YARGILAMALARIN KİTLE FONLAMASI YOLUYLA FİNANSMANI

Year 2026, Volume: 84 Issue: 2 , 1167 - 1221 , 30.04.2026

Serdar Hızır

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1894759

https://izlik.org/JA24GX74FK

Abstract

Yargılamaların finansmanı, özellikle yüksek maliyetli ve karmaşık uyuşmazlıklarda adalete erişim hakkının etkin şekilde kullanılabilmesi açısından giderek önem kazanan bir konudur. Bu çalışmada, yargılamaların kitle fonlaması yoluyla finanse edilmesi olgusu, kitle fonlaması kurumunun kendine özgü özellikleri ile üçüncü taraf dava finansmanına ilişkin öğreti ve yargı kararlarına ilişkin tartışmalar ışığında ele alınmış; söz konusu yöntemin sağladığı imkânlar ile beraberinde getirdiği hukuki riskler değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, kitle fonlamasının yargılama giderlerinin geniş bir fon sağlayıcı kitlesi arasında paylaştırılmasını mümkün kılması, finansal imkânları sınırlı olan kişilerin dava açabilmesini kolaylaştırması, dava riskinin tek bir kişi üzerinde yoğunlaşmasını önlemesi ve adalete erişimi kolaylaştırması gibi avantajlar sunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak yargılamanın gizliliği ilkesinin çeşitli açılardan zedelenmesi, kanun yollarına başvurma hakkının kötüye kullanılması ve yargılamanın ticari bir faaliyet görünümüne bürünebilmesi gibi riskler barındırdığı da ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca yargılamaya destek olma ve yargılama neticesinden pay alma yasağı ve tefecilik suçu yatırım sözleşmesi niteliği gibi meseleler kitle fonlaması yöntemi açısından incelenmiştir. Neticede Türk hukuku bakımından mevcut sermaye piyasası mevzuatı çerçevesinde söz konusu finansman modelinin çeşitli açılardan hukuki engellerle karşılaşabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmış ve konunun açık bir yasal düzenlemeye kavuşturulmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

Yargılamanın Finansmanı , Üçüncü Taraf Dava Finansmanı , Kitle Fonlaması , Adalete Erişim Hakkı , Sermaye Piyasası Hukuku

Litigation Financing through Crowdfunding

https://izlik.org/JA24GX74FK

Abstract

Litigation funding has increasingly become a significant issue in terms of the effective exercise of the right of access to justice, particularly in high-cost and complex disputes. In this study, the phenomenon of financing litigation through crowdfunding is examined within the scope of the distinctive characteristics of the crowdfunding mechanism, as well as doctrinal discussions and judicial decisions concerning third-party litigation funding; both the opportunities provided by this method and the legal risks it entails are evaluated. In this context, it has been determined that crowdfunding offers certain advantages, such as enabling litigation costs to be distributed among a broad group of funders, facilitating access to courts for individuals with limited financial resources, preventing the concentration of litigation risk on a single party, and thereby enhancing access to justice in practice. However, it has also been demonstrated that this method entails certain risks, including the potential impairment of the principle of confidentiality of proceedings, the abuse of the right to appeal, and the possibility of litigation assuming the appearance of a commercial activity. Furthermore, issues such as the prohibition of supporting litigation and sharing in the proceeds of litigation, the offence of usury, and the qualification of such arrangements as investment contracts have been examined in the context of crowdfunding. Ultimately, it is concluded that, under the existing capital markets legislation in Turkish law, this financing model may encounter various legal obstacles, and the necessity of establishing a clear legal framework governing the matter is emphasized.

Keywords

Litigation Funding , Third-Party Litigation Funding , Crowdfunding , Right of Access to Justice , Capital Markets Law

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