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Bîrûnî’nin “Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî” İsimli Risalesi Yogasutra’nın Bir Çevirisi midir?

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 25 - 84, 17.12.2014

Öz

Bîrûnî, Hint kültürünün kapılarını Türk-İslam dünyasına açmıştır. O, ön-celikle Hint dillerini öğrenmiş, Hint alt kıtasına yapılan seferlere katılmış ve Hintli bilginlerle müzakereler yapmıştır. O, Hint medeniyetini ele aldığı meşhur eseri Tahkik’in hazırlıklarını yaparken Hint dünyasında ciddi bir öneme sahip olan Patanjali kitabının çevirisini yapmıştır. Böylelikle mistik Hint düşüncesinin özüne vakıf olmayı hedeflemiştir. Aşağıdaki satırlarda ilk olarak onun “Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî” isimli eserinin biçimsel nitelik-leri, yazılış nedeni ve önemi üzerinde duracağız. Daha sonra, çevirinin gü-nümüzdeki Yogasutra olup olmadığına dair kısa bir değerlendirme yapacağız. Son olarak da, bu risalenin tahkikli ve orijinal nüshasından kar-şılaştırmalı çevirisini sunacağız.

Kaynakça

  • Aranya, Hariharananda, Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali: Containing His Yoga Ap- horisms with Commentary of Vyasa in Original Sanskrit, with Annotati- ons, and Allied Topics Illustrating the Theory and Practice of Samkhya- Yoga with Bhasvati, (İngilizceye çeviren: P. N. Mukherji) Genişletil- miş dördüncü baskı, Calcutta University Press, Calcutta, 2000.
  • Arslan, Hammet, “Hint Dinlerinde Bir Arınma ve Aydınlanma Yolu Olarak Yoga”, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, DEÜ, SBE, İzmir, 2013.
  • Hindistan’da Sümeniyye sözcüğü Budistler için kullanılmaktadır. Bkz.
  • “...A Translation of the Fourth Chapter...”, s. 304.
  • Metnin aslında (ش) olmasına rağmen, Ritter, ifadeyi (ﺢﺴﻓ) biçiminde oku- muştur.
  • Bhagavad-Gita As It Is, Trans. by, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1986.
  • Bhagavad-Gita with Commentary of Sankaracarya, Trans. by S. Gambhina- nanda, Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, 1991.
  • Bhagavadgita, Çev. Sevda Çalışkan, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara, 2001.
  • Chapple, Christopher Key, Yoga and the Luminous: Patanjali’s Spiritual Path to Freedom, State University of New York Press, New York, 2008.
  • Dasgupta, S. N., A History of Indian Philosohy, (I-V), Cambridge University Press, London, 1932.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Alberuni’s India, (I-II), Trans. and Ed. by, Edward Sachau, New Delhi, 1964.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî, Köprülü Kütüphanesi, 1589 no, 412a-419a.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâbu’s-Saydala fi’t-Tıb Mukaddimesi, Çev. Şerafettin Yaltkaya, İstanbul, 1937.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâb fi Tahkîk-i-Mâ li’l Hind, Dâiratu’l-Maarifi’l- Osmâniyye, India, 1958.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Maziden Kalanlar (El-Âsâr el-Bâkiye), Çev. D. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Yay., İstanbul, 2011.
  • Feuerstein, Georg, The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice, Hohm Press, Arizona, 2001.
  • Filliozat, Jean, The Classical Doctrine of Indian Medicine: Its Origins And Its Greek Parallels, Trans. by, Dev Raj Chanana, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 1964.
  • https://www.yazmalar.gov.tr/detay_goster.php?k=175939.
  • Kane, P. V., History of Dharmasastra: Antient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law, (I-V), Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1997.
  • Katha Upanişad, (The Principal Upanisads içinde), Trans. by, Sarvepalli Rad- hakrishnan, Allen & Unwin, London, 1953.
  • Katha Upanişad, (The Thirteen Principal Upanishads içinde), Trans. by, Robert Eernest Hume, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1990.
  • Khan, M. S., “al-Biruni and the Political History of India”, Oriens, Vol. 25, 1976.
  • Lawrence, Bruce B., “Biruni, Abu Rayhan viii. Indology”, Encyclopædia Ira- nica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 3, ss. 285-287.
  • Massignon, Louis, Essai sur les Origines du Lexique Technique de la Mystique Musulmane, Paris, 1922.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Studies, Uni- versity of London, vol. 29, no:2 (1966), ss. 302-325.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Taranslation of the Second Chapter and a Compari- son with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Studies, 40, no:3 (1977), ss. 522-549.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Translation of the Third Chapter and a Comparison with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Stu- dies, 46, no:2 (1983), ss. 258-304.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Translation of the Fourth Chapter and a Comparison with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Stu- dies, 52, no:2 (1989), ss. 265-305.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “al-Bīrūnī's übersetzung des Yoga-Sūtra des Patañjali”, Oriens, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Dec. 31, 1956), s. 165-200.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “Tarcume-i Kitab-i Patancali az Abu Raihan-i Biruni: Casn- name-i Ibn-i Sina II”, Teheran 1334/1347, Silsile-i intisarat-i Ancuman- i asar-i milli, Yadgar-i hazare-i Abu'Ali Sina, s. 134-148.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “Kitab Batancal li-Abir-Raihan al-Biruni”, al-Muntaqa min dirasat al-mustasriqin, ed. Salahaddin al-Munaccid, I, Kairo 1955, s. 59-72.
  • Rukmani, T. S., Yogavarttika of Vijnanabhiksu: Text with English Translation and Critical Notes along with the Text and English Translation of the Pa- tanjala Yogasutras and Vyasabhasya (I-IV), Trans. by T. S. Rukmani, Munshiram Manoharlal Publications, New Delhi, 2007.
  • Tümer, Günay, Bîrûnî’ye Göre Dinler ve İslâm Dini, DİB Yay., Ankara, 1991.
  • Ülken, Hilmi Ziya, İslam Medeniyetinde Tercümeler ve Tesirleri, İstanbul, 1947.
  • Vacaspatimishra, Tattvakaumudi: An English Translation, with the Sanskrit Text of the Tattva-kaumudi, Ed. Ganganatha Jha, Theosophical Publi- cations, Bombay, 1896.
  • Woods, James Haughton, The Yoga-System of Patanjali or the Antient Hindu Doctrine of Concentration of Mind: Embracing the Mnemonic Rules, Cal- led Yogasutras, of Patanjali, and the Comment, Called Yoga-Bhashya, Att- ributed to Veda-Vyasa, and the Explanation, Called Tattva-Vaiçaradi, of Vachaspati-Miçra, Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 17, Motilal Banarsi- dass, Delhi, 1998.
  • Yardi, M. R., The Yoga of Patanjali, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 2nd ed., Poona, 1996.
  • Bîrûnî’nin “Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî”
  • İsimli Risalesinin Yazma Nüshası

