EN
TR
The Notion of Consumer in Dual-Purpose Contracts in Light of the Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union Dated 08.06.2023
Abstract
It is controversial whether a person who acts partly for professional or commercial purposes and partly for private purposes in the contract he/she concludes is a consumer or not. In the European Union Law, the carrier of this debate has been the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) dated 20.01.2005 and numbered 464/01 (Gruber judgment). In order to end the debate on the transferability of this judgement to substantive law within the framework of the principles of International Procedural Law, the EU norm setter tried to clarify the issue with the Consumer Rights Directive. However, the non-integrated structure of EU contract law caused the uncertainty within the scope of other Directives to continue. Finally, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) evaluated the concept of consumer in dual-purpose contracts in terms of substantive law for the first time in its decision numbered 570/21 and dated 08.06.2023. In our law, there is no clear regulation on this issue.
In this study, the question of whether a person who acts partly for professional or commercial purposes and partly for private purposes in the contract she/he concludes is a consumer is examined in light of the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the (turkish) Court of Cassation.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Thanks
The author has no acknowledgments to declare.
References
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Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
International and Comparative Law (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Early Pub Date
October 7, 2025
Publication Date
February 20, 2026
Submission Date
April 24, 2025
Acceptance Date
June 4, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Number: Advanced Online Publication