenin aksine mutlaka bu konuda eğitim almış profesyonel kişiler tarafından yapılmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, sığırlarda uygulanan tırnak kesim yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin ayak sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir.

References

  • İzci C. (2018). Sığırlarda Ayak Hastalıkları ve Topallık Kontrolü. I. Baskı, Selçuk Üniversitesi Basımevi, Konya.
  • Green LE, Hedges VJ, Schukken YH, Blowey RW, Packing¬ton AJ. (2002). The Impact of Clinical Lameness on The Milk Yield of Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 85: 2250-2256.
  • Archer SC, Green MJ, Huxley JN. (2010). Association between Milk Yield and Serial Locomotion Score Assessments in UK Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 93: 4045-4053.
  • Huxley JN. (2013). Impact of Lameness and Claw Lesions in Cows on Health and Production. Livest Sci. 156: 64-70.
  • Garbarino EJ, Hernandez JA, Shearer JK, Risco CA, Thatcher WW. (2004). Effect of Lameness on Ovarian Activity in Postpartum Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci. 87: 4123-4131.
  • Randall LV, Thomas HJ, Remnant JG, Bollard NJ, Huxley NJ. (2019). Lameness Prevalence in A Random Sample of UK Dairy Herds. Short Communication. Vet Rec. 16: 184, 11, 350.
  • Shearer J, Van Amstel S. (2013). Manual of Foot Care in Cattle. 2nd edition, W.D. Hoard and Sons Company, USA.
  • Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR. (2001). Functional and Corrective Claw Trimming. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 17: 53-72.
  • Archer SC, Newsome R, Dibble H, et al. (2015). Claw Length Recommendations for Dairy Cow Foot Trimming. Vet Rec. 177(9): 222.
  • Raven ET. (1989). Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming. Ipswich Farming Press, United Kingdom.
  • Thomas HJ, Miguel-Pacheco GG, Bollard NJ, et al. (2015). Evaluation of Treatments for Claw Horn Lesions in Dairy Cows in A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dairy Sci. 98: 4477-4486.
  • Blowey RW. (2015). Cattle Lameness and Hoof Care. 3rd Edition, Sheffield, England.
  • Daniel V. (2014). Trimmers Tool Box: Working Diverse Methods and Options for Hoof Care into A Common Goal of Attaining Healthy Feet and Satisfied Clients. Missoula (MT): Hoof Trimmers Assoc Inc.
  • Siebert L. The Kansas Hoof Trimming Method. The National Association of Cattle Foot Trimmers (NACFT). Trimmer, December, 8-13. Erişim: http://www.nacft.co.uk/downloads/Trimmer-Dec-16.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2021
  • Manske T, Hultgren J, Bergsten C. (2002). Prevalence and Interrelationships of Hoof Lesions and Lameness in Swedish Dairy Cows. Prev Vet Med. 54: 247-63.
  • Karvountzis S. Dairy Cow Hoofcare with The White Line Atlas Technique. Erişim: https://www.walesfarmer.co.uk/news/18716294. Erişim tarihi: 06.02.2021
  • Solano L, Barkema HW, Mason S, Pajor EA, LeBlanc SJ, Orsel K. (2016). Prevalence and Distribution of Foot Lesions in Dairy Cattle in Alberta, Canada. J Dairy Sci. 99: 6828-6841.
  • Stoddard GC, Cramer G. (2017). A Review of The Relationship between Hoof Trimming and Dairy Cattle Welfare. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33: 365-375.
  • Griffiths BE, Grove White D, Oikonomou G. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study into The Prevalence of Dairy Cattle Lameness and Associated Herd-Level Risk Factors in England and Wales. Front Vet Sci. 5: 65.
  • İzci C, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2018). Boynuz ve Canlı Tırnak Lezyonu (BCTL) Bulunan Süt Sığırlarında Ökçe Yastığının Ultrasonografik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 34(2): 109-16.
