Globalization of News: A Theoretical Evaluation

Abstract

Globalization of news dates back to the 19^th century. Concentration of news gathering and distribution process in the hands of few international news agencies is criticised for homogenisation of international news, one-way news flow from the developed countries to the developing countries, serving to the national interests of Western countries, having power to determine the international agenda and reinforcing the asymmetrical power relations between countries, thereby justifying the media imperialism thesis. However, there are some views opposing to these criticisms, claiming that the local media organisations domesticate international news to meet the tastes and interests of local audience, that today the global news does not flow in one-way from the West to the East and from the North to the South, instead there is a contra-flow thanks to the non-Western news actors like Al Jazeera, that digital technologies multiplied the news alternatives for news consumers and made each citizen with a smart phone a potential correspondent, thereby creating a pluralist news atmosphere. By reconsidering these views, each of which underlines a different part of the same whole, this article intends to provide an insight into the global background of the current news geography.

Keywords

• Global news,international news agencies,homogenisation,domestication

Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Haberin küreselleşme süreci uluslararası haber ajanslarının kurulduğu 19. yüzyıla kadar uzanmaktadır. Haberin üretim ve dağıtım sürecinin az sayıdaki uluslararası haber ajansının kontrolünde olması uluslararası haberlerde tektipleşmeye ve gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru tek yanlı haber akışına yol açma, Batılı ülkelerin ulusal çıkarlarına hizmet etme, uluslararası kamuoyu gündemini belirleme gücüne sahip olma ve ülkeler arasındaki asimetrik güç ilişkilerini pekiştirerek medya emperyalizmi tezini haklı çıkarma gibi eleştirilere yol açmıştır. Bu eleştirilerin karşısında ise, yerli medya kuruluşlarının dış haberleri yerel izleyicilerin hassasiyet ve ilgilerine uyarlayarak yerelleştirdiği, günümüzde haberin yalnızca Batı'dan Doğu'ya ve Kuzey'den Güney'e tek yönlü olarak akmadığı, Al Jazeera gibi Batılı olmayan aktörlerin haber piyasasına girmesi sonucunda haberde karşı akışın da yaşandığı, dijital teknolojiler sayesinde haber tüketicilerinin alternatiflerinin arttığı ve elinde akıllı telefonu bulunan sıradan vatandaşların bile potansiyel muhabir haline geldiği, böylece çoğulcu bir ortamın oluştuğu görüşleri yer almaktadır. Tümü aynı bütünün farklı yönlerine işaret eden bu tartışmaların yeniden gündeme getirilmesi günümüzdeki haber coğrafyasının küresel arka planını anlamaya katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Küresel haber,uluslararası haber ajansları,tektipleşme,yerelleştirme

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