The effects of continuously wetting-drying cycles on pre-weathered and oil-coated rowan (Sorbus torminalis) wood

Year 2024, , 13 - 17, 27.06.2024

Halil Turgut Şahin , Uğur Özkan

https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1467534

Abstract

The naturally weathered and then oil-coated (Teak oil) Rowan wood (Sorbus torminalis) was subjected to distilled (A) and swimming pool water (B) aging treatments with continuous wetting-drying up to the third cycle. Treatment conditions and water aging types seem to influence color variables somewhat. The highest lightness (ΔL*), redness (Δa*), and yellowness (Δb*) changes were measured in samples that were continuously aged at the third cycle procedure in swimming pool water, respectively. Similar results have also been observed for total color changes, such that pool water had higher discoloration effects on color values compared to distilled water at similar conditions, while increasing the cycle usually further lowered discoloration. The highest color change value of ΔEB3: 10.49 (metric) was found in the third cycle in pool water treatment, followed by a value of ΔEB2: 9.42 (metric) in the second cycle and a value of ΔEB1: 1.71 (metric) in the first cycle, respectively. Color changes could be employed as a sensitive physical indicator of coating aging, which can be correlated to the associated chemical changes. All aging processes have lower gloss values than control in all aging procedures, regardless of water type. The lowest gloss value of 1.2 GU was noticed at the third cycle in swimming pool treatments. It is also notable that the most dramatic effect on surface hardness (Shore D) was found after the first cycle, while the lowest hardness values of 38 (metric) and 33 (metric) were found in swimming pools and distilled pure water-treated samples, respectively.

Keywords

Weathered Rowan wood, teak oil, color changes, glossiness, surface hardness

Sürekli ıslatma-kurutma döngülerinin ön yaşlandırılmış ve yağla kaplanmış üvez (Sorbus torminalis) odunu üzerindeki etkileri

Abstract

Atmosferik dış şartlarda yaşlandırma işlemine tabii tutulmuş Üvez odunları (Sorbus torminalis), yağ esaslı yüzey işlem maddesi (Tik yağı) ile işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra damıtılmış saf su (A) ve yüzme havuz suyu (B) ile sürekli ıslatma-kurutmaya tabii tutularak yaşlandırma işlemleri üç döngü olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. İşlem koşullarının ve suda yaşlandırma türlerinin renk değişkenlerini bir dereceye kadar etkilediği görülmektedir. En yüksek parlaklık (ΔL*), kırmızılık (Δa*) ve sarılık (Δb*) değerlerinde meydana gelen farklıklar, yüzme havuz suyu ile muamele edilmiş üçüncü döngü prosedüründe yaşlandırılmış numunelerde ölçülmüştür. Toplam renk değişimleri için de benzer sonuçlar gözlemlenmiş, havuz yüzme suyunun renk değerleri üzerinde, benzer koşullarda damıtılmış suya göre daha yüksek oranda renk değiştirme etkisine sahip olduğu, kurutma-ıslatma döngüsünün arttırılmasının ise genellikle renk bozulmasını daha da artırdığı anlaşılmıştır. En yüksek renk değişimi değeri ΔEB3: 10.49 (metrik) ile havuz suyu ile üçüncü döngüde elde edilirken, bunu ikinci döngüde ΔEB2: 9.42 (metrik) değeri ve ilk döngüde ise ΔEB1: 1.71 (metrik) değeri ile takip etmiştir. Örneklerin renklerinde meydana gelen değişiklikler, uygulanan yüzey işlem maddesinin yaşlanması sonucu oluşan kimyasal reaksiyonlarla ilişkili olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tüm yaşlandırma işlemine tabi tutulan numunelerin parlaklık değerleri, su türünden bağımsız olarak kontrol örneğinden daha düşük olarak belirlenmiştir. Yüzme havuzu yaşlandırmalarında numunelerin en düşük parlaklık değeri 1.2 GU ile üçüncü döngüde belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yüzey sertliği (Shore D) üzerindeki en çarpıcı etkinin ilk döngüden sonra bulunması dikkat çekicidir ki en düşük sertlik değerleri ise 38 (metrik) ve 33 (metrik) olarak sırası ile yüzme havuzunda ve damıtılmış saf su ile işlem görmüş numunelerde bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Yaşlandırılmış üvez ağacı, tik yağı, renk değişimi, parlaklık, yüzey sertliği

