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Güvenlikli Sitelerde Yönetimin İşlevleri ve Güç İlişkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 155 - 172, 29.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.595251

Abstract
























































Güvenlikli Sitelerde Yönetimin
İşlevleri ve Güç İlişkileri



ÖZ



Bu makale,
güvenlikli sitelerde ortaya çıkan yönetim sistemlerini yapı, işlev ve site
içerisindeki güç ilişkileri açısından ele almaktadır. Güvenlikli siteler her
geçen gün yaygınlaşmasıyla bu yeni yaşam alanlarını tercih eden kentli nüfus da
her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu durum güvenlikli siteleri kentsel yaşam açısından
daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Güvenlikli siteler üzerine yapılan
araştırmalar genellikle sosyo-mekansal ayrışma, dışlanma ve cemaat arayışı gibi
konulara odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise güvenlikli siteler, site yönetimi
açıdan değerlendirilmektedir. Güvenlikli sitelerde ortaya çıkan yönetimlerin
ekonomik açıdan güçlü olmaları, yerel demokrasi açısından site sakinlerini temsil
güçlerinin olması ve yerel yönetimlerin alt yapı, temizlik, güvenlik vb. gibi
bazı işlevlerini site sınırları içinde yerine getirmesi güvenlikli siteleri
kentlerin yönetimi açısından önemli bir konu haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışma
ile güvenlikli site yönetimlerinin yerel yönetimlerin işlevlerini yerine
getirebilecek düzeyde gelişip gelişmediğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Bu amaçla çalışmada güvenlikli sitelerdeki yönetim yapıları ve site içi güç
ilişkileri incelenmektedir. Güvenlikli sitlerin yönetim yapıları incelenirken
site yönetiminin oluşturulması, site yönetimlerinin işlevleri, site
sakinlerinin site yönetimine katılım durumları, sitede yönetim oluşturulması
gibi noktalara odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmaktadır.
Çalışmanın verileri Türkiye’nin başkenti Ankara’nın Çankaya ve Eryaman
bölgelerindeki güvenlikli sitelerde yaşayan site sakinleri ve site
yöneticileriyle yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma
sonucunda güvenlikli sitelerde yönetim yapısının sitenin büyüklüğüne göre
değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca güvenlikli site yönetimlerinin hem site
içerisinde hem de yerel yönetimle ilişkilerde önemli işlevlerinin olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Ancak güvenlikli site sakinlerinin bu işlevlerin öneminin
bilincinde olmadıkları görülmüştür.



Anahtar Kelimeler: Güvenlikli siteler,
site yönetimi, yerel yönetim, güç ilişkileri




















Functions of Homeowner Associations and Power Relations



in the Gated Communities





ABSTRACT



This article examines the management systems of gated communities in
terms of structure, function and power relations within the site. With the
expansion of the gated communities, the urban population living on these
complexes is increasing day by day. Accordingly, gated communities are becoming
more and more important in terms of urban life. Researches conducted on gated
communities is often related to issues such as socio-spatial segregation,
exclusion and seeking community. In this study, the gated communities are
considered from the management point of view. The aim of the study is to
indicate whether homeowners’ associations of gated communities have improved at
a level of performing the functions of local governments. For this purpose, the
management structures in the gated communities and the power relations within
these communities are studied. While exploring the management structures of the
gated communities, the focus is on formation of homeowner associations, the
functions of homeowner associations, the participation of the residents in the
community management, and formation of homeowner associations on the
communities. Qualitative research method is applied in the study. The study's
data have been obtained from in-depth interviews conducted with residents
living in gated communities and managers in Çankaya and Eryaman regions of
Ankara, Turkey's capital city. As a result of the study, it was determined that
the management structure of the gated communities differs according to the size
of the community. In addition, it was found out that homeowner associations
have important functions both within the community and in relations with local
governments. However, it was observed that the residents of the gated
communities are not aware of the importance of these functions.



