Araştırma Makalesi
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Covid 19 Sürecinde Acil Uzaktan Öğretime Devam Eden Öğrenci Gruplarının Araştırma Topluluğuna Evrilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 3, 747 - 775, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.947964

Öz

Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle oldukça hazırlıksız başlayan acil uzaktan eğitimin etkililiği tüm dünyada sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal, bilişsel ve öğretimsel buradalık algısının acil uzaktan eğitimdeki durumu araştırılmıştır. Araştırma nicel boyutta ilişkisel tarama modeli, nitel boyutta durum çalışmasının olduğu karma araştırma yönteminde yürütülmüştür. Veriler araştırma topluluğu ölçeği, demografik bilgiler formu ve katılımcıların deneyimlerine ilişkin görüşlerinin yoklandığı açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan çevrimiçi bir araçla toplanmıştır. Çalışma grubu 153 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Grubun %83.7’si kadın (n = 128) ve %16.3’ü erkek (n = 25); yaş ortalaması ise 21’dir. Cinsiyet ve öğrenme yönetim sistemlerinin öğretimsel, bilişsel ve sosyal buradalık üzerindeki etkisi Mann Withey-U ve bu üç öge arasındaki ilişki Spearman Brown katsayısı ile incelenmiştir. Öğrenci görüşleri betimsel analizle incelenmiş ve ölçek faktörlerini temele alan bir yaklaşımla kodlanarak doğrudan alıntılarla rapor edilmiştir. Sonuçta öğrencilerin öğretimsel buradalık puanlarının diğer buradalıklardan daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bilişsel buradalığın, öğretimsel buradalık ile pozitif yönlü ve yüksek bir ilişki gösterdiği, buna ek olarak sosyal buradalık ile orta düzeyli ve pozitif bir ilişkisinin olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca bilişsel ve öğretimsel buradalık cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklılaşmış; öğrenme yönetim sistemlerine göre üç buradalıkta da anlamlı bir fark oluşmamıştır. Öğrencilerin %47’si yüz yüze, %45.8’i karma buna karşın sadece %7.2’si tamamen çevrimiçi öğretimi tercih etmişlerdir.