References

• Broda, M., 2020. Natural compounds for wood protection against fungi-a review. Molecules, 25(15), 3538.
• Feist, W.C., 1990. Outdoor wood weathering and protection. Archaeological wood, properties, chemistry, and preservation. Advanced in Chemistry Series, (225), 263-298.
• Feist, W.C., Hon, D.N.S., 1984. Chemistry of weathering and protection. The chemistry of solid wood, 207, 401-451.
• Gindl, M., Reiterer, A., Sinn, G., Stanzl-Tschegg, S.E., 2004. Effects of surface ageing on wettability, surface chemistry, and adhesion of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 62(4), 273-280.
• Kržišnik, D., Lesar, B., Thaler, N., Humar, M., 2018. Influence of natural and artificial weathering on the colour change of different wood and wood-based materials. Forests, 9(8), 488. Kubler, H., 1980. Wood as building and hobby material, John Wiley & Sons, NY
• Oberhofnerová, E., Pánek, M., García-Cimarras, A., 2017. The effect of natural weathering on untreated wood surface. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 19(2), 173-184. Palashev, Y., 1994. Change in the wood colour under the influence of climatic factors. Naukaza Gorata, 31(2), 65-71. Pánek, M., Reinprecht, L., 2014. Colour stability and surface defects of naturally aged wood treated with transparent paints for exterior constructions. Wood Research, 59(3), 421-430.
• Pánek, M., Reinprecht, L., 2016. Effect of vegetable oils on the colour stability of four tropical woods during natural and artificial weathering. J Wood Sci, 62, 74–84.
• Reinprecht, L., Nosál, E., Jaš, F., 2018. The impact of accelerated weathering on the mold resistance and color stability of the Morway spruce wood treated with naturalis oils. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen res Publica Slovaca, 60(2), 95-106.
• Sahin, H., 2021. Evaluation of Natural Oil Adducts in Alkyd-Based Varnish Emulsion and Effect on Rowan (Sorbus torminalis)
• Wood. Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology, 7(3), 56-63.
• Sell, J. and Fesit W.C., 1986. U.S. and European finishes for weather exposed wood-a comparison. Forest Prod. J., 36(4), 37-41.
• Šimunková K., Pánek M., Zeidler A., 2018. Comparison of selected properties of shellac varnish for restoration and polyurethane varnish for reconstruction of historical artefacts. Coatings, 8(4), 12.
• Singh T., Singh AP., 2012. A review on natural products as wood protectant. Wood Sci. Technol., 46, 851-870.
• Tesařová, D., Cech, P., 2015. Influence of classic finished surfaces of massive wood on indoor environment. Pro Ligno, 11(4), 294-300.
• Timar, M. C., Varodi, A. M., Liu, X. Y., 2020. The influence of artificial ageing on selected properties of wood surfaces finished with traditional materials-an assessment for conservation purposes. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series II: Forestry• Wood Industry• Agricultural Food Engineering, 81-94.
• Tolvaj, L., Mitsui, K., Varga, D., 2011. Validity limits of Kubelka–Munk theory for DRIFT spectra of photodegraded solid wood. Wood Science and Technology, 45, 135-146.
• Tolvaj, L., Németh, K., 2008. Correlation between hue-angle and colour lightness of steamed black locust wood. Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica, 2008(4), 55-59.
• Williams, R.S., Knaebe, M., 2000. Restoration of severely weathered wood. Journal of Coatings Technology, 72(902), 43-51.
• Williams, R.S., Sotos, P., Feist, W.C., 1999. Evaluation of several finishes on severely weathered wood. Journal of Coatings Technology, 71(895), 97-102.
• Williams, R.S., Winandy, J.E., Feist, W.C., 1987. Paint adhesion to weathered wood. Journal of Coatings Technology, 59(749), 43.
• Williams, R.S., Winandy, J.E., Feist, W.C., 2002. Correlation of adhesive strength with service life of paint applied to weathered wood. In Proceedings of the 9’th Durability of Building Materials and Components Conference held 17-20, March 2002, in Brisbane, Australia. Sl: sn, 2002: 11 p.