Globalization of News: A Theoretical Evaluation

Yıl 2018, , 77 - 92, 01.09.2018

Sibel Varol

https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055

Öz

Globalization of news dates back to the 19^th
century. Concentration of news gathering and distribution process in the hands
of few international news agencies is criticised for homogenisation of international
news, one-way news flow from the developed countries to the developing
countries, serving to the national interests of Western countries, having power
to determine the international agenda and reinforcing the asymmetrical power
relations between countries, thereby justifying the media imperialism thesis.
However, there are some views opposing to these criticisms, claiming that the
local media organisations domesticate international news to meet the tastes and
interests of local audience, that today the global news does not flow in
one-way from the West to the East and from the North to the South, instead
there is a contra-flow thanks to the non-Western news actors like Al Jazeera,
that digital technologies multiplied the news alternatives for news consumers
and made each citizen with a smart phone a potential correspondent, thereby
creating a pluralist news atmosphere. By reconsidering these views, each of
which underlines a different part of the same whole, this article intends to
provide an insight into the global background of the current news geography.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global news, international news agencies, homogenisation, domestication

Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Haberin küreselleşme süreci
uluslararası haber ajanslarının kurulduğu 19. yüzyıla kadar uzanmaktadır.
Haberin üretim ve dağıtım sürecinin az sayıdaki uluslararası haber ajansının
kontrolünde olması uluslararası haberlerde tektipleşmeye ve gelişmiş ülkelerden
gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru tek yanlı haber akışına yol açma, Batılı
ülkelerin ulusal çıkarlarına hizmet etme, uluslararası kamuoyu gündemini
belirleme gücüne sahip olma ve ülkeler arasındaki asimetrik güç ilişkilerini
pekiştirerek medya emperyalizmi tezini haklı çıkarma gibi eleştirilere yol
açmıştır. Bu eleştirilerin karşısında ise, yerli medya kuruluşlarının dış
haberleri yerel izleyicilerin hassasiyet ve ilgilerine uyarlayarak
yerelleştirdiği, günümüzde haberin yalnızca Batı'dan Doğu'ya ve Kuzey'den
Güney'e tek yönlü olarak akmadığı, Al Jazeera gibi Batılı olmayan aktörlerin
haber piyasasına girmesi sonucunda haberde karşı akışın da yaşandığı, dijital
teknolojiler sayesinde haber tüketicilerinin alternatiflerinin arttığı ve
elinde akıllı telefonu bulunan sıradan vatandaşların bile potansiyel muhabir
haline geldiği, böylece çoğulcu bir ortamın oluştuğu görüşleri yer almaktadır.
Tümü aynı bütünün farklı yönlerine işaret eden bu tartışmaların yeniden gündeme
getirilmesi günümüzdeki haber coğrafyasının küresel arka planını anlamaya
katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel haber, uluslararası haber ajansları, tektipleşme, yerelleştirme

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