Kaynakça

  • Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2008). The development of a community of inquiry over time in an online course: Understanding the progression and integration of social, cognitive and teaching presence. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12, 3-22.
  • Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry. The Internet and Higher Education, 14(3), 183-190.
  • Alaulamie, L. A. (2014).Teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence as predictors of students' satisfaction in an çevrimiçi program at a Saudi University(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved fromhttps://etd.ohiolink.edu/.
  • Anderson, T., Liam, R., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a computer conferencing context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5(2).
  • Arastaman, G., FİDAN, İ. Ö., ve Fidan, T. (2018). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik: Kuramsal bir inceleme. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 37-75.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (13.Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Cevahir, E. (2020). SPSS ile Nicel Veri Analizi Rehberi. Kibele, İstanbul
  • Cleveland-Innes, M., Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. (2018). The community of inquiry theoretical framework: Implications for distance education and beyond. In Handbook of distance education (pp. 67-78). Routledge.
  • Cohen, J. (1992) Quantitative Methods in Psychology: A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  • Çakıroğlu, Ü., & Kılıç, S. (2020). Understanding community in synchronous çevrimiçi learning: do perceptions match behaviours?. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 35(2), 105-121.
  • Erickson, M., & Wattiaux, M. A. (2021). Practices and perceptions at the COVİD‐19 transition in undergraduate animal science courses. Natural Sciences Education, 50(1).
  • Ertmer, P. A., A. Sadaf, and D. J. Ertmer. 2011. Studentcontent interactions in online courses:The role of question prompts in facilitating higherlevel engagement with course content. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 23 (2–3):157–86.
  • Fırat, M., Yurdakul, İ. ve Ersoy, A . (2014). Bir Eğitim Teknolojisi Araştırmasına Dayalı Olarak Karma Yöntem Araştırması Deneyimi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2 (1), 64-85.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2009). Implications of çevrimiçi learning for the conceptual development and practice of distance education. Journal of Distance Education, 23(2), 93-104.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2016). E-learning in the 21st century: A community of inquiry framework for research and practice. Taylor & Francis.
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of distance education, 15(1), 7-23.
  • Gibson, A., Ice, P., Mitchell, R., & Kupczynski, L. (2012). An inquiry into relationships between demographic factors and teaching, social, and cognitive presence. Internet Learning, 1(1), 7-17.
  • Gunawardena, C. N. (1995). Social presence theory and implications for interaction and collaborative learning in computer conferences. International journal of educational telecommunications, 1(2), 147-166.
  • Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C. A., & Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of a global çevrimiçi debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(4), 397–431.
  • Gutiérrez-Santiuste, E., Rodríguez-Sabiote, C., & Gallego-Arrufat, M. J. (2015). Cognitive presence through social and teaching presence in communities of inquiry: A correlational–predictive study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(3).
  • Harasim, L. (2006). Assessing Çevrimiçi Collaborative Learning: A Theory, Methodology , and Toolset. In B. Khan, (Ed.) Flexible Learning in an Information Society. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and çevrimiçi learning. Educause Review, 27, 1-12.
  • Iglesias-Pradas, S., Hernández-García, Á., Chaparro-Peláez, J., & Prieto, J. L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and students’ academic performance in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106713
  • Karadağ, E, Yucel, C. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs Pandemisi Döneminde Üniversitelerde Uzaktan Eğitim: Lisans Öğrencileri Kapsamında Bir Değerlendirme Çalışması. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10 (2) , 181-192.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Karasar, N. (2005) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara: Nobel
  • Kartal, Mahmut. (2006), Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Hipotez Testleri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (post-hoc) teknikleri. Journal of Social Science, 19(1), 51-64.
  • Khodabandelou, R., Ab Jalil, H., Wan Ali, W. Z., & bin Mohd Daud, S. (2014). Moderation Effect of Gender on Relationship between Community of Inquiry and Perceived Learning in Blended Learning Environments. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(3), 257-271.
  • Kozan, K., & Richardson, J. C. (2014). Interrelationships between and among social, teaching, and cognitive presence. The Internet and higher education, 21, 68-73.
  • Köklü, N. Büyüköztürk, Ş.ve Bökeoğlu Ç.Ö. (2006). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem A yayıncılık
  • McLoughlin, D., & Mynard, J. (2009). An analysis of higher order thinking in online discussions. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46(2), 147-160.
  • MEB (2020) Bakan Selçuk, 23 Mart'ta Başlayacak Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Detayları Anlattı. https://www.meb.gov.tr/bakan-selcuk-23-martta-baslayacak-uzaktan-egitime-iliskin-detaylari-anlatti/haber/20554/tr. 25 Mart 2020 Tarihinde Erişilmiştir.
  • Morueta, R. T., López, P. M., Gómez, Á. H., & Harris, V. W. (2016). Exploring social and cognitive presences in communities of inquiry to perform higher cognitive tasks. The Internet and Higher Education, 31, 122-131.
  • Öztürk, E , Erdem, M , Deryakulu, D. (2017). Toplumsal Buradalık ve Öğretimsel Buradalığın Bilişsel Buradalığı Yordama Gücü . Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi , 25 (4) , 1319-1336 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/30766/332463
  • Richardson, J. C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., & Caskurlu, S. (2017). Social presence in relation to students' satisfaction and learning in the çevrimiçi environment: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 402-417.
  • Rommie L and Duckworth, LP (2020). Duckworth on Education: Community of Inquiry https://www.emsworld.com/article/1224658/duckworth-education-community-inquiry, 07/25/2020
  • Rourke, L., & Kanuka, H. (2009). Learning in communities of inquiry: A review of the literature (Winner 2009 Best Research Article Award). International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education/Revue internationale du e-learning et la formation à distance, 23(1), 19-48.
  • Rovai, A. & Baker, J. (2005). Gender differences in online learning: Sense of community, perceived learning, and interpersonal interactions. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 6(1), 31-44.
  • Sadaf, A., Richardson, J., & Ertnmer, P. (2011). Relationship between question prompts and critical thinking in online discussions. In annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Jacksonville, 10, (209-215).
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, E. (2001). İcerik analizi ve uygulama ornekleri [Content analysis and application examples]. Istanbul, Turkey: Epsilon.
  • UNESCO (2020). Education: From disruption to recovery. https://en.unesco.org/Covid19/educationresponse adresinden 21 Ocak 2021 erişilmiştir.
  • Whittle, C., Tiwari, S., Yan, S., & Williams, J. (2020). Emergency remote teaching environment: a conceptual framework for responsive online teaching in crises. Information and Learning Sciences
  • WHO (2019). Coronavirus disease (COVİD-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/strategies-plans-and-operations adresinden 20 Nisan 2021 erişilmiştir.
  • YÖK, (2020). Yök’ten Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Hakkında Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Alınacak Tedbirlere İlişkin Öneriler https://www.yok.gov.tr/sayfalar/haberler/2020/coronavirus-hastaligina-iliskin-universitelerde-alinacak-tedbirler.aspx. 25 Mart 2020 Tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zimmerman, J. (2020). Coronavirus and the great online-learning experiment. Chronicle of Higher Education, 37-47