  • Sepuveda-Varas P, Lomb J, Von Keyserlingk MAG, Held R, Bustamante H, Tadich N. (2018). Claw Horn Lesions in Mid-Lactation Primiparous Dairy Cows Under Pasture-Based Systems: Association with Behavioral and Metabolic Changes Around Calving. J Dairy Sci. 101: 9439-9450.
  • Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR. (2017). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sole Ulcers and White Line Disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 33(2): 283-300.
  • Ossent P, Lischer CJ. (1998). Bovine Laminitis: The Lesions and Their Pathogenesis. In Pract. 20: 415-427.
  • Bicalho RC, Machado VS, Caixeta LS. (2009). Lameness in Dairy Cattle: A Debilitating Disease or A Disease of Debilitated Cattle A Cross-Sectional Study of Lameness Prevalence and Thickness of The Digital Cushion. J Dairy Sci. 92(7): 3175-3184.
  • Kumar A, Singh G. Feeding of Dam During Postpartum Period to Augment Fertility in Bovines: A Scientific Approach. Erişim: https://en.engormix.com/dairy-cattle/articles. Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2020
  • İzci C, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2011). A Study About Determining The Changes in The Structural Characteristics of The Digital Cushion in Heifer and Multipar Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Report. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 17(1): 159-162.
  • İzci C, Erol M, Çelik İ. (2014). Boynuz Tırnak Lezyonu Bulunan Düve ve Süt İneklerinde Ökçe Yastığının Yapısal Özelliklerindeki Dönemsel Değişikliklerin Belirlenmesi. Tamamlanmış TÜBİTAK Projesi (1001), Proje No: 112O332.
  • Hiss-Pesch S, Weise J, Heitkönig B, Sauerwein H. (2019). Short Communication: Adipocyte Sizes in The Digital Fat Pad and Their Relationship to Body Condition in Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 102:6551-4.
  • İzci C, Çelik İ, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2019). Histochemical and Histomorphometrical Studies on The Digital Cushion of Heifers and Dairy Cows with Claw Horn Lesions. Con Dai & Vet Sci. 2(5): 254-61.
  • Akköse M, İzci C. (2017). Süt İneklerinde Yatma Süresinin Topallıklara Etkisi ve Yatma Süresini Etkileyen Faktörler. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg. 57(1): 44-51.
  • Griffiths BE, Mahen PJ, Hall R, et al. (2020). A Prospective Cohort Study on The Development of Claw Horn Disruption Lesions in Dairy Cattle; Furthering Our Understanding of The Role of The Digital Cushion. Front Vet Sci. 7: 440.
  • Thomsen PT, Foldager L, Raundal P, Capion N. (2019). Lower Odds of Sole Ulcers in The Following Lactation in Dairy Cows that Received Hoof Trimming Around Drying Off. Vet J. 254: 105408.
  • Kofler J. (1999). Clinical Study of Toe Ulcer and Necrosis of The Apex of The Distal Phalanx in 53 Cattle. Vet J. 157(2): 139-147.
  • Leach KA, Tisdall DA, Bell NJ, Main DCJ, Green LE. (2012). The Effects of Early Treatment for Hindlimb Lameness in Dairy Cows on Four Commercial UK Farms. Vet J. 193: 626-632.
  • Thorup VM, Do Nascimento OF, Skjoth F, et al. (2014). Short Communication: Changes in Gait Symmetry in Healthy and Lame Dairy Cows Based on 3-Dimensional Ground Reaction Force Curves Following Claw Trimming. J Dairy Sci. 97: 7679-7684.
  • Coetzee JF, Shearer JK, Stock ML, Kleinhenz MD, Van Amstel SR. (2017). An Update on The Assessment and Management of Pain Associated with Lameness in Cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33(2): 389-411.
  • Thomas HJ, Remnant JG, Bollard NJ, et al. (2016). Recovery of Chronically Lame Dairy Cows Following Treatment for Claw Horn Lesions: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Vet Rec. 178(5): 116.
