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Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik İyi Oluşları ile Üstbilişsel (Metakognitif) Düşünme ve Ruminatif Düşünceleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelemesi

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 64 - 81, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1028294

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluşları ile üstbilişsel (metakognitif) düşünme ve ruminatif düşünceleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Programı’nda öğrenim gören 175 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, analiz aşamasında betimsel istatistikler, Bağımsız Örneklemler İçin t-Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson Çarpım Moment Korelasyon Katsayısı tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları öğrencilerin üstbilişsel düşünme düzeyi yükseldikçe psikolojik iyi oluşlarının düştüğünü göstermektedir. Ek olarak ruminatif düşünce düzeyi yüksek olan öğrencilerin üstbilişsel düşünme düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcı grubunun psikolojik iyi oluşları cinsiyet, sınıf ve psikolojik tanı alma / almama durumuna göre değişmemektedir. Sonuç olarak üniversite öğrencilerinin "olayların değerlendirilmesini etkileyen düşüncelere ilişkin bazı olumsuz inançlara sahip olma" olarak tanımlanan olumsuz üstbilişsel düşünmeleri ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki olduğu ve üstbiliş düşünmenin ruminatif düşünceler ile anlamlı ve pozitif ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

References

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  • Batmaz, S. (2015). Metakognitif Terapi: Uygulama ve etkinlik. Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri - Özel Konular, 8(2), 33-38.
  • Borden, W., & Berlin, S. (1990). Gender, coping, and psychological well-being in spouses of older adults with chronic dementia. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(4), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079209
  • Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science. 9(6), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9280.00082
  • Böke, Ö., Pazvantoğlu, O., Babadağı, Z., Ünverdi, E., Ay, R. Çetin E., & Şahin, A. R. (2015). Panik bozukluğunda üst bilişler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.155782
  • Brinker, J., & Dozois, D. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
  • Brown, A. (1978). Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. In R. Glasser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Capobianco, L., Faija, C., Husain, Z., & Wells, A. (2020). Metacognitive beliefs and their relationship with anxiety and depression in physical illnesses: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(9): e0238457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238457
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic Motivation. Plenum.
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  • Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(1), 25-41.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-w., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. In E. Diener (Ed.), Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 247–266). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
  • Doğru, N. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin stres, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve sosyal destek değişkenleri bakımından incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Durak-Batıgün, A., & Atay-Kayış, A. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde stres faktörleri: Kişilerarası ilişki tarzları ve problem çözme becerileri açısından bir değerlendirme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 69-80.
  • Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.
  • Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th Ed). McGraw-Hill.
  • Gkika, S., Wittkowski, A., & Wells, A. (2017). Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2127
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  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2001). The relationship between life satisfaction, self-consciousness, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory dimensions. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135(4), 439-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603710
  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2010). Insight, rumination, and self-reflection as predictors of well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 145(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2010.528072
  • Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Well-being: Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Kaplan, G. A., Shema, S. J., & Leite, C. M. A. (2008). Socioeconomic determinants of psychological well-being: The role of income, income change, and income sources during the course of 29 years. Annals of Epidemiology, 18(7), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.006
  • Karatepe, H. (2010). Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yayımlanmamış Psikiyatri Uzmanlık Tezi]. İstanbul Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğtim ve Araştırma Hastanesi.
  • Kermen, U., İlçin Tosun, N., & Doğan, U. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik iyi oluşun yordayıcısı olarak sosyal kaygı. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 20-29.
  • Keyes, C., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
  • Kim, L., & Jang, J. (2020). The structural relationships among optimism, distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and psychological well-being on undergraduates exposed to loss. Korean Journal of Stress Research, 28(3), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.17547/KJSR.2020.28.3.107
  • Kumcağız, H., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Relationship between psychological well-being and smartphone addiction of university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p144
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer Jr. (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts (pp. 1-47). Erlbaum.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259
  • Özgüç, S. (2020). Depresyon hastalarina verilen üstbiliş eğitiminin depresyon ve bilişsel çarpitma düzeylerine etkisi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Gaziantep Üniversitesi.
  • Palmieri, S., Mansueto, G., Scaini, S., Fiore, F., Sassaroli, S., Ruggiero, G. M., Borlimi, R., & Carducci, B. J. (2018). Role of rumination in the relationship between metacognition and shyness. World Journal of Psychiatry, 8(4), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v8.i4.108
  • Reeder, C., Rexhepi-Johansson, T., & Wykes, T. (2010). Different components of metacognition and their relationship to psychotic-like experiences. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990403
  • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
  • Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Sarı, T., & Çakır, S. (2016). Mutluluk korkusu ile öznel ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı 2), 222-229.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Sheppard, L., & Teasdale, J. (2004). How does dysfunctional thinking decrease during recovery from major depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.64
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.003
  • Spada, M., Mohiyeddini, C., & Wells, A. (2008). Measuring metacognitions associated with emotional distress: Factor structure and predictive validity of The Metacognitions Questionnaire 30. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 238-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.04.005
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  • Tosun, A., & Irak, M. (2008). Üstbiliş Ölçeği-30’un Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerliği, güvenirliği, kaygı ve obsesif-kompülsif belirtilerle ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(1), 67-80.
  • Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
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An Investigation of the Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Metacognitive Thinking and Ruminative Thoughts of University Student

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 64 - 81, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1028294

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the psychological well-being and the metacognitive thinking and ruminative thoughts of university students. The study group consists of 175 students studying at Trakya University Faculty of Education Guidance and Psychological Counselling Program in the 2019-2020 academic year. The study was conducted by using the correlational model of quantitative research methods such as descriptive statistics, Independent Sample t-Test, One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA), and Pearson Correlation Coefficient techniques. The findings of the study show that the higher the metacognitive thinking level of the students, the lower their psychological well-being. In addition it is seen that students with high ruminative thinking levels also have high metacognitive thinking levels. Psychological well-being of the participant group does not change according to gender, grade level and whether or not to receive a psychological diagnosis. As a result it can be said that there is a significant and negative relationship between university students' negative metacognitive thinking, which is defined as "having some negative beliefs about thoughts that affect the evaluation of events", and their psychological well-being, and negative metacognitive thinking have a significant and positive relationship with ruminative thoughts.

