ESTIMATING BASE STATION-BASED INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ELECTRIC FIELD LEVELS BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 30.06.2019

Esin Karpat , Muhammed Rafet Bakcan Ahmed Takieddine Chabbar Mustafa Muhammedosman Abbaker İbrahim Berkant Çelik Oğuz Doğan

https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.500040

Öz

The measurement of the electric field and
the magnetic field is significant in order to determine electromagnetic
pollution level compared to standards. In Turkey, electric field limit value,
which is emitted by base station is 13.5 V/m for one mobile communication
operator. In addition, according to the regulation of
medical devices, the limit of electric field value inside the hospital, where
the medical devices are located, is 3 V/m. In this study, the measurement and
evaluation of electromagnetic pollution inside and outside the Bursa Uludag
University hospital building are performed and its compliance with national and
international standards is examined. Moreover, the distribution of electric field in the
environment is estimated by the artificial neural network and fuzzy logic
methods considering the measurement results. The measured electric field
values, estimated electric field values, and national standard values are
compared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electromagnetic pollution, Electrical field, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, prediction

Kaynakça

• [1] C. Kurnaz. An Empirical Modeling of Electromagnetic Pollution on a University Campus, ACES Express Journal, Vol. 1- 2, pp. 76-79, 2016.
• [2] C.Kurnaz, D. Yıldız, S. Karagol. Assessment Of Short/Long Term Electric Field Strength Measurements for a Pilot District, Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) Book of Abstracts, 18th International Symposium, 2017.
• [3] A. Mousa. Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements and Safety Issues of Some Cellular Base Stations in Nablus, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, Vol. 4-1, pp. 35-42, 2011.
• [4] ICNIRP Statement General Approach to Protection Against Non Ionizing Radiation, Health Physics 82(4):540-548, 2002.
• [5] Health and Electromagnetic Fields, https://ec.europa.eu.
• [6] ICTA Turkey Electromagnetic Exposure Standards, https://www.btk.gov.tr/en-US/.
• [7] ICNIRP Guidelines, "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300GHz)", International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics vol.74, no.4, pp.494-522, 1998.
• [8] Mobile Communication Base Stations and Animal Health Risk Perception Among Swiss Veterinarians and Farmers, 10th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, 2003.
• [9] M. Ibrani, L. Ahma, E. Hamiti, J. Haxhibeqiri. Derivation of Electromagnetic Properties of Child Biological Tissues at Radio Frequencies, Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 25, 87-100, 2011.
• [10] P Elliott, M.B. Toledano, L. Beale, K. Hoogh, N. Best, D.J. Briggs. Mobile Phone Base Stations and Early Childhood Cancers: Case-Control Study, BMJ. Vol:22;340:c3077, 2010.
• [11] K. Lee, J. Yun. A Comparison of Specific Absorption Rates in SAM Phantom and Child Head Models at 835 and 1900 MHz, IEEE Transactıons On Electromagnetıc Compatıbılıty, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 619-627, 2011.
• [12] M. Ibrani, L. Ahma, E. Hamiti. Assessment of The Exposure of Children to Electromagnetic Fields from Wireless Communication Devices in Home Environments, IET Communications, Vol. 8-12, pp. 2222–2228, 2014.
• [13] J. Everaert, D. Bauwens. A Possible Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Phone Base Stations on the Number of Breeding House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Vol. 26, pp. 63–72, 2007.
• [14] U. Sorgucu, I. Develi. Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Pollution Generated by GSM-900 Mobile Phone Networks in Erciyes University Turkey, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Vol. 31(4), pp. 404–415, 2012.
• [15] A. Peyman, M. Khalid, C. Calderon, D. Addison, T. Mee, M. Maslanyj, S. Mann. Assessment of Exposure To Electromagnetic Fields From Wireless Computer Networks (Wi-Fi) in Schools; Results of Laboratory Measurements, Health Phys., Vol. 100-6, pp. 594-612, 2011.
• [16] Ç. Kurnaz, B.K. Engiz. Measurement and Evaluation of Electric Field Strength in Samsun City Center, International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Electronics, and Computers, Vol. 4, pp. 24-29, 2016.
• [17] B. K. Engiz, C. Kurnaz. Long-Term Electromagnetıc Field Measurement and Assessment for A Shopping Mall, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, pp. 1–9 (2016).
• [18] A. Sarolic, P. Matic. Wireless LAN Electromagnetic Field Prediction for Indoor Environment Using Artificial Neural Network, Automatıka, Vol. 51-3, pp. 233–240, 2010.
• [19] B. K. Gül, Ç. Kurnaz, B. K. Engiz. Measurement and Evaluation of Electromagnetic Pollution in Ondokuz Mayıs University Kurupelit Campus in Samsun Turkey, Third Intl. Conf. on Advances in Information Processing and Communication Technology – IPCT, 2015.
• [20] B. Tuysuz, Y. Mahmutoglu, Measurement and Mapping of the GSM-Based Electromagnetic Pollution in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, Electromagnetıc Biology and Medicine, Vol. 36- 2, pp.132–140 (2017).
• [21] G. Schmid, D. Lager, P. Preiner, R. U. Berbacher, S. Cecil, Exposure Caused by Wireless Technologies Used for Short-Range Indoor Communication in Homes and Offıces, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 124-1, pp. 58–62, 2007.
• [22] P. G. Diaz, S. S. Sanz, J.A.P. Figueras, S. J. Fernández. Mobile Network Deployment Under Electromagnetic Pollution Control Criterion: An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 40, pp. 365–376, 2013.
• [23] P. G. Perez, M. C. García, I. Cuiñas, R. F.S. Caldeirinha. Modeling and Inferring the Attenuation Induced by Vegetation Barriers at 2G/3G/4G Cellular Bands Using Artificial Neural Networks, Measurement, Vol. 98, pp.262–275, 2017.
• [24] J. Beekhuizen , R.Vermeulen, M. V. Eijsden, R. van Strien, A. Bürgi, E. Loomans, M. Guxens , H. Kromhout, A.Huss . Modelling Indoor Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Mobile Phone Base Stations for Epidemiological Studies, Environ Int. Vol. 67:22-6, 2014.
• [25] M Sadiku. Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University Press, 2007.
• [26] C. A. Balanis. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
• [27] Neural Network Toolbox™ User's Guide, Mathworks, R2017b, http://www.mathworks.com.
• [28] Fuzzy Logic Toolbox™ User's Guide, Mathworks, 2017, http://www.mathworks.com.