Is Al-Biruni’s Booklet Named “Kitabu Batenceli'l-Hindi” a Translation of Yogasutra?

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 25 - 84, 17.12.2014

Öz

Al-Biruni introduced the Indian culture to the Turkish-Islamic world. He learned Indian languages, had journeys to the Indian subcontinent and had conversation with Indian sages. He translated book of Patanjali which has a great importance in the Indian world before writing his magnum opus Tahkik. So, he aimed to have grasp on the mystical Indian thought. First of all, we will try to present below formal qualifications and importance of Al-Biruni’s “Kitabu Batenceli'l-Hindi”. Later we will assess whether its being present Yogasutras or not briefly. Finally we will present the trans-lation of this booklet by using critical edition of Ritter and orijinal manusicript compatatively.

Kaynakça

  • Aranya, Hariharananda, Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali: Containing His Yoga Ap- horisms with Commentary of Vyasa in Original Sanskrit, with Annotati- ons, and Allied Topics Illustrating the Theory and Practice of Samkhya- Yoga with Bhasvati, (İngilizceye çeviren: P. N. Mukherji) Genişletil- miş dördüncü baskı, Calcutta University Press, Calcutta, 2000.
  • Arslan, Hammet, “Hint Dinlerinde Bir Arınma ve Aydınlanma Yolu Olarak Yoga”, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, DEÜ, SBE, İzmir, 2013.
  • Hindistan’da Sümeniyye sözcüğü Budistler için kullanılmaktadır. Bkz.
  • “...A Translation of the Fourth Chapter...”, s. 304.
  • Metnin aslında (ش) olmasına rağmen, Ritter, ifadeyi (ﺢﺴﻓ) biçiminde oku- muştur.
  • Bhagavad-Gita As It Is, Trans. by, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1986.
  • Bhagavad-Gita with Commentary of Sankaracarya, Trans. by S. Gambhina- nanda, Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, 1991.
  • Bhagavadgita, Çev. Sevda Çalışkan, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara, 2001.
  • Chapple, Christopher Key, Yoga and the Luminous: Patanjali’s Spiritual Path to Freedom, State University of New York Press, New York, 2008.
  • Dasgupta, S. N., A History of Indian Philosohy, (I-V), Cambridge University Press, London, 1932.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Alberuni’s India, (I-II), Trans. and Ed. by, Edward Sachau, New Delhi, 1964.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî, Köprülü Kütüphanesi, 1589 no, 412a-419a.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâbu’s-Saydala fi’t-Tıb Mukaddimesi, Çev. Şerafettin Yaltkaya, İstanbul, 1937.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Kitâb fi Tahkîk-i-Mâ li’l Hind, Dâiratu’l-Maarifi’l- Osmâniyye, India, 1958.
  • el-Bîrûnî, Ebu Reyhan, Maziden Kalanlar (El-Âsâr el-Bâkiye), Çev. D. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Yay., İstanbul, 2011.
  • Feuerstein, Georg, The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice, Hohm Press, Arizona, 2001.
  • Filliozat, Jean, The Classical Doctrine of Indian Medicine: Its Origins And Its Greek Parallels, Trans. by, Dev Raj Chanana, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 1964.
  • https://www.yazmalar.gov.tr/detay_goster.php?k=175939.
  • Kane, P. V., History of Dharmasastra: Antient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law, (I-V), Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1997.
  • Katha Upanişad, (The Principal Upanisads içinde), Trans. by, Sarvepalli Rad- hakrishnan, Allen & Unwin, London, 1953.
