Research Article

Atatürk's Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)

Volume: 6 Number: 17 March 1, 1990
  • Nur Bilge Crıss
EN TR

Atatürk's Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)

Abstract

This paper examines how the Allies failed to understand the dynamic changes within Turkey that were brought on by the Nationalist movement, as well as how Mustafa Kemal exploited the Allies’ errors of judgment and analyses to have the Treaty of Sevres rendered null and void. Views of outsiders may shed some light into his nondogmatic and at times ambivalent stance. Furthermore, contrary to the assumptions of those who try to draw the psychological profile of a self-proclaimed demigod or a miracle worker, Mustafa Kemal’s domestic politics point only too well to his awareness that he was not an undisputed leader. His acceptance at the international level, on the other hand, owed a lot to the war-weariness and the fear of Bolshevism in Europe, opposing national interests of the Allies, and Muslim sentiments towards Turkey which the Allies had to take into consideration. Mustafa Kemal emerges as a fine diplomatist and a great strategist even at the beginning of the Kemalist movement based on the evaluations of foreign observers.

Keywords

References

  1. Falih Rıfkı Atay, Çankaya (İstanbul: Doğan Kardeş Matbaacılık Sanayi A.Ş. Basımevi, 1969), pp. 170-172
  2. J.C. Hurewitz (Ed), Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East, Vol. II, 1914-1956 (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand, 1956), pp. 36-37
  3. E. L. Woodward and R. Butler (Eds), Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939, Series I, Vol. IV, (London: Oxford Univesity Press, 1952-), p. 654
  4. Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, Makedonya’dan Ortaasya’ya : Enver Paşa, vol. Ill (İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1978), p. 520
  5. The Times, August 5, 1919
  6. İzzet Oztoprak, Kurtuluş Savaşında Türk Basını, Mayıs 1919-Temmuz 1921, (Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınlan, 1981), pp. 100-101
  7. Roderic H. Davison, “From Mudros to Lausanne,” The Diplomats, G. Craig and F. Gilbert (Eds), (Princeton, Newjersey: Princeton University Press, 1953), p. 179
  8. Sabahattin Selek, Anadolu İhtilâli, (İstanbul: Doyuran Matbaası, 1981), p. 85

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nur Bilge Crıss This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 1, 1990

Submission Date

September 1, 1989

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 1990 Volume: 6 Number: 17

APA
Crıss, N. B. (1990). Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 6(17), 345-376. https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN
AMA
1.Crıss NB. Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. 1990;6(17):345-376. https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN
Chicago
Crıss, Nur Bilge. 1990. “Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 6 (17): 345-76. https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN.
EndNote
Crıss NB (March 1, 1990) Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 6 17 345–376.
IEEE
[1]N. B. Crıss, “Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)”, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 17, pp. 345–376, Mar. 1990, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN
ISNAD
Crıss, Nur Bilge. “Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 6/17 (March 1, 1990): 345-376. https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN.
JAMA
1.Crıss NB. Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. 1990;6:345–376.
MLA
Crıss, Nur Bilge. “Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 17, Mar. 1990, pp. 345-76, https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN.
Vancouver
1.Nur Bilge Crıss. Atatürk’s Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi [Internet]. 1990 Mar. 1;6(17):345-76. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA39AC42DN