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The Importance, Applications, and Properties of Foams Used in the Furniture Industry

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 60 - 68, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1666489

Abstract

The use of foam materials in the furniture industry is of great importance due to their advantages, such as lightness, low cost, and reduced raw material consumption. In addition, the utilization of polymer-based foam materials have been rapidly increasing owing to their favorable properties, such as high impact resistance, enhanced toughness, improved thermal stability, and reduced electrical and thermal conductivity. Among these, flexible polyurethane foams have become an indispensable raw material in the furniture industry. The types of foams used in furniture design vary depending on physical properties such as density, hardness, and flexibility, making them suitable for wide range of applications. The availability of foams with different density levels provides manufacturers with the opportunity to make their products more ergonomic, durable, and comfortable. Moreover, modern polyurethane foam technologies are supported by developments aimed at environmentally friendly material production. In this study, the importance, application areas, and properties of foams used in the furniture industry are examined in detail, and current developments in the sector are comprehensively evaluated. In particular, the utilization recyclable foam materials and sustainable production methods are also investigated, and potential future innovations are discussed.

References

  • Anonim. (2025, Şubat 10). Sünger üretiminde yapılan işlemler. https://endustriyelkesim.com/sunger-uretimi/
  • Anonim. (2025a, Şubat 10) Sünger üretimi. https://puyolkimya.com/urun-1-ozel-kesim-sungerler.html
  • Anonim. (2025b, Şubat 10). Sünger çeşitleri ve kullanım alanları. https://endustriyelkesim.com/sunger-cesitleri-ve-kullanim-alanlari/#Sunger_Secimi_ve_Uygulama_Alanlarinin_Genisligi
  • Anonim, (2025c, Şubat 10). Sünger dansite. https://www.marmarakoltuk.com/dosemelik-sunger/
  • Anonim. (2025d, Şubat 10). Poliüretan hakkında. https://www.marfom.com/poliuretan-hakkinda/
  • Anonim. (2025e, Şubat 10). Kimyasal üretim. https://www.birliksunger.com/sayfa.php?kat=4
  • Anonim. (2025f, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/uretIm.html
  • Anonim. (2025g, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/sogutma.html
  • Anonim. (2025h, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/kesIm.html
  • Anonim. (2025ı, Şubat 10). Kalite kontrol. https://www.marfom.com/kalite-kontrol/
  • Ashida, K. (2007). Polyurethane foams: properties and applications in furniture design. Progress in Polymer Science, 32(8-9), 1047–1076.
  • ASTM C518. (2017). Standard test method for steady-state thermal transmission properties by means of the heat flow meter apparatus. ASTM International.
  • Członka, S., Strąkowska, A., & Strzelec, K. (2019). Rigid polyurethane foams with improved mechanical properties for furniture applications. Journal of Materials Science, 54(12), 8952–8966.
  • Defonseka, C. (2013). Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams in furniture manufacturing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 130(2), 987–995.
  • Defonseka, C. (2019). Two-component polyurethane systems: innovative processing methods. De Gruyter.
  • Efstathiu, K. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of a polyurethane prepolymer for the development of a novel acrylate-based polymer foam. Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1–57.
  • Gama, N. V., Silva, R., & Soares, B. (2018). Polyurethane foams for acoustic and thermal insulation in furniture applications. Polymers, 10(9), 1013.
  • ISO-845. (2006). Test standardı yöntemi. Cellular plastics and rubbers – Determination of apparent density. Third edition.
  • ISO-1798. (2008). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of tear strength. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-1856. (2008). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of compression set. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-3385. (2014). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of fatigue by constant-load pounding. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-3386-1. (2025). Test standardı yöntemi. Polymeric materials, cellular flexible. Determination of stress-strain characteristic in compression. Low-density materials (British Standard).
  • ISO-8067. (2018). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of tear strength. Third edition.
  • Karaağaç, B., & Şimşek, B. (2018). Poliüretan köpüklerin mobilya endüstrisindeki kullanımı ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Polytechnic, 21(3), 645–652.
  • Kausar, A. (2017). Polyurethane foams for furniture: advances in health safety and environmental sustainability. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 56(12), 1295–1308.
  • Lee, S. T., & Ramesh, N. S. (2004). Polymeric foams: technology and developments in furniture and bedding applications. Polymer Engineering & Science, 44(10), 1835–1845.
  • Oprea, S., & Vlad, S. (2015). Polyurethane foams for furniture: synthesis and properties. Materials Science Forum, 827, 215–220.
  • Randall, D., & Lee, S. (2002). The polyurethanes book: applications in furniture and beyond. Polymer Reviews, 42(3), 355–375.
  • Szycher, M. (2012). Advances in polyurethane foam technology for furniture applications. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 48(5), 389–410.
  • UL-94, (2001). Tests for flammability of plastic materials for partscin devices and appliances.
  • Zafar, U., Hare, C., & Mohamed, M. (2020). Sustainable polyurethane foams for furniture: environmental and health impacts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122047.