  • Katha Upanişad, (The Thirteen Principal Upanishads içinde), Trans. by, Robert Eernest Hume, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1990.
  • Khan, M. S., “al-Biruni and the Political History of India”, Oriens, Vol. 25, 1976.
  • Lawrence, Bruce B., “Biruni, Abu Rayhan viii. Indology”, Encyclopædia Ira- nica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 3, ss. 285-287.
  • Massignon, Louis, Essai sur les Origines du Lexique Technique de la Mystique Musulmane, Paris, 1922.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Studies, Uni- versity of London, vol. 29, no:2 (1966), ss. 302-325.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Taranslation of the Second Chapter and a Compari- son with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Studies, 40, no:3 (1977), ss. 522-549.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Translation of the Third Chapter and a Comparison with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Stu- dies, 46, no:2 (1983), ss. 258-304.
  • Pines, Shlomo ve Tuvia Gelblum, “Al-Biruni’s Arabic Version of Patanjali’s “Yogasutra”: A Translation of the Fourth Chapter and a Comparison with Related Text”, Bulletin of the School of Orieantal and African Stu- dies, 52, no:2 (1989), ss. 265-305.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “al-Bīrūnī's übersetzung des Yoga-Sūtra des Patañjali”, Oriens, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Dec. 31, 1956), s. 165-200.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “Tarcume-i Kitab-i Patancali az Abu Raihan-i Biruni: Casn- name-i Ibn-i Sina II”, Teheran 1334/1347, Silsile-i intisarat-i Ancuman- i asar-i milli, Yadgar-i hazare-i Abu'Ali Sina, s. 134-148.
  • Ritter, Hellmut, “Kitab Batancal li-Abir-Raihan al-Biruni”, al-Muntaqa min dirasat al-mustasriqin, ed. Salahaddin al-Munaccid, I, Kairo 1955, s. 59-72.
  • Rukmani, T. S., Yogavarttika of Vijnanabhiksu: Text with English Translation and Critical Notes along with the Text and English Translation of the Pa- tanjala Yogasutras and Vyasabhasya (I-IV), Trans. by T. S. Rukmani, Munshiram Manoharlal Publications, New Delhi, 2007.
  • Tümer, Günay, Bîrûnî’ye Göre Dinler ve İslâm Dini, DİB Yay., Ankara, 1991.
  • Ülken, Hilmi Ziya, İslam Medeniyetinde Tercümeler ve Tesirleri, İstanbul, 1947.
  • Vacaspatimishra, Tattvakaumudi: An English Translation, with the Sanskrit Text of the Tattva-kaumudi, Ed. Ganganatha Jha, Theosophical Publi- cations, Bombay, 1896.
  • Woods, James Haughton, The Yoga-System of Patanjali or the Antient Hindu Doctrine of Concentration of Mind: Embracing the Mnemonic Rules, Cal- led Yogasutras, of Patanjali, and the Comment, Called Yoga-Bhashya, Att- ributed to Veda-Vyasa, and the Explanation, Called Tattva-Vaiçaradi, of Vachaspati-Miçra, Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 17, Motilal Banarsi- dass, Delhi, 1998.
  • Yardi, M. R., The Yoga of Patanjali, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 2nd ed., Poona, 1996.
  • Bîrûnî’nin “Kitâbu Batenceli'l-Hindî”
  • İsimli Risalesinin Yazma Nüshası
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet İlhan

Hammet Arslan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Aralık 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD İlhan, Mehmet - Arslan, Hammet. “Bîrûnî’nin ‘Kitâbu Batenceli’l-Hindî’ İsimli Risalesi Yogasutra’nın Bir Çevirisi Midir?”. Milel ve Nihal 10/3 (Aralık 2014), 25-84.