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Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı 08.06.2023 Tarihli Kararı Işığında Karma Amaçlı Sözleşmelerde Tüketici Kavramı

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication 20 Şubat 2026
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The Notion of Consumer in Dual-Purpose Contracts in Light of the Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union Dated 08.06.2023

Abstract

It is controversial whether a person who acts partly for professional or commercial purposes and partly for private purposes in the contract he/she concludes is a consumer or not. In the European Union Law, the carrier of this debate has been the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) dated 20.01.2005 and numbered 464/01 (Gruber judgment). In order to end the debate on the transferability of this judgement to substantive law within the framework of the principles of International Procedural Law, the EU norm setter tried to clarify the issue with the Consumer Rights Directive. However, the non-integrated structure of EU contract law caused the uncertainty within the scope of other Directives to continue. Finally, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) evaluated the concept of consumer in dual-purpose contracts in terms of substantive law for the first time in its decision numbered 570/21 and dated 08.06.2023. In our law, there is no clear regulation on this issue. In this study, the question of whether a person who acts partly for professional or commercial purposes and partly for private purposes in the contract she/he concludes is a consumer is examined in light of the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the (turkish) Court of Cassation.

Keywords

Etik Beyan

Yazarın çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Yazarın ek teşekkür beyanı bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  1. Akdag-Güney, Necla. “Die Umsetzung der Verbraucherschutzrichtlinien in der Türkei am Beispiel der missbräuchlichen Klauseln,” Zeitschrift für europäisches Privatrecht 17, no. 1 (2009): 109-137.
  2. Alexander, Christian. “BGB § 13 Verbraucher.” İçinde beckonline.GROSSKOMMENTAR zum Zivilrecht, Ed. Beate Gsell, Wolfgang Krüger, Stephan Lorenz ve Christoph Reymann.Münih: C. H. Beck, 2025. E.T. Nisan 2025. https://beck-online.beck.de/?vpath=bibdata%2Fkomm%2FBeckOGK%2Fcont%2FBeckOGK%2Ehtm.
  3. Aslan, Yılmaz İ. Tüketici Hukuku Dersleri.Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi, 2015.
  4. Atamer, Yeşim M. “Die autonome Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie 1999/44/EG in der Türkei – Zugleich ein Beitrag zum Stand des Verbraucherschutzes in der Türkei.” Zeitschrift für europäisches Privatrecht 13, no. 3 (2005): 566-595.
  5. Atasoy, Ömer Adil, Taşkın, Mustafa ve Acar, Hakan. Tüketiciyi Koruma Hukuku. Ankara: Yargı Yayınevi, 2000.
  6. Augenhofer, Susanne. Verbraucherrecht im Umbruch. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
  7. Aydın, Ramazan. Die Berücksichtigung des Verbraucherschutzes bei Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen im deutschen und türkischen Recht. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovac, 2007.
  8. Bachmann, Gregor. “BGB § 13.” İçinde Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch Band 1. Ed. Franz Jürgen Säcker, Roland Rixecker ve Hartmund Oetker . München: C.H. Beck, 2025.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Uluslararası ve Karşılaştırmalı Hukuk (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

7 Ekim 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

20 Şubat 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

4 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

Kaynak Göster

APA
Küçükdağlı, A. (2025). Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı 08.06.2023 Tarihli Kararı Işığında Karma Amaçlı Sözleşmelerde Tüketici Kavramı. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 75-105. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1683127
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