Depreme Hazırlık Tutum ve İnançları Ölçeği: Planlı Davranış Kuramına Dayalı Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Öz

Doğa kaynaklı tehlikelerden biri olan depremler sonucunda, toplumun tehlikeyle baş etme kapasitesine bağlı olarak Türkiye’de ve tüm dünyada birçok farklı boyutta kayıplar yaşanmaktadır. Ancak doğru şekilde ortaya konan afet risk yönetimi anlayışıyla deprem tehlikesine bağlı olarak meydana gelebilecek olası afetlerin engellenebildiği görülmektedir. Bireysel hazırlık davranışlarının gerçekleştirilmesi de afet risk yönetimi sürecinin bir parçasıdır. Bu doğrultuda mevcut çalışmanın amacı; Planlı Davranış Kuramı (PDK) çerçevesinde depreme hazırlık davranışlarına yönelik tutum ve inançları ölçen bir ölçüm aracının geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dokuz maddeden oluşan ölçeğin madde analizi (MA) ve açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) yürütülmüş; AFA sonucu elde edilen faktör yapısı, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak yürütülen doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle (DFA) farklı bir örneklemde test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasının örneklemi Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde ikamet eden 152 yetişkin katılımcıdan; ikinci aşamanın örneklemi ise İstanbul’da ikamet eden 577 yetişkin katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında yürütülen analizlerin bulgularına göre, tutumlar, öznel normlar, algılanan davranışsal kontrol ve niyet faktörleri toplam varyansın %75’ini açıklarken ölçeğin tamamının Cronbach’ın Alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı 0.77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında yürütülen DFA’da ise TLI ve RMSEA değerinin kabul edilebilir uyum aralığında olduğu, SRMR ve CFI değerlerinin ise iyi uyum aralığında olduğu görülmektedir. DFA bulguları, beklenen model ile gözlenen modelin uyumlu olduğu yönünde değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen MA, AFA ve DFA sonucunda, planlı davranış kuramı temel alınarak geliştirilen Depreme Hazırlık Tutum ve İnançları Ölçeği’nin depreme hazırlık davranışlarına yönelik tutum ve inançların ölçümünde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afete Hazırlık
• Depreme Hazırlık
• Halk Sağlığı
• Planlı Davranış Kuramı
• Sağlık Psikolojisi

Earthquake Preparedness Attitudes and Beliefs Scale: A Scale Development Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract

As a result of earthquakes, depending on the community’s capacity to cope with the danger, losses are experienced in many different dimensions in Turkey and all over the world. However, with an efficient disaster risk management approach, it is possible to prevent the hazard from turning into a disaster. The aim of the study is to develop a scale based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The study consisted of two stages, first stage including Item Analysis (IA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and the second stage including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sample sizes were 152 and 577, respectively, in the two stages. According to the IA and EFA findings, the factors called attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention explained 75% of the total variance, and the Cronbach’ın’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient value of the entire scale was calculated as 0.77. According to the CFA findings, the TLI, RMSEA, SRMR and CFI values indicated acceptable or good model fit. As a result of the CFA, it was concluded that the expected model and the observed model were fitted. In sum, the findings of the analyses indicated that the Earthquake Preparedness Attitudes and Beliefs Scale based on the theory of planned behavior, which consists of eight items, is valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure attitudes toward and beliefs about earthquake preparedness behaviors.

Keywords

• Disaster Preparedness
• Earthquake Preparedness
• Health Psychology
• Public Health
• The Theory of Planned Behavior

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