Research Article

An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study

Volume: 5 Number: 2 August 4, 2026
TR EN

An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objectives Dental anxiety (dental phobia) is a common psychological condition that significantly limits individuals’ access to oral and dental health services. This study aims to examine the demographic, psychological, and environmental determinants of dental phobia and to highlight its clinical significance. Material and Methods Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire developed by the researchers, consisting of two sections. The first section included questions regarding participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, sex, and educational level. The second section consisted of multiple-choice questions designed to assess participants’ levels of dental anxiety by evaluating their anxiety toward different dental procedures. The study sample consisted of 581 patients, including 222 males and 359 females. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for comparisons involving three or more groups. Results Dental anxiety was found to be higher among females and individuals with lower levels of education. Pre-appointment anxiety, avoidance behavior, physiological symptoms, and negative environmental exposures emerged as the strongest predictors of fear. Adverse dental experiences during childhood may contribute to the development of dental anxiety later in life. Dental anxiety levels increased as instrument-related discomfort increased. Although dentist-related factors (trust, explanation, and an empathetic approach) had a statistically significant effect on fear, their overall impact was relatively limited. Conclusion The findings emphasize the importance of anxiety-reducing strategies, the prevention of negative childhood experiences, and the strengthening of dentist–patient communication in the management of dental phobia.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Karabük University on April 7, 2026 (Decision No. 2026/2819).

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Dentistry (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 4, 2026

Submission Date

June 2, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 5 Number: 2

APA
Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, N., Topal, E., & Şahin, M. Ş. (2026). An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, 5(2), 188-195. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1961637
AMA
1.Yılmaz Çırakoğlu N, Topal E, Şahin MŞ. An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2026;5(2):188-195. doi:10.62268/add.1961637
Chicago
Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, Neslihan, Elif Topal, and Mehmet Şirin Şahin. 2026. “An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5 (2): 188-95. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1961637.
EndNote
Yılmaz Çırakoğlu N, Topal E, Şahin MŞ (August 1, 2026) An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5 2 188–195.
IEEE
[1]N. Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, E. Topal, and M. Ş. Şahin, “An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study”, Akd Dent J, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 188–195, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.62268/add.1961637.
ISNAD
Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, Neslihan - Topal, Elif - Şahin, Mehmet Şirin. “An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5/2 (August 1, 2026): 188-195. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1961637.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz Çırakoğlu N, Topal E, Şahin MŞ. An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2026;5:188–195.
MLA
Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, Neslihan, et al. “An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 188-95, doi:10.62268/add.1961637.
Vancouver
1.Neslihan Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, Elif Topal, Mehmet Şirin Şahin. An Investigation of Multiple Factors Influencing Patients’ Levels of Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2026 Aug. 1;5(2):188-95. doi:10.62268/add.1961637

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