  • Passos LT, Cruz EA, Fischer V, et al. (2017). Dairy Cows Change Locomotion Score and Sensitivity to Pain with Trimming and Infectious or Non-Infectious Lesions. Trop Anim Health Prod. 49: 851-856.
  • İzci C. (2013). Tırnak Kesimi Nasıl Yapılır? Sığırlarda Topallık ve Ayak Hastalıkları Sempozyumu, 26-27 Nisan, Kervansaray Termal Otel, Bursa.
  • Miguel-Pacheco GG, Thomas HJ, Huxley JN, Newsome RF, Kaler J. (2017). Effect of Claw Horn Lesion Type and Severity at The Time of Treatment on Outcome of Lameness in Dairy Cows. Vet J. 225: 16-22.
  • Bell NJ, Bell MJ, Knowles TG, Whay HR, Main DCJ, Webster AJF. (2009). The Development, Implementation and Testing of A Lameness Control Programme Based on HACCP Principles and Designed for Heifers on Dairy Farms. Vet J. 180: 178-188.
  • Wells SJ, Garber LP, Wagner BA. (1999). Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis and Associated Risk Factors in US Dairy Herds. Prev Vet Med. 38: 11-24.
  • Somers J, Frankena K, Noordhuizen-Stassen EN, Metz JHM. (2005). Risk Factors for Digital Dermatitis in Dairy Cows Kept in Cubicle Houses in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med. 71: 11-21.
  • Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJM, Frankena K. (2006). Herd and Cow Level Prevalence of Digital Dermatitis in The Netherlands and Associated Risk Factors. J Dairy Sci. 89: 580-588.
  • Yamamoto T, Manabe H, Okada K. (2018). Combination Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Hoof Trimming on Bovine Digital Dermatitis. J Vet Med Sci. 80: 1080-1085.
  • Burgi K. The Fundamentals for Good Hoof Health, Dairyland Hoof Care Institute, Inc. Erişim: https://www.wiagribusiness.org/fourstatedairy. Erişim tarihi: 22.02 20121
  • Yang DA, Laven RA, Heuer C, Vink WD, Chesterton RN. (2018). Farm Level Risk Factors for Bovine Digital Dermatitis in Taranaki, New Zealand: An Analysis Using A Bayesian Hurdle Model. Vet J. 234: 91-5.
  • Gillespie A, Evans N. (2020). Infection Reservoirs and Transmission of Digital Dermatitis in The Dairy Herd. Livestock. 25(3): 118-124.
  • Sullivan LE, Blowey RW, Carter SD, et al. (2014). Presence of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes on Cattle and Sheep Hoof Trimming Equipment. Vet Rec. 175:201.
  • Kofler J. (2017). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Toe Lesions in Cattle Including “Nonhealing” Toe Lesions. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33: 301-328.
  • Schulz T, Gundelach Y, Feldman M, Hoedmaker M. (2016). Early Detection and Treatment of Lame Cows. Tierarztl Prax. 44: 5-11.
  • Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG. (2019). Lameness During The Dry Period: Epidemiology and Associated Factors. J Dairy Sci. 102: 11414-11427.
  • Gomez A, Cook NB, Rieman J, et al. (2015). The Effect of Digital Dermatitis on Hoof Conformation. J Dairy Sci. 98: 927-936.
  • Huxley J, Archer S, Bell N, et al. (2012). Control of Lameness. In Dairy Herd Health Edited by Martin Green. 169-204.
  • FAWC (1993). Report on Priorities for Animal Welfare: Research and Development. Farm Animal Welfare Council, London, 4-14.
Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 148 - 153, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.927101

Abstract

References

  • İzci C. (2018). Sığırlarda Ayak Hastalıkları ve Topallık Kontrolü. I. Baskı, Selçuk Üniversitesi Basımevi, Konya.
  • Green LE, Hedges VJ, Schukken YH, Blowey RW, Packing¬ton AJ. (2002). The Impact of Clinical Lameness on The Milk Yield of Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 85: 2250-2256.
