The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

İnci Kurt Celep

The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) cells by evaluating its effects on antiglycation activity, inhibitory activity against diabetes-related enzymes, oxidative stress, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling pathways. Methods: The inhibitory activities of CGA against advanced glycation end products (AGEs), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were evaluated in vitro. HepG2 cells were exposed to PA to establish an IR model. Cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay. Protein levels of IRS-1, p-AKT, GLUT-2, RAGE, and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using the DCFDA fluorescence assay, whereas glucose uptake was assessed using the 2-NBDG glucose uptake assay. Results: CGA exhibited strong inhibitory effects against AGE formation, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B. PA treatment significantly impaired AKT phosphorylation, confirming insulin resistance. CGA restored IRS-1, p-AKT, and GLUT-2 protein levels while reducing RAGE and p-NF-κB expression. Furthermore, CGA markedly suppressed intracellular ROS production and significantly improved glucose uptake capacity in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Conclusion: CGA exhibited multifaceted protective effects against PA-induced IR by suppressing oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory signaling, and restoring insulin signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CGA may represent a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of hepatic insulin resistance.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharmacognosy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İnci Kurt Celep ^*
0000-0003-2459-2058
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 25, 2026

Submission Date

June 25, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 6

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kurt Celep, İ. (2026). The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(6), 1147-1153. https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK

AMA

1.Kurt Celep İ. The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(6):1147-1153. https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK

Chicago

Kurt Celep, İnci. 2026. “The Role of Chlorogenic Acid in Palmitic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance: Regulation of IRS-1 AKT Signaling, GLUT-2 Levels, and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (6): 1147-53. https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK.

EndNote

Kurt Celep İ (October 1, 2026) The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 6 1147–1153.

IEEE

[1]İ. Kurt Celep, “The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1147–1153, Oct. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK

ISNAD

Kurt Celep, İnci. “The Role of Chlorogenic Acid in Palmitic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance: Regulation of IRS-1 AKT Signaling, GLUT-2 Levels, and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/6 (October 1, 2026): 1147-1153. https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK.

JAMA

1.Kurt Celep İ. The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:1147–1153.

MLA

Kurt Celep, İnci. “The Role of Chlorogenic Acid in Palmitic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance: Regulation of IRS-1 AKT Signaling, GLUT-2 Levels, and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, Oct. 2026, pp. 1147-53, https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK.

Vancouver

1.İnci Kurt Celep. The role of chlorogenic acid in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance: regulation of IRS-1/AKT signaling, GLUT-2 levels, and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj [Internet]. 2026 Oct. 1;8(6):1147-53. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA36XA26KK