Düşük Maliyetli GNSS Alıcılarının Çoklu-GNSS PPP Performanslarının Farklı Anten Tipleri ve Ağırlık Modellerine Göre Araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 360 - 373, 29.04.2024

Sinan Birinci Furkan Soğukkuyu Nezir Sözen Mustafa İkiz Miray Ezgi Kerimoğlu Halis Saka

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1380478

Öz

Düşük maliyetli GNSS donanımlarındaki güncel gelişmeler hassas konum belirleme uygulamalarında jeodezik donanımlara güçlü bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu donanımlar hem ekonomik hem de boyut olarak kullanıcılara birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Ancak tasarım yapısı itibariyle ve çok yolluluk etkisine daha fazla duyarlı olmalarından dolayı gözlemlerdeki gürültü seviyesi artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Hassas Nokta Konumlama (PPP) çözümlerinde güvenilir bir kestirim sonucu için gözlemlerin uygun ağırlıklandırılması kritik önem teşkil eder. Bu çalışmada ana hedef olarak düşük maliyetli alıcı ve antenler için uygun ağırlıklandırma modeli araştırılmıştır. Deneysel bir düzenekle, çift frekanslı çoklu-GNSS gözlemleri toplayabilen düşük maliyetli u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS alıcısının PPP performansı farklı anten tiplerinin etkileri incelenecek şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, birbirine yakın iki sabit noktada, bu alıcılardan birine jeodezik NovAtel 702 anteni, diğerine ise düşük maliyetli u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 anteni bağlanarak eş zamanlı olarak GNSS verileri toplanmıştır. PPP çözümleri, uydu yükseklik açısına ve taşıyıcı-gürültü yoğunluk oranı (carrier-to-noise density ratio-C/N0)’a bağlı ağırlıklandırma modelleri kullanılarak; dört farklı GNSS kombinasyonuyla (GPS (G), GPS+GLONASS (GR), GPS+GLONASS+Galileo (GRE) ve GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BDS-2 (GREC)) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; NovAtel 702 anteni çözümlerinde ağırlıklandırma modelleri arasında anlamlı farklar not edilmezken; GRE ve GREC kombinasyonlarında yaklaşık olarak 20 dk yakınsama süresinden sonra 3 boyutta 7 cm konumlama doğruluğu üretilmiştir. U-blox ANN-MB-00-00 anteni sonuçlarında ise C/N0 tabanlı ağırlıklandırma modeli yükseklik açısına bağlı ağırlıklandırma modelinden daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu antende en iyi sonuç, 66,36 dk yakınsama süresi ve 3 boyutta 8,42 cm doğruluk ile GREC kombinasyonu ve C/N0 ağırlık modeli kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Statik PPP, Düşük Maliyetli GNSS Alıcısı, Konumlama Doğruluğu, GNSS Anteni, Ağırlık Modeli, C/N0

Investigation of Multi-GNSS PPP Performance of Low-Cost GNSS Receivers with Different Antenna Types and Weight Models

Öz

Recent developments in low-cost GNSS equipment offer a powerful alternative to geodetic equipment for precise positioning applications. The low-cost equipment has many advantages to users both economically and in terms of size. However, the noise level in the observations increases because they are more sensitive to the multipath effect. Thus, the appropriate weighting of observations is critical for an efficient and reliable estimation result in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions. The main objective of the study is to investigate the appropriate weighting model for low-cost antennas and receivers. In an experimental setup, the PPP performance of a low-cost u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS receiver capable of collecting dual-frequency multi-GNSS observations is examined by analyzing the effects of different antenna types. For this purpose, GNSS data were collected simultaneously at two fixed points close to each other by connecting a geodetic NovAtel 702 antenna to one of these receivers and a low-cost u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 antenna to the other. PPP solutions were carried out with four different GNSS combinations using weighting models based on satellite elevation angle and carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0). According to the results of this study, there were no significant differences in the weighting models for the NovAtel 702 antenna solutions, while the GRE and GREC combinations generated a positioning accuracy of 7 cm in 3D after a convergence time of approximately 20 minutes. For the U-blox antenna results, the C/N0-based weighting model outperformed the elevation angle-based weighting model. The best result for this antenna was obtained using the GREC combination and the C/N0 weight model with a convergence time of 66.36 min and an accuracy of 8.42 cm in 3D.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Statik PPP, Low-cost GNSS Receiver, Positioning Accuracy, Weight Model, C/N0

Kaynakça

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