Keywords: Gated communities, homeowner associations, local government,
power relation








References

  • Alver K. (2010). Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekânsal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler (2.b.). Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
  • Ayata S. (2002). The new middle class and the joys of suburbia in: D. Kandiyoti and A. Saktanber (Eds) Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey, (pp. 25 – 43). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Blakely, J. E. and Snyder G. M. (1997). Fortress America: Gating Communities in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press and Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Blandy, S. and Lister, D. (2005). Gated Communities: (Ne)Gating Community Development? Housing Studies. 20(2), 287-301.
  • Blandy, S., Dixon J. and Dupuis A. (2006). Theorising Power Relationships in Multi-owned Residential Developments: Unpacking the Bundle of Rights. Urban Studies, 43(13), 2365-2383.
  • Blandy, S., and Wang, F., (2013). Curbing the Power of Developers? Lav and Power in Chinese and English Gated Urban Enclaves. Geoforum, 47, pp. 199-208.
  • Caldeira, T., (2000). City of Walls: Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in Sao Paulo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Danış, D. (2001). İstanbul’da Uydu Yerleşmelerin Yaygınlaşması: Bahçeşehir Örneği. 21. Yüzyıl Karşısında Kent ve İnsan. Gümüşoğlu, F. (Haz.), (ss. 151-160), İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
  • Danış, D., Perouse, J. F. (2005). Zenginliğin Mekânda Yeni Yansımaları: İstanbul’da Güvenlikli Siteler. Toplum ve Bilim. 22(3). 92-103.
  • Frantz, K., (2006). Private gated neighbourhoods: a progressive trend in US urban development. in, Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, G. Blasze, C. Webster and K. Frantz, (Eds), (pp. 61-73). Londan and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Geniş Ş. (2007) Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 44(4), 771-798.
  • Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism. Routledge, London.
  • Judd, D. (1995). The Rise of the New Walled Cities. In Spatial Practices, Ligget,H. & Perry, D. (Eds.), (pp.144-165). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kurtuluş H. (2011) Gated Communities as a Representation of New Upper and Middle Classes in Istanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 49-65.
  • Lang R. E. and Danielsen K. A. (1997). Gated communities in America: walling out the world? Housing Policy Debate 8(4): 867–877.
  • Le Goix, R. (2006). Gated Communities As Predators Of Public Resources: The Outcomes Of 73 Fading Boundaries Between Private Management And Public Authorities in southern California, in, Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, G. Blasze, C. Webster and K. Frantz, (Eds), (pp. 73-86). Londan and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Le Goix, R. and Webster, C., (2006). Gated Communities, Sustainable Cities and a Tragedy of the Urban Commons. Critical Planning, v. 13. 41-62.
  • Low S. (2003) Behind the Gates: Life, Security and The Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge.
  • McKenzie E. (2011). Beyond Privatopia: Rethinking Residential Private Government. Washington, DC.: The Urban Institute Press.
  • McKenzie E. (1994). Privatopia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • McKenzie E. (2006). Construction the Pomerium in Las Vegas: A Case Study of Emerging Trends in American Gated Communities, Housing Studies, 20(2), 187-203.
  • Öncü, A. (1997). The myth of ‘ideal home’ travels across cultural borders in Istanbul, in Space, Power and Culture. A. Öncü and P. Weyland, (Eds), pp. 56–72. London: Zed Books.
  • Roitman S. (2005). Who Segregates Whom? The Analysis of a Gated Community in Mendoza, Argentina. Housing Studies. 20 (2): 303–321.
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated Communities: Definations, Causes and Consequences. Urban Design and Planning. 163. 31-38.
  • Vesselinow E. (2008). Members Only: Gated Communities and Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan United States. Sociological Forum. 23(3): 536-555.
  • Webster, C. (2001). Gated Cities of Tomorrow: A Pragmatic Path to Urban Reform. Town Planning Review. 72(2): 149–169.
  • Webster, C. (2002). Property rights and the public realm: Gates, green belts and Gemeinschaft, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29(3), 397–412.
Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 155 - 172, 29.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.595251