References

  • Atak, H., & Çok, F. (2010). İnsan yaşamında yeni bir dönem: Beliren yetişkinlik. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(1), 39-50.
  • Batmaz, S. (2015). Metakognitif Terapi: Uygulama ve etkinlik. Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri - Özel Konular, 8(2), 33-38.
  • Borden, W., & Berlin, S. (1990). Gender, coping, and psychological well-being in spouses of older adults with chronic dementia. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(4), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079209
  • Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science. 9(6), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9280.00082
  • Böke, Ö., Pazvantoğlu, O., Babadağı, Z., Ünverdi, E., Ay, R. Çetin E., & Şahin, A. R. (2015). Panik bozukluğunda üst bilişler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.155782
  • Brinker, J., & Dozois, D. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
  • Brown, A. (1978). Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. In R. Glasser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Capobianco, L., Faija, C., Husain, Z., & Wells, A. (2020). Metacognitive beliefs and their relationship with anxiety and depression in physical illnesses: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(9): e0238457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238457
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic Motivation. Plenum.
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(1), 25-41.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-w., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. In E. Diener (Ed.), Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 247–266). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
  • Doğru, N. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin stres, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve sosyal destek değişkenleri bakımından incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Durak-Batıgün, A., & Atay-Kayış, A. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde stres faktörleri: Kişilerarası ilişki tarzları ve problem çözme becerileri açısından bir değerlendirme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 69-80.
  • Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.
  • Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th Ed). McGraw-Hill.
  • Gkika, S., Wittkowski, A., & Wells, A. (2017). Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2127
  • Gülyüksel Akdağ, F., & Cihangir Çankaya, Z. (2015). Evli bireylerde psikolojik iyi oluşun yordanması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3), 646-662. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.67613
  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2001). The relationship between life satisfaction, self-consciousness, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory dimensions. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135(4), 439-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603710
  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2010). Insight, rumination, and self-reflection as predictors of well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 145(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2010.528072
  • Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Well-being: Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Kaplan, G. A., Shema, S. J., & Leite, C. M. A. (2008). Socioeconomic determinants of psychological well-being: The role of income, income change, and income sources during the course of 29 years. Annals of Epidemiology, 18(7), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.006
  • Karatepe, H. (2010). Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yayımlanmamış Psikiyatri Uzmanlık Tezi]. İstanbul Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğtim ve Araştırma Hastanesi.
  • Kermen, U., İlçin Tosun, N., & Doğan, U. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik iyi oluşun yordayıcısı olarak sosyal kaygı. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 20-29.
  • Keyes, C., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
  • Kim, L., & Jang, J. (2020). The structural relationships among optimism, distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and psychological well-being on undergraduates exposed to loss. Korean Journal of Stress Research, 28(3), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.17547/KJSR.2020.28.3.107
  • Kumcağız, H., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Relationship between psychological well-being and smartphone addiction of university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p144
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer Jr. (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts (pp. 1-47). Erlbaum.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259
  • Özgüç, S. (2020). Depresyon hastalarina verilen üstbiliş eğitiminin depresyon ve bilişsel çarpitma düzeylerine etkisi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Gaziantep Üniversitesi.
  • Palmieri, S., Mansueto, G., Scaini, S., Fiore, F., Sassaroli, S., Ruggiero, G. M., Borlimi, R., & Carducci, B. J. (2018). Role of rumination in the relationship between metacognition and shyness. World Journal of Psychiatry, 8(4), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v8.i4.108
  • Reeder, C., Rexhepi-Johansson, T., & Wykes, T. (2010). Different components of metacognition and their relationship to psychotic-like experiences. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990403
  • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
  • Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Sarı, T., & Çakır, S. (2016). Mutluluk korkusu ile öznel ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı 2), 222-229.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Sheppard, L., & Teasdale, J. (2004). How does dysfunctional thinking decrease during recovery from major depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.64
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.003
  • Spada, M., Mohiyeddini, C., & Wells, A. (2008). Measuring metacognitions associated with emotional distress: Factor structure and predictive validity of The Metacognitions Questionnaire 30. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 238-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.04.005
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Ed.). Pearson Education.
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384.
  • Tosun, A., & Irak, M. (2008). Üstbiliş Ölçeği-30’un Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerliği, güvenirliği, kaygı ve obsesif-kompülsif belirtilerle ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(1), 67-80.
  • Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Levent Göller 0000-0002-3725-6398

Fatmagül Gürbüz 0000-0001-9101-5889

Early Pub Date February 24, 2022
Publication Date February 28, 2022
Submission Date November 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Göller, L., & Gürbüz, F. (2022). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik İyi Oluşları ile Üstbilişsel (Metakognitif) Düşünme ve Ruminatif Düşünceleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelemesi. Humanistic Perspective, 4(1), 64-81. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1028294

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Humanistic Perspective - 2019

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