  • Archer SC, Green MJ, Huxley JN. (2010). Association between Milk Yield and Serial Locomotion Score Assessments in UK Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 93: 4045-4053.
  • Huxley JN. (2013). Impact of Lameness and Claw Lesions in Cows on Health and Production. Livest Sci. 156: 64-70.
  • Garbarino EJ, Hernandez JA, Shearer JK, Risco CA, Thatcher WW. (2004). Effect of Lameness on Ovarian Activity in Postpartum Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci. 87: 4123-4131.
  • Randall LV, Thomas HJ, Remnant JG, Bollard NJ, Huxley NJ. (2019). Lameness Prevalence in A Random Sample of UK Dairy Herds. Short Communication. Vet Rec. 16: 184, 11, 350.
  • Shearer J, Van Amstel S. (2013). Manual of Foot Care in Cattle. 2nd edition, W.D. Hoard and Sons Company, USA.
  • Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR. (2001). Functional and Corrective Claw Trimming. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 17: 53-72.
  • Archer SC, Newsome R, Dibble H, et al. (2015). Claw Length Recommendations for Dairy Cow Foot Trimming. Vet Rec. 177(9): 222.
  • Raven ET. (1989). Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming. Ipswich Farming Press, United Kingdom.
  • Thomas HJ, Miguel-Pacheco GG, Bollard NJ, et al. (2015). Evaluation of Treatments for Claw Horn Lesions in Dairy Cows in A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dairy Sci. 98: 4477-4486.
  • Blowey RW. (2015). Cattle Lameness and Hoof Care. 3rd Edition, Sheffield, England.
  • Daniel V. (2014). Trimmers Tool Box: Working Diverse Methods and Options for Hoof Care into A Common Goal of Attaining Healthy Feet and Satisfied Clients. Missoula (MT): Hoof Trimmers Assoc Inc.
  • Siebert L. The Kansas Hoof Trimming Method. The National Association of Cattle Foot Trimmers (NACFT). Trimmer, December, 8-13. Erişim: http://www.nacft.co.uk/downloads/Trimmer-Dec-16.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2021
  • Manske T, Hultgren J, Bergsten C. (2002). Prevalence and Interrelationships of Hoof Lesions and Lameness in Swedish Dairy Cows. Prev Vet Med. 54: 247-63.
  • Karvountzis S. Dairy Cow Hoofcare with The White Line Atlas Technique. Erişim: https://www.walesfarmer.co.uk/news/18716294. Erişim tarihi: 06.02.2021
  • Solano L, Barkema HW, Mason S, Pajor EA, LeBlanc SJ, Orsel K. (2016). Prevalence and Distribution of Foot Lesions in Dairy Cattle in Alberta, Canada. J Dairy Sci. 99: 6828-6841.
  • Stoddard GC, Cramer G. (2017). A Review of The Relationship between Hoof Trimming and Dairy Cattle Welfare. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33: 365-375.
  • Griffiths BE, Grove White D, Oikonomou G. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study into The Prevalence of Dairy Cattle Lameness and Associated Herd-Level Risk Factors in England and Wales. Front Vet Sci. 5: 65.
  • İzci C, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2018). Boynuz ve Canlı Tırnak Lezyonu (BCTL) Bulunan Süt Sığırlarında Ökçe Yastığının Ultrasonografik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 34(2): 109-16.
  • Sepuveda-Varas P, Lomb J, Von Keyserlingk MAG, Held R, Bustamante H, Tadich N. (2018). Claw Horn Lesions in Mid-Lactation Primiparous Dairy Cows Under Pasture-Based Systems: Association with Behavioral and Metabolic Changes Around Calving. J Dairy Sci. 101: 9439-9450.
  • Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR. (2017). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sole Ulcers and White Line Disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 33(2): 283-300.
  • Ossent P, Lischer CJ. (1998). Bovine Laminitis: The Lesions and Their Pathogenesis. In Pract. 20: 415-427.