Evolution of Student Groups Continuing Emergency Remote Teaching into Research Community in the Covid 19 Process

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 3, 747 - 775, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.947964

Öz

The effectiveness of emergency remote teaching (ERT), which started quite unprepared due to the Covid-19 epidemic, has begun to be questioned all over the world. In this study, social, cognitive, and teaching presence in this process was investigated. The research was carried out in a mixed research method with a quantitative relational survey model and a qualitative descriptive analysis. Data were collected using an online tool consisting of a research community scale, demographic information form, and open-ended questions about their experiences. 83.7% of the study group were female (n = 128) and 16.3% were male (n = 25); The average age is 21. The impact of gender and learning management systems (LMS) on teaching cognitive and social presence was examined by Mann Withey-U and the relationship among them is examined with the Spearman-Brown coefficient. Student opinions were analyzed with descriptive analysis and coded with an approach based on scale factors and reported with direct quotations. As a result, it was seen that the students perceived the teaching presence higher than the other presences. Cognitive presence has a positive and high relationship with teaching presence; it has a moderate and positive relationship with social presence. In addition cognitive and teaching presence differed significantly by gender. According to the LMS, there was no significant difference in all three elements. 47% of the students preferred face-to-face, 45.8% chose blended learning, whereas only 7.2% opted for completely online teaching.

