Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic

Yıldız Arslan; Ayşe Ceren Öztürk; Behice Bircan; Yeliz Çiftçi; Bedile Irem Tiftikçioglu

doi:10.38053/acmj.1980073

Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic

Abstract

Aims: Diplopia is a common neuro-ophthalmological symptom with a wide etiological spectrum involving cranial nerves, the neuromuscular junction, extraocular muscles, and orbital structures. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and etiological distribution of patients presenting with diplopia in a tertiary neurology setting. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 55 patients evaluated for diplopia between January 2023 and August 2025 were analyzed. Demographic data, medical history, neurological and ophthalmological examination findings, laboratory results, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies were reviewed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59±14.2 years, and 52.7% were female. Myasthenia gravis (MG) was the most common etiology (27.27%), followed by microvascular causes (20%) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (16.36%). Other causes included cerebrovascular diseases (14.54%), idiopathic cases (7.27%), multiple sclerosis (7.27%), and single cases of Miller–Fisher syndrome, intracerebral lymphoma, cavernous sinus thrombosis and pontin tumor (1.81% for each). Among the patient population, diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed in 21 individuals and HT in 15. Thyroid function tests and C-reactive protein levels were within normal limits in all patients. Conclusion: The etiology of diplopia varies widely depending on clinical context and patient selection. In this cohort, MG was the leading cause, potentially reflecting referral patterns of a tertiary neurology center, where the diagnostic value and feasibility of single-fiber EMG were prominently demonstrated. The high prevalence of DM highlights diplopia as a potential early indicator of underlying metabolic dysfunction. Early diagnosis and targeted management are essential to improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Ethical Statement

The study protocol received formal approval from the local university Ethics Committee (Decision number: 2513, Date: 28.10.2025). All procedures were carried out in compliance with the national ethical guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration

Thanks

Thanks to Çiğli Education and Research Hospital

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Yıldız Arslan ^*
0000-0001-8818-9423
Türkiye

Ayşe Ceren Öztürk
0009-0008-6532-5208
Türkiye

Behice Bircan
0000-0001-5227-7886
Türkiye

Yeliz Çiftçi
0009-0007-6304-2944
Türkiye

Bedile Irem Tiftikçioglu
0000-0002-4573-3844
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 11, 2026

Submission Date

June 26, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1980073

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA97NJ83WE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Arslan, Y., Öztürk, A. C., Bircan, B., Çiftçi, Y., & Tiftikçioglu, B. I. (2026). Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(5), 936-940. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1980073

AMA

1.Arslan Y, Öztürk AC, Bircan B, Çiftçi Y, Tiftikçioglu BI. Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(5):936-940. doi:10.38053/acmj.1980073

Chicago

Arslan, Yıldız, Ayşe Ceren Öztürk, Behice Bircan, Yeliz Çiftçi, and Bedile Irem Tiftikçioglu. 2026. “Clinical and Etiological Profile of Diplopia in a Tertiary Neurology Clinic”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (5): 936-40. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1980073.

EndNote

Arslan Y, Öztürk AC, Bircan B, Çiftçi Y, Tiftikçioglu BI (September 1, 2026) Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 5 936–940.

IEEE

[1]Y. Arslan, A. C. Öztürk, B. Bircan, Y. Çiftçi, and B. I. Tiftikçioglu, “Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 936–940, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1980073.

ISNAD

Arslan, Yıldız - Öztürk, Ayşe Ceren - Bircan, Behice - Çiftçi, Yeliz - Tiftikçioglu, Bedile Irem. “Clinical and Etiological Profile of Diplopia in a Tertiary Neurology Clinic”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/5 (September 1, 2026): 936-940. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1980073.

JAMA

1.Arslan Y, Öztürk AC, Bircan B, Çiftçi Y, Tiftikçioglu BI. Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:936–940.

MLA

Arslan, Yıldız, et al. “Clinical and Etiological Profile of Diplopia in a Tertiary Neurology Clinic”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 5, Sept. 2026, pp. 936-40, doi:10.38053/acmj.1980073.

Vancouver

1.Yıldız Arslan, Ayşe Ceren Öztürk, Behice Bircan, Yeliz Çiftçi, Bedile Irem Tiftikçioglu. Clinical and etiological profile of diplopia in a tertiary neurology clinic. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026 Sep. 1;8(5):936-40. doi:10.38053/acmj.1980073