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Irrigation Solution and Activation System Usage Habits of Endodontists and Endodontic Assistants in Türkiye: A Survey Study

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 190 - 197, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1822266

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the irrigation application habits and approaches to irrigation activation systems used during root canal treatment by endodontists and endodontic assistants in Türkiye.
Material and Methods
A three-part online questionnaire was distributed to endodontic specialists and endodontic assistants in Türkiye. The survey collected demographic data, information on irrigation solution and activation system usage, and attitudes via a 28-item Likert scale. Data from 156 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA to identify significant differences based on gender, age, and professional status.
Results
The most commonly used irrigant was NaOCl; 50% of participants used 2.5% concentration NaOCl, while 44% used 5.25% concentration NaOCl. EDTA (17%) and CHX (2%) were also widely used. Pulp vitality was found to influence the irrigation protocol for 66% of participants. Traditional syringe irrigation was the most preferred activation method. Significant differences in practices and attitudes were observed, particularly regarding the adoption of new activation technologies and cost considerations, depending on age and professional experience.
Conclusion
Endodontists in Türkiye generally follow current international standards regarding irrigation solutions. However, more experience and the adoption of modern irrigation activation systems are needed. More education and training in this area could improve clinical practices.

Ethical Statement

As no human or animal subjects were used. Ethics Committee approval was not required. No patient information was used in the study, so there was no requirement for patient informed consent.

Supporting Institution

None

References

  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Favieri A, et al. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000; 26: 331-4.
  • Basrani B, Haapasalo M. Update on endodontic irrigating solutions. Endod Topics. 2012; 27: 74-102.
  • Gu L, Kim JR, Ling J, et al. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod. 2009; 35: 791-804.
  • Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32: 389-98.
  • Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, et al. Evaluation of a sonic device to remove intracanal debris and smear layer. J Endod. 2010; 36: 1687-90.
  • Adcock JM, Sidow SJ, Looney SW, et al. Histologic evaluation of canal and isthmus decontamination by passive ultrasonic irrigation in mature teeth. J Endod. 2011; 37: 517-21.
  • Susin L, Liu Y, Yoon JC, et al. Canal and isthmus debridement efficacies of two irrigant agitation techniques in a closed-system model. Int Endod J. 2010; 43: 1077-90.
  • van der Sluis LW, Versluis M, Wu MK, et al. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007; 40: 415-26.
  • Macedo RG, Wesselink PR, Zaccheo F, van der Sluis LW. Reaction rate of NaOCl in contact with bovine dentine: effect of activation, exposure time, concentration and pH. Int Endod J. 2010;43(12):1108-15.
  • Stevens, J. P. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 1996.
  • Karasar, N. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2012.
  • Çapar İD, Arslan H. A survey of root canal irrigation practices among Turkish dentists. Int Endod J. 2016; 49: 124-32.
  • Dutner J, Mines P, Anderson A. Irrigation trends among American endodontists: a web-based survey. J Endod. 2012; 38: 37-40.
  • Williams JM, van der Sluis LW. A survey of root canal irrigation practices among general dental practitioners in the UK. Br Dent J. 2014; 216: E11.
  • Khan SA, Gaidhane H, Navit S, et al. Comparative evaluation of pulp dissolution and smear layer removal properties of various herbal extracts: an in vitro study. Adv Hum Biol. 2025; 15: 496-504.
  • Zou X, Zheng X, Liang Y, et al. Expert consensus on irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal therapy. Int J Oral Sci. 2024; 16: 23.
  • Dotto MEP, Guesser F, Savaris JM, et al. How the NaOCl solution concentration and temperature impact chlorine levels, tissue dissolution and pH. Braz Dent J. 2025; 21: 36: E256279.
  • Atav A, Zanza A, Gunes A, et al. Recent innovations in endodontic irrigation and effects on smear layer removal: an ex-vivo study. Clin Oral Investig. 2025; 29: 309.
  • Chogle SM, Khan AA, Desrosiers M. Modern Endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 1st Ed, Elsevier, p. 69-4, 2025.

Türkiye'deki Endodonti Uzmanları ve Asistanlarının İrrigasyon Solüsyonları ve Aktivasyon Sistemleri Kullanım Alışkanlıkları: Bir Anket Çalışması Öyküsü

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 190 - 197, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1822266

