Research Article

Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State

Volume: 17 Number: 50 July 1, 2001
  • Cezmi Eraslan
EN TR

Abstract

Caliphate had played a very important in both domestic and foreign poli- ties of Ottoman Empire, especially during the reıgn of Abdulhamid II, but It could not always refrain from serving to the interests of the foreign powers. We also see that Caliphate assumed important roles in the struggle for saving the Turkish nation whose land was almost completely invaded at the end of World War I. The fact that religious elements and the Caliphate have been stili dominant in the mind’s of Turkish people. It is clear that with the Constitutıon on 20th January 1921. Sovereignty was unconditionally given to the nation and the Sultanate became null and void. The fact that Ankara was adopted as Capital city on 13th October 1923 and declaration of the Republic of Turkey on, 29th October 1923 oficially Sym¬bol ized the realization of a new State İn Turkey, which was then very dİferent from the former regime in every aspect. As a result of voting performed, in 3rd March 1924, in the Turkish Great National Assembly the Calphate was abolished, The abolishment of the Caliphate can be evaluated as the most meaninful sign that Republic of Turkey shall burn the ships and continue in this direction, Abolishment of the Caliphate, was the most important step in the efforts to dominate not religious post but will of the nation in the administratıon of the state. With this step, the most important legal bases of a national, secular, democratic and modern State has been completed.

Keywords

References

  1. For above mentioned approach of Abdulhamid II, see Ayşe Osmanoğlu, Babam Sultan Abdülha- mid, İstanbul 1983. Eraslan, Ibid. p. 361. Documents of British Foreign Office have extensive irsformation above mentioned matter. See FO 371 ! 6243. Erol Güngör, İslamın Bugünkü Meseleleri, İstanbul 1989, pp. 177-200, Speech dated 24Ih ApriJ 1920 dellvered iıı Turkish Great National Assembly “speech on govem- mental organ i zati on.” Atatürk’ün Söylev ve Demeçleri I, Ankara 1997, p. 62;
  2. Samet Ağaoğkı, Kuvayi Milliye Ruhu, Ankara 1981, p. 36; Kazan Öztiîık, Atatürk’ün TBMM Açık ve Gizli Oturumlarındaki Konuşmaları I,, Ankara 1990, pp. 73-74. Söylev ve Demeçler I, p. 61. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk I, İstanbul 1973, p. 119. Atatürk, Nutuk II, p, 691. M. Müfit Kansu, Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürkle Beraber I, Ankara 1988, pp. İ31 -. Suna Kili - A. Şeref Gözübüyük, Türk Anayasa Metinleri, İstanbul 1985, p. 95.
  3. Mime Kemal Öke, Hilafet Hareketleri, Ankara 1991, pp, 98 - 100. For extensİve Information on these debates, please see Mustafa Bıyıklı, Hilafetin Kaldırılması¬nın Türkiye’de ve İslam Dünyasındaki Yankıları, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal
  4. Bilimler Enstitüsü Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul 1997; Öke Ibid., p. 102. Öke, Ibid., p. 112. The concern as to the weapon can be against us with intervention from outside. Arı İnan, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün 1923 Eskişehir - İzmit Konuşmaları, Ankara 1996, pp. 70 - 72. Nutuk, II, pp. 846 - 48. TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, II, Devre II, İçtima Senesi VII, p. 27 - 29; Seçil Akgün, Hilafetin Kal-dırılması ve Laiklik (1924 - 1928), Ankara (undated), pp. İ76-178. TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, II, Devre II, İçtima Senesi VII, pp. 40-61 Akgün, Hilafet, p. 190. TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, II, Devre II, İçtima Senesi VII, pp. 68 - 69, Suna Kili - A. Şeref Gözü- büyük, Türk Anayasa Metinleri, İstanbul 1985, pp. 106 - 107. Killi - Gözübüyük, Anayasa Metinleri, p. 106.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cezmi Eraslan This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 1, 2001

Submission Date

January 1, 2001

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2001 Volume: 17 Number: 50

APA
Eraslan, C. (2001). Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 17(50), 345-358. https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA
AMA
1.Eraslan C. Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. 2001;17(50):345-358. https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA
Chicago
Eraslan, Cezmi. 2001. “Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 17 (50): 345-58. https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA.
EndNote
Eraslan C (July 1, 2001) Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 17 50 345–358.
IEEE
[1]C. Eraslan, “Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State”, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 50, pp. 345–358, July 2001, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA
ISNAD
Eraslan, Cezmi. “Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 17/50 (July 1, 2001): 345-358. https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA.
JAMA
1.Eraslan C. Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. 2001;17:345–358.
MLA
Eraslan, Cezmi. “Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 50, July 2001, pp. 345-58, https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA.
Vancouver
1.Cezmi Eraslan. Abolishment of The Caliphate And Turkey’s Transformation to Modern State. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi [Internet]. 2001 Jul. 1;17(50):345-58. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA54AE86HA