Suggestion for Developing a Midwifery Care Model for Migrant and Refugee Women in Disasters: Review

Abstract

Disasters are events that occur suddenly in nature and cause people to suffer economic and social losses. In addition to the problems migrant and refugee women face due to migration, they become even more vulnerable to disasters and suffer disproportionately from disasters. In disasters, the local and social proximity of midwives to the communities they serve has an important potential to prevent maternal mortality. To provide care to migrant and refugee women in disasters, it is vital to develop and implement a disaster-specific care model for these women. In the literature, it is stated that when intervening with migrant and refugee women experiencing disasters, the health professional should recognize the current disease history, community backgrounds and family roles, cultural difference is an obstacle to access to health care, and women are more vulnerable than men. While even non-migrant women have difficulty accessing pregnancy and childbirth services in disaster situations, it is critical that refugee and migrant women at risk have access to these services. Midwives, as health professionals providing primary care to women, have the responsibility of being the first authorized persons to reach women in times of disaster. In this review, it is aimed to propose the development of a midwifery care model for migrant and refugee women in disasters because of Leininger Cultural Care Model, Selye Stress Theory, Roy Adaptation Model.

Keywords

• Disaster
• Midwifery Care
• Immigrant
• Women’s Health
• Refugee

Afetlerde Göçmen ve Mülteci Kadınlara Yönelik Ebelik Bakım Modeli Geliştirme Önerisi: Derleme

Öz

Afetler, doğada ani olarak meydana gelen ve insanların ekonomik ile sosyal açıdan kayıplar yaşamasına neden olan olaylardır. Göçmen ve mülteci kadınlar, yaşadıkları göç nedeniyle yaşadıkları sorunların yanı sıra afetler karşısında daha da savunmasız hale gelmektedirler ve afetlerden orantısız olarak zarar görmektedirler. Afetlerde, ebelerin hizmet verdikleri topluluklara yerel ve toplumsal olarak yakın olmaları, anne ölümlerini önleme konusunda önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Afet durumunda göçmen ve mülteci kadınlara bakım verilebilmesi için bu kadınlara yönelik afete özgü bakım modelinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması hayati önem taşımaktadır. Literatürde, afet yaşayan göçmen ve mülteci kadınlara müdahale edilirken sağlık profesyonelinin mevcut hastalık öyküsünü, toplum geçmişlerini ve aile rollerini tanıması gerektiği, kültürel farklılığın sağlık hizmetine erişimde engel olduğu, kadınların erkeklere göre daha savunmasız olduğu belirtilmektedir. Afet durumlarında göçmen olmayan kadınlar dahi gebelik ve doğum hizmetlerine ulaşmakta zorluk çekerken, risk altındaki mülteci ve göçmen kadınların bu hizmetlere erişimi kritik öneme sahiptir. Ebeler, kadınlara birincil bakım sunan sağlık profesyonelleri olarak, afet anlarında kadınlara ulaşan ilk yetkili kişiler olma sorumluluğunu taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, Leininger Kültürel Bakım Modeli, Selye Stres Kuramı, Roy Adaptasyon Modeli temelinde, afetlerde göçmen ve mülteci kadınlara yönelik ebelik bakım modelinin geliştirme önerisinde bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Ebelik Bakımı
• Göçmen
• Kadın Sağlığı
• Mülteci

Kaynakça

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