Gıda Kaynaklı Toxoplasma Gondii'ye Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 5, 36 - 45, 31.03.2023

Ali Anıl Süleymanoğlu , Kadir Gönen

Öz

Toksoplazma gondii zorunlu hücre içi bir parazit olup gıdalar aracılığıyla toplum sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Parazitin özellikle toplumun belli kesimlerini (immun sistemi baskılanmış bireyler, gebeler) daha çok etkilediği görülüp gıda kaynaklı en önemli paraziter etkenlerden biridir. Bilim dünyasındaki gelişmeler ile farklı analiz yöntemleri (histopatolojik yöntemler, moleküler genetik yöntemler) ile tanı ve teşhisi gerçekleştirilebilmektedir ve toksoplazmosize neden olan bu parazitin gıdalara bulaşmasının engellenmesi için çeşitli kalite kontrol yöntemleri (HACCP, GMP) kullanılmaktadır. Ek olarak gıdalar üzerinde bulunan ookistlerin inaktivasyonu için çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Etkenin gıdalar aracılığıyla insanlara bulaşmasında çiğ ve az pişmiş ürünler ya da iyi yıkanmamış ürünlerin rolü fazla olup bu nedenle parazitin yaşam siklusunun bozulması toplum sağlığı için gereklidir. Yaygın şekilde bulunan bu parazitin, çoğu enfekte ettiği insanda belirti göstermemesinden dolayı gerçek vaka sayısı net olarak bilinmemektedir. Toksoplazma gondii, son konağı kediler olup kanatlı ve sürüngenler, çiftlik hayvanlarında bulunabilmesi geniş bir yayılım gösterdiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle etkenin izlenmesi güçtür. Gıda ürünleri aracılığıyla taşınabilen bu etkeninin daha iyi anlaşılması, farkındalığın artması ile tarama, teşhis ve eliminasyon yöntemlerinin uygulanabilir olması toplum sağlığı açısından şarttır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toksoplazma gondii, Gıda Kaynaklı Parazit, Toplum Sağlığı

Kaynakça

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