  • Bicalho RC, Machado VS, Caixeta LS. (2009). Lameness in Dairy Cattle: A Debilitating Disease or A Disease of Debilitated Cattle A Cross-Sectional Study of Lameness Prevalence and Thickness of The Digital Cushion. J Dairy Sci. 92(7): 3175-3184.
  • Kumar A, Singh G. Feeding of Dam During Postpartum Period to Augment Fertility in Bovines: A Scientific Approach. Erişim: https://en.engormix.com/dairy-cattle/articles. Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2020
  • İzci C, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2011). A Study About Determining The Changes in The Structural Characteristics of The Digital Cushion in Heifer and Multipar Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Report. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 17(1): 159-162.
  • İzci C, Erol M, Çelik İ. (2014). Boynuz Tırnak Lezyonu Bulunan Düve ve Süt İneklerinde Ökçe Yastığının Yapısal Özelliklerindeki Dönemsel Değişikliklerin Belirlenmesi. Tamamlanmış TÜBİTAK Projesi (1001), Proje No: 112O332.
  • Hiss-Pesch S, Weise J, Heitkönig B, Sauerwein H. (2019). Short Communication: Adipocyte Sizes in The Digital Fat Pad and Their Relationship to Body Condition in Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 102:6551-4.
  • İzci C, Çelik İ, Erol M, Gökşahin E. (2019). Histochemical and Histomorphometrical Studies on The Digital Cushion of Heifers and Dairy Cows with Claw Horn Lesions. Con Dai & Vet Sci. 2(5): 254-61.
  • Akköse M, İzci C. (2017). Süt İneklerinde Yatma Süresinin Topallıklara Etkisi ve Yatma Süresini Etkileyen Faktörler. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg. 57(1): 44-51.
  • Griffiths BE, Mahen PJ, Hall R, et al. (2020). A Prospective Cohort Study on The Development of Claw Horn Disruption Lesions in Dairy Cattle; Furthering Our Understanding of The Role of The Digital Cushion. Front Vet Sci. 7: 440.
  • Thomsen PT, Foldager L, Raundal P, Capion N. (2019). Lower Odds of Sole Ulcers in The Following Lactation in Dairy Cows that Received Hoof Trimming Around Drying Off. Vet J. 254: 105408.
  • Kofler J. (1999). Clinical Study of Toe Ulcer and Necrosis of The Apex of The Distal Phalanx in 53 Cattle. Vet J. 157(2): 139-147.
  • Leach KA, Tisdall DA, Bell NJ, Main DCJ, Green LE. (2012). The Effects of Early Treatment for Hindlimb Lameness in Dairy Cows on Four Commercial UK Farms. Vet J. 193: 626-632.
  • Thorup VM, Do Nascimento OF, Skjoth F, et al. (2014). Short Communication: Changes in Gait Symmetry in Healthy and Lame Dairy Cows Based on 3-Dimensional Ground Reaction Force Curves Following Claw Trimming. J Dairy Sci. 97: 7679-7684.
  • Coetzee JF, Shearer JK, Stock ML, Kleinhenz MD, Van Amstel SR. (2017). An Update on The Assessment and Management of Pain Associated with Lameness in Cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33(2): 389-411.
  • Thomas HJ, Remnant JG, Bollard NJ, et al. (2016). Recovery of Chronically Lame Dairy Cows Following Treatment for Claw Horn Lesions: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Vet Rec. 178(5): 116.
  • Passos LT, Cruz EA, Fischer V, et al. (2017). Dairy Cows Change Locomotion Score and Sensitivity to Pain with Trimming and Infectious or Non-Infectious Lesions. Trop Anim Health Prod. 49: 851-856.
  • İzci C. (2013). Tırnak Kesimi Nasıl Yapılır? Sığırlarda Topallık ve Ayak Hastalıkları Sempozyumu, 26-27 Nisan, Kervansaray Termal Otel, Bursa.
  • Miguel-Pacheco GG, Thomas HJ, Huxley JN, Newsome RF, Kaler J. (2017). Effect of Claw Horn Lesion Type and Severity at The Time of Treatment on Outcome of Lameness in Dairy Cows. Vet J. 225: 16-22.