Abstract

References

  • Alver K. (2010). Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekânsal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler (2.b.). Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
  • Ayata S. (2002). The new middle class and the joys of suburbia in: D. Kandiyoti and A. Saktanber (Eds) Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey, (pp. 25 – 43). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Blakely, J. E. and Snyder G. M. (1997). Fortress America: Gating Communities in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press and Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Blandy, S. and Lister, D. (2005). Gated Communities: (Ne)Gating Community Development? Housing Studies. 20(2), 287-301.
  • Blandy, S., Dixon J. and Dupuis A. (2006). Theorising Power Relationships in Multi-owned Residential Developments: Unpacking the Bundle of Rights. Urban Studies, 43(13), 2365-2383.
  • Blandy, S., and Wang, F., (2013). Curbing the Power of Developers? Lav and Power in Chinese and English Gated Urban Enclaves. Geoforum, 47, pp. 199-208.
  • Caldeira, T., (2000). City of Walls: Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in Sao Paulo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Danış, D. (2001). İstanbul’da Uydu Yerleşmelerin Yaygınlaşması: Bahçeşehir Örneği. 21. Yüzyıl Karşısında Kent ve İnsan. Gümüşoğlu, F. (Haz.), (ss. 151-160), İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
  • Danış, D., Perouse, J. F. (2005). Zenginliğin Mekânda Yeni Yansımaları: İstanbul’da Güvenlikli Siteler. Toplum ve Bilim. 22(3). 92-103.
  • Frantz, K., (2006). Private gated neighbourhoods: a progressive trend in US urban development. in, Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, G. Blasze, C. Webster and K. Frantz, (Eds), (pp. 61-73). Londan and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Geniş Ş. (2007) Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 44(4), 771-798.
  • Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism. Routledge, London.
  • Judd, D. (1995). The Rise of the New Walled Cities. In Spatial Practices, Ligget,H. & Perry, D. (Eds.), (pp.144-165). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kurtuluş H. (2011) Gated Communities as a Representation of New Upper and Middle Classes in Istanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 49-65.
  • Lang R. E. and Danielsen K. A. (1997). Gated communities in America: walling out the world? Housing Policy Debate 8(4): 867–877.
  • Le Goix, R. (2006). Gated Communities As Predators Of Public Resources: The Outcomes Of 73 Fading Boundaries Between Private Management And Public Authorities in southern California, in, Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, G. Blasze, C. Webster and K. Frantz, (Eds), (pp. 73-86). Londan and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Le Goix, R. and Webster, C., (2006). Gated Communities, Sustainable Cities and a Tragedy of the Urban Commons. Critical Planning, v. 13. 41-62.
  • Low S. (2003) Behind the Gates: Life, Security and The Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge.
  • McKenzie E. (2011). Beyond Privatopia: Rethinking Residential Private Government. Washington, DC.: The Urban Institute Press.
  • McKenzie E. (1994). Privatopia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • McKenzie E. (2006). Construction the Pomerium in Las Vegas: A Case Study of Emerging Trends in American Gated Communities, Housing Studies, 20(2), 187-203.
  • Öncü, A. (1997). The myth of ‘ideal home’ travels across cultural borders in Istanbul, in Space, Power and Culture. A. Öncü and P. Weyland, (Eds), pp. 56–72. London: Zed Books.
  • Roitman S. (2005). Who Segregates Whom? The Analysis of a Gated Community in Mendoza, Argentina. Housing Studies. 20 (2): 303–321.
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated Communities: Definations, Causes and Consequences. Urban Design and Planning. 163. 31-38.
  • Vesselinow E. (2008). Members Only: Gated Communities and Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan United States. Sociological Forum. 23(3): 536-555.
  • Webster, C. (2001). Gated Cities of Tomorrow: A Pragmatic Path to Urban Reform. Town Planning Review. 72(2): 149–169.
  • Webster, C. (2002). Property rights and the public realm: Gates, green belts and Gemeinschaft, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29(3), 397–412.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Levent Taş 0000-0001-5147-2014

Publication Date March 29, 2020
Submission Date July 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Taş, L. (2020). Güvenlikli Sitelerde Yönetimin İşlevleri ve Güç İlişkileri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.595251