Kaynakça

  • Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2008). The development of a community of inquiry over time in an online course: Understanding the progression and integration of social, cognitive and teaching presence. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12, 3-22.
  • Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry. The Internet and Higher Education, 14(3), 183-190.
  • Alaulamie, L. A. (2014).Teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence as predictors of students' satisfaction in an çevrimiçi program at a Saudi University(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved fromhttps://etd.ohiolink.edu/.
  • Anderson, T., Liam, R., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a computer conferencing context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5(2).
  • Arastaman, G., FİDAN, İ. Ö., ve Fidan, T. (2018). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik: Kuramsal bir inceleme. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 37-75.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (13.Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Cevahir, E. (2020). SPSS ile Nicel Veri Analizi Rehberi. Kibele, İstanbul
  • Cleveland-Innes, M., Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. (2018). The community of inquiry theoretical framework: Implications for distance education and beyond. In Handbook of distance education (pp. 67-78). Routledge.
  • Cohen, J. (1992) Quantitative Methods in Psychology: A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  • Çakıroğlu, Ü., & Kılıç, S. (2020). Understanding community in synchronous çevrimiçi learning: do perceptions match behaviours?. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 35(2), 105-121.
  • Erickson, M., & Wattiaux, M. A. (2021). Practices and perceptions at the COVİD‐19 transition in undergraduate animal science courses. Natural Sciences Education, 50(1).
  • Ertmer, P. A., A. Sadaf, and D. J. Ertmer. 2011. Studentcontent interactions in online courses:The role of question prompts in facilitating higherlevel engagement with course content. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 23 (2–3):157–86.
  • Fırat, M., Yurdakul, İ. ve Ersoy, A . (2014). Bir Eğitim Teknolojisi Araştırmasına Dayalı Olarak Karma Yöntem Araştırması Deneyimi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2 (1), 64-85.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2009). Implications of çevrimiçi learning for the conceptual development and practice of distance education. Journal of Distance Education, 23(2), 93-104.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2016). E-learning in the 21st century: A community of inquiry framework for research and practice. Taylor & Francis.
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of distance education, 15(1), 7-23.
  • Gibson, A., Ice, P., Mitchell, R., & Kupczynski, L. (2012). An inquiry into relationships between demographic factors and teaching, social, and cognitive presence. Internet Learning, 1(1), 7-17.
  • Gunawardena, C. N. (1995). Social presence theory and implications for interaction and collaborative learning in computer conferences. International journal of educational telecommunications, 1(2), 147-166.
  • Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C. A., & Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of a global çevrimiçi debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(4), 397–431.
  • Gutiérrez-Santiuste, E., Rodríguez-Sabiote, C., & Gallego-Arrufat, M. J. (2015). Cognitive presence through social and teaching presence in communities of inquiry: A correlational–predictive study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(3).
  • Harasim, L. (2006). Assessing Çevrimiçi Collaborative Learning: A Theory, Methodology , and Toolset. In B. Khan, (Ed.) Flexible Learning in an Information Society. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and çevrimiçi learning. Educause Review, 27, 1-12.
  • Iglesias-Pradas, S., Hernández-García, Á., Chaparro-Peláez, J., & Prieto, J. L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and students’ academic performance in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106713
  • Karadağ, E, Yucel, C. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs Pandemisi Döneminde Üniversitelerde Uzaktan Eğitim: Lisans Öğrencileri Kapsamında Bir Değerlendirme Çalışması. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10 (2) , 181-192.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Karasar, N. (2005) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara: Nobel
  • Kartal, Mahmut. (2006), Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Hipotez Testleri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (post-hoc) teknikleri. Journal of Social Science, 19(1), 51-64.
  • Khodabandelou, R., Ab Jalil, H., Wan Ali, W. Z., & bin Mohd Daud, S. (2014). Moderation Effect of Gender on Relationship between Community of Inquiry and Perceived Learning in Blended Learning Environments. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(3), 257-271.
  • Kozan, K., & Richardson, J. C. (2014). Interrelationships between and among social, teaching, and cognitive presence. The Internet and higher education, 21, 68-73.
  • Köklü, N. Büyüköztürk, Ş.ve Bökeoğlu Ç.Ö. (2006). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem A yayıncılık
  • McLoughlin, D., & Mynard, J. (2009). An analysis of higher order thinking in online discussions. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46(2), 147-160.
  • MEB (2020) Bakan Selçuk, 23 Mart'ta Başlayacak Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Detayları Anlattı. https://www.meb.gov.tr/bakan-selcuk-23-martta-baslayacak-uzaktan-egitime-iliskin-detaylari-anlatti/haber/20554/tr. 25 Mart 2020 Tarihinde Erişilmiştir.
  • Morueta, R. T., López, P. M., Gómez, Á. H., & Harris, V. W. (2016). Exploring social and cognitive presences in communities of inquiry to perform higher cognitive tasks. The Internet and Higher Education, 31, 122-131.
  • Öztürk, E , Erdem, M , Deryakulu, D. (2017). Toplumsal Buradalık ve Öğretimsel Buradalığın Bilişsel Buradalığı Yordama Gücü . Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi , 25 (4) , 1319-1336 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/30766/332463
  • Richardson, J. C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., & Caskurlu, S. (2017). Social presence in relation to students' satisfaction and learning in the çevrimiçi environment: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 402-417.
  • Rommie L and Duckworth, LP (2020). Duckworth on Education: Community of Inquiry https://www.emsworld.com/article/1224658/duckworth-education-community-inquiry, 07/25/2020
  • Rourke, L., & Kanuka, H. (2009). Learning in communities of inquiry: A review of the literature (Winner 2009 Best Research Article Award). International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education/Revue internationale du e-learning et la formation à distance, 23(1), 19-48.
  • Rovai, A. & Baker, J. (2005). Gender differences in online learning: Sense of community, perceived learning, and interpersonal interactions. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 6(1), 31-44.
  • Sadaf, A., Richardson, J., & Ertnmer, P. (2011). Relationship between question prompts and critical thinking in online discussions. In annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Jacksonville, 10, (209-215).
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, E. (2001). İcerik analizi ve uygulama ornekleri [Content analysis and application examples]. Istanbul, Turkey: Epsilon.
  • UNESCO (2020). Education: From disruption to recovery. https://en.unesco.org/Covid19/educationresponse adresinden 21 Ocak 2021 erişilmiştir.
  • Whittle, C., Tiwari, S., Yan, S., & Williams, J. (2020). Emergency remote teaching environment: a conceptual framework for responsive online teaching in crises. Information and Learning Sciences
  • WHO (2019). Coronavirus disease (COVİD-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/strategies-plans-and-operations adresinden 20 Nisan 2021 erişilmiştir.
  • YÖK, (2020). Yök’ten Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Hakkında Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Alınacak Tedbirlere İlişkin Öneriler https://www.yok.gov.tr/sayfalar/haberler/2020/coronavirus-hastaligina-iliskin-universitelerde-alinacak-tedbirler.aspx. 25 Mart 2020 Tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zimmerman, J. (2020). Coronavirus and the great online-learning experiment. Chronicle of Higher Education, 37-47
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ebru Kuşcu 0000-0002-1859-0286

Adnan Ömerustaoğlu 0000-0002-9082-4235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 54 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuşcu, E., & Ömerustaoğlu, A. (2021). Covid 19 Sürecinde Acil Uzaktan Öğretime Devam Eden Öğrenci Gruplarının Araştırma Topluluğuna Evrilmesi. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 54(3), 747-775. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.947964

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