  • Bell NJ, Bell MJ, Knowles TG, Whay HR, Main DCJ, Webster AJF. (2009). The Development, Implementation and Testing of A Lameness Control Programme Based on HACCP Principles and Designed for Heifers on Dairy Farms. Vet J. 180: 178-188.
  • Wells SJ, Garber LP, Wagner BA. (1999). Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis and Associated Risk Factors in US Dairy Herds. Prev Vet Med. 38: 11-24.
  • Somers J, Frankena K, Noordhuizen-Stassen EN, Metz JHM. (2005). Risk Factors for Digital Dermatitis in Dairy Cows Kept in Cubicle Houses in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med. 71: 11-21.
  • Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJM, Frankena K. (2006). Herd and Cow Level Prevalence of Digital Dermatitis in The Netherlands and Associated Risk Factors. J Dairy Sci. 89: 580-588.
  • Yamamoto T, Manabe H, Okada K. (2018). Combination Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Hoof Trimming on Bovine Digital Dermatitis. J Vet Med Sci. 80: 1080-1085.
  • Burgi K. The Fundamentals for Good Hoof Health, Dairyland Hoof Care Institute, Inc. Erişim: https://www.wiagribusiness.org/fourstatedairy. Erişim tarihi: 22.02 20121
  • Yang DA, Laven RA, Heuer C, Vink WD, Chesterton RN. (2018). Farm Level Risk Factors for Bovine Digital Dermatitis in Taranaki, New Zealand: An Analysis Using A Bayesian Hurdle Model. Vet J. 234: 91-5.
  • Gillespie A, Evans N. (2020). Infection Reservoirs and Transmission of Digital Dermatitis in The Dairy Herd. Livestock. 25(3): 118-124.
  • Sullivan LE, Blowey RW, Carter SD, et al. (2014). Presence of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes on Cattle and Sheep Hoof Trimming Equipment. Vet Rec. 175:201.
  • Kofler J. (2017). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Toe Lesions in Cattle Including “Nonhealing” Toe Lesions. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 33: 301-328.
  • Schulz T, Gundelach Y, Feldman M, Hoedmaker M. (2016). Early Detection and Treatment of Lame Cows. Tierarztl Prax. 44: 5-11.
  • Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG. (2019). Lameness During The Dry Period: Epidemiology and Associated Factors. J Dairy Sci. 102: 11414-11427.
  • Gomez A, Cook NB, Rieman J, et al. (2015). The Effect of Digital Dermatitis on Hoof Conformation. J Dairy Sci. 98: 927-936.
  • Huxley J, Archer S, Bell N, et al. (2012). Control of Lameness. In Dairy Herd Health Edited by Martin Green. 169-204.
  • FAWC (1993). Report on Priorities for Animal Welfare: Research and Development. Farm Animal Welfare Council, London, 4-14.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Celal İzci 0000-0003-0207-4575

Kadir Sulu 0000-0002-7246-8185

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date June 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İzci, C., & Sulu, K. (2021). Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.927101
AMA İzci C, Sulu K. Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. December 2021;14(2):148-153. doi:10.47027/duvetfd.927101
Chicago İzci, Celal, and Kadir Sulu. “Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı Ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 2 (December 2021): 148-53. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.927101.
EndNote İzci C, Sulu K (December 1, 2021) Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 14 2 148–153.
IEEE C. İzci and K. Sulu, “Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 148–153, 2021, doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.927101.
ISNAD İzci, Celal - Sulu, Kadir. “Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı Ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (December 2021), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.927101.
JAMA İzci C, Sulu K. Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2021;14:148–153.
MLA İzci, Celal and Kadir Sulu. “Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı Ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, 2021, pp. 148-53, doi:10.47027/duvetfd.927101.
Vancouver İzci C, Sulu K. Süt Sığırlarında Tırnak Kesimi: Ayak Sağlığı ve Topallığa Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2021;14(2):148-53.