Research Article

Irrigation Solution and Activation System Usage Habits of Endodontists and Endodontic Assistants in Türkiye: A Survey Study

Volume: 4 Number: 3 December 30, 2025
EN TR

Irrigation Solution and Activation System Usage Habits of Endodontists and Endodontic Assistants in Türkiye: A Survey Study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the irrigation application habits and approaches to irrigation activation systems used during root canal treatment by endodontists and endodontic assistants in Türkiye. Material and Methods A three-part online questionnaire was distributed to endodontic specialists and endodontic assistants in Türkiye. The survey collected demographic data, information on irrigation solution and activation system usage, and attitudes via a 28-item Likert scale. Data from 156 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA to identify significant differences based on gender, age, and professional status. Results The most commonly used irrigant was NaOCl; 50% of participants used 2.5% concentration NaOCl, while 44% used 5.25% concentration NaOCl. EDTA (17%) and CHX (2%) were also widely used. Pulp vitality was found to influence the irrigation protocol for 66% of participants. Traditional syringe irrigation was the most preferred activation method. Significant differences in practices and attitudes were observed, particularly regarding the adoption of new activation technologies and cost considerations, depending on age and professional experience. Conclusion Endodontists in Türkiye generally follow current international standards regarding irrigation solutions. However, more experience and the adoption of modern irrigation activation systems are needed. More education and training in this area could improve clinical practices.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

As no human or animal subjects were used. Ethics Committee approval was not required. No patient information was used in the study, so there was no requirement for patient informed consent.

References

  1. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Favieri A, et al. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000; 26: 331-4.
  2. Basrani B, Haapasalo M. Update on endodontic irrigating solutions. Endod Topics. 2012; 27: 74-102.
  3. Gu L, Kim JR, Ling J, et al. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod. 2009; 35: 791-804.
  4. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32: 389-98.
  5. Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, et al. Evaluation of a sonic device to remove intracanal debris and smear layer. J Endod. 2010; 36: 1687-90.
  6. Adcock JM, Sidow SJ, Looney SW, et al. Histologic evaluation of canal and isthmus decontamination by passive ultrasonic irrigation in mature teeth. J Endod. 2011; 37: 517-21.
  7. Susin L, Liu Y, Yoon JC, et al. Canal and isthmus debridement efficacies of two irrigant agitation techniques in a closed-system model. Int Endod J. 2010; 43: 1077-90.
  8. van der Sluis LW, Versluis M, Wu MK, et al. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007; 40: 415-26.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Endodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

November 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 4, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 3

Vancouver
1.Öznur Güçlüer Tuncay, Gözde Saraç, Çiğdem Apaydın. Irrigation Solution and Activation System Usage Habits of Endodontists and Endodontic Assistants in Türkiye: A Survey Study. Akd Dent J. 2025 Dec. 1;4(3):190-7. doi:10.62268/add.1822266

Founded: 2022

Period: 3 Issues Per Year

Publisher: Akdeniz University