Mobilya Sanayisinde Kullanılan Köpüklerin Önemi, Kullanım Alanları ve Özellikleri

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 60 - 68, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1666489

Abstract

Mobilya sanayisinde köpük malzemelerin kullanımı; hafiflik, düşük maliyet ve daha az hammadde tüketimi gibi avantajları nedeniyle büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bunun yanı sıra, yüksek darbe dayanımı, artırılmış tokluk, gelişmiş termal kararlılık ile azalmış elektriksel ve ısıl iletkenlik gibi üstün özellikleri sayesinde polimer esaslı köpük malzemelerin kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle esnek poliüretan köpükler, mobilya sektöründe vazgeçilmez bir hammadde haline gelmiştir. Mobilya tasarımında kullanılan köpük türleri; yoğunluk, sertlik ve esneklik gibi fiziksel özelliklerine göre değişiklik göstermekte ve farklı kullanım alanlarına uygun şekilde seçilmektedir. Farklı yoğunluk (dansite) seviyelerine sahip köpüklerin bulunabilirliği, mobilya üreticilerine daha ergonomik, dayanıklı ve konforlu ürünler geliştirme imkânı sunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, modern poliüretan köpük teknolojileri, çevre dostu malzeme üretimine yönelik gelişmelerle desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mobilya sektöründe kullanılan köpüklerin önemi, kullanım alanları ve özellikleri detaylı bir şekilde ele alınarak sektördeki gelişmeler kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle, geri dönüştürülebilir köpük malzemelerin kullanımı ve sürdürülebilir üretim yöntemleri de incelenerek, gelecekteki potansiyel yenilikler tartışılmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma etik kurul izni veya herhangi bir özel izin gerektirmemektedir.

References

  • Anonim. (2025, Şubat 10). Sünger üretiminde yapılan işlemler. https://endustriyelkesim.com/sunger-uretimi/
  • Anonim. (2025a, Şubat 10) Sünger üretimi. https://puyolkimya.com/urun-1-ozel-kesim-sungerler.html
  • Anonim. (2025b, Şubat 10). Sünger çeşitleri ve kullanım alanları. https://endustriyelkesim.com/sunger-cesitleri-ve-kullanim-alanlari/#Sunger_Secimi_ve_Uygulama_Alanlarinin_Genisligi
  • Anonim, (2025c, Şubat 10). Sünger dansite. https://www.marmarakoltuk.com/dosemelik-sunger/
  • Anonim. (2025d, Şubat 10). Poliüretan hakkında. https://www.marfom.com/poliuretan-hakkinda/
  • Anonim. (2025e, Şubat 10). Kimyasal üretim. https://www.birliksunger.com/sayfa.php?kat=4
  • Anonim. (2025f, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/uretIm.html
  • Anonim. (2025g, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/sogutma.html
  • Anonim. (2025h, Şubat 10). Sünger döküm sistemleri. http://www.sungerdokum.com/kesIm.html
  • Anonim. (2025ı, Şubat 10). Kalite kontrol. https://www.marfom.com/kalite-kontrol/
  • Ashida, K. (2007). Polyurethane foams: properties and applications in furniture design. Progress in Polymer Science, 32(8-9), 1047–1076.
  • ASTM C518. (2017). Standard test method for steady-state thermal transmission properties by means of the heat flow meter apparatus. ASTM International.
  • Członka, S., Strąkowska, A., & Strzelec, K. (2019). Rigid polyurethane foams with improved mechanical properties for furniture applications. Journal of Materials Science, 54(12), 8952–8966.
  • Defonseka, C. (2013). Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams in furniture manufacturing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 130(2), 987–995.
  • Defonseka, C. (2019). Two-component polyurethane systems: innovative processing methods. De Gruyter.
  • Efstathiu, K. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of a polyurethane prepolymer for the development of a novel acrylate-based polymer foam. Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1–57.
  • Gama, N. V., Silva, R., & Soares, B. (2018). Polyurethane foams for acoustic and thermal insulation in furniture applications. Polymers, 10(9), 1013.
  • ISO-845. (2006). Test standardı yöntemi. Cellular plastics and rubbers – Determination of apparent density. Third edition.
  • ISO-1798. (2008). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of tear strength. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-1856. (2008). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of compression set. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-3385. (2014). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of fatigue by constant-load pounding. Fourth edition.
  • ISO-3386-1. (2025). Test standardı yöntemi. Polymeric materials, cellular flexible. Determination of stress-strain characteristic in compression. Low-density materials (British Standard).
  • ISO-8067. (2018). Test standardı yöntemi. Flexible cellular polymeric materials, Determination of tear strength. Third edition.
  • Karaağaç, B., & Şimşek, B. (2018). Poliüretan köpüklerin mobilya endüstrisindeki kullanımı ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Polytechnic, 21(3), 645–652.
  • Kausar, A. (2017). Polyurethane foams for furniture: advances in health safety and environmental sustainability. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 56(12), 1295–1308.
  • Lee, S. T., & Ramesh, N. S. (2004). Polymeric foams: technology and developments in furniture and bedding applications. Polymer Engineering & Science, 44(10), 1835–1845.
  • Oprea, S., & Vlad, S. (2015). Polyurethane foams for furniture: synthesis and properties. Materials Science Forum, 827, 215–220.
  • Randall, D., & Lee, S. (2002). The polyurethanes book: applications in furniture and beyond. Polymer Reviews, 42(3), 355–375.
  • Szycher, M. (2012). Advances in polyurethane foam technology for furniture applications. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 48(5), 389–410.
  • UL-94, (2001). Tests for flammability of plastic materials for partscin devices and appliances.
  • Zafar, U., Hare, C., & Mohamed, M. (2020). Sustainable polyurethane foams for furniture: environmental and health impacts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122047.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Turan Tugay 0000-0001-6611-3647

Muhammed Said Fidan 0000-0001-6562-6299

Early Pub Date June 12, 2025
Publication Date June 26, 2025
Submission Date March 27, 2025
Acceptance Date May 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tugay, T., & Fidan, M. S. (2025). Mobilya Sanayisinde Kullanılan Köpüklerin Önemi, Kullanım Alanları ve Özellikleri. Ağaç Ve Orman, 6(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1666489