Abstract

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki endodontistler ve endodonti asistanları tarafından kök kanal tedavisi sırasında kullanılan irrigasyon uygulama alışkanlıklarını ve irrigasyon aktivasyon sistemlerine yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Türkiye'deki endodonti uzmanları ve endodonti asistanlarına üç bölümden oluşan bir çevrimiçi anket dağıtılmıştır. Anket, demografik veriler, irrigasyon solüsyonu ve aktivasyon sistemi kullanımı ile ilgili bilgiler ve 28 maddelik Likert ölçeği aracılığıyla tutumları toplamıştır. 156 katılımcının verileri, cinsiyet, yaş ve mesleki statüye göre anlamlı farklılıkları belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t-testleri ve ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular
En yaygın kullanılan irrigasyon solüsyonu NaOCl idi; katılımcıların %50'si %2,5 konsantrasyonlu NaOCl kullanırken, %44'ü %5,25 konsantrasyonlu NaOCl kullanıyordu. EDTA (%17) ve CHX (%2) de yaygın olarak kullanılıyordu. Pulpa canlılığının, katılımcıların %66'sı için irrigasyon protokolünü etkilediği bulundu. Geleneksel şırınga irrigasyonu en çok tercih edilen aktivasyon yöntemi idi. Yaş ve mesleki deneyime bağlı olarak, özellikle yeni aktivasyon teknolojilerinin benimsenmesi ve maliyet hususları konusunda uygulamalar ve tutumlarda önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir.
Sonuç
Türkiye'deki endodontistler genellikle irrigasyon solüsyonları konusunda mevcut uluslararası standartları takip etmektedir. Ancak, daha fazla deneyim ve modern irrigasyon aktivasyon sistemlerinin benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu alanda daha fazla eğitim ve öğretim, klinik uygulamaları iyileştirebilir.

Ethical Statement

As no human or animal subjects were used. Ethics Committee approval was not required. No patient information was used in the study, so there was no requirement for patient informed consent.

Supporting Institution

None

References

  • Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Favieri A, et al. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000; 26: 331-4.
  • Basrani B, Haapasalo M. Update on endodontic irrigating solutions. Endod Topics. 2012; 27: 74-102.
  • Gu L, Kim JR, Ling J, et al. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod. 2009; 35: 791-804.
  • Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32: 389-98.
  • Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, et al. Evaluation of a sonic device to remove intracanal debris and smear layer. J Endod. 2010; 36: 1687-90.
  • Adcock JM, Sidow SJ, Looney SW, et al. Histologic evaluation of canal and isthmus decontamination by passive ultrasonic irrigation in mature teeth. J Endod. 2011; 37: 517-21.
  • Susin L, Liu Y, Yoon JC, et al. Canal and isthmus debridement efficacies of two irrigant agitation techniques in a closed-system model. Int Endod J. 2010; 43: 1077-90.
  • van der Sluis LW, Versluis M, Wu MK, et al. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007; 40: 415-26.
  • Macedo RG, Wesselink PR, Zaccheo F, van der Sluis LW. Reaction rate of NaOCl in contact with bovine dentine: effect of activation, exposure time, concentration and pH. Int Endod J. 2010;43(12):1108-15.
  • Stevens, J. P. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 1996.
  • Karasar, N. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2012.
  • Çapar İD, Arslan H. A survey of root canal irrigation practices among Turkish dentists. Int Endod J. 2016; 49: 124-32.
  • Dutner J, Mines P, Anderson A. Irrigation trends among American endodontists: a web-based survey. J Endod. 2012; 38: 37-40.
  • Williams JM, van der Sluis LW. A survey of root canal irrigation practices among general dental practitioners in the UK. Br Dent J. 2014; 216: E11.
  • Khan SA, Gaidhane H, Navit S, et al. Comparative evaluation of pulp dissolution and smear layer removal properties of various herbal extracts: an in vitro study. Adv Hum Biol. 2025; 15: 496-504.
  • Zou X, Zheng X, Liang Y, et al. Expert consensus on irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal therapy. Int J Oral Sci. 2024; 16: 23.
  • Dotto MEP, Guesser F, Savaris JM, et al. How the NaOCl solution concentration and temperature impact chlorine levels, tissue dissolution and pH. Braz Dent J. 2025; 21: 36: E256279.
  • Atav A, Zanza A, Gunes A, et al. Recent innovations in endodontic irrigation and effects on smear layer removal: an ex-vivo study. Clin Oral Investig. 2025; 29: 309.
  • Chogle SM, Khan AA, Desrosiers M. Modern Endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 1st Ed, Elsevier, p. 69-4, 2025.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Endodontics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Öznur Güçlüer Tuncay 0000-0001-7835-0439

Gözde Saraç 0000-0002-5420-678X

Çiğdem Apaydın 0000-0002-4457-3199

Submission Date November 12, 2025
Acceptance Date December 4, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Güçlüer Tuncay Ö, Saraç G, Apaydın Ç. Irrigation Solution and Activation System Usage Habits of Endodontists and Endodontic Assistants in Türkiye: A Survey Study. Akd Dent J. 2025;4(3):190-7.

Founded: 2022

Period: 3 Issues Per Year

Publisher: Akdeniz University