Egemenlik ve Koruma Sorumluluğu

Year 2011, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 101 - 124, 01.01.2011

A Füsun Arsava

Abstract

İnsan Haklarının uluslararasılaştırılması sürecinde uluslararası kuruluşlara, özellikle BM’e önemli bir rol düşmektedir. BM anlaşmasını 2.madde, 7.bendi açıkça üye devletlerin iç işlerine karışma yasağı getirirken, BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin VII.Bölüm çerçevesinde sahip olduğu hakları bu düzenlemeden istisna etmiştir. Bu süreçte koruma sorumluluğu yaklaşımı ile yeni bir aşamanın başladığı kabul edilmektedir. Kavramın içeriğinin ortaya koyduğu üzere devletler vatandaşlarına önlenebilir felaketlerden koruma bakımından öncelikli olarak sorumludur. Ancak devletlerin bu görevi yerine getirememesi, yerine getirmek istememesi durumunda uluslararası camianın sorumluluğu gündeme gelecektir. Devletlerin bir kısmı bunun yeni bir müdahale teşkil edeceği düşüncesindedir. Günümüzde hiçbir pozitif Devletler Hukuku normunda koruma sorumluğu yer almamaktadır. Koruma sorumluluğunun hukuken bağlayıcılık kazanabilmesi için içeriğinin daha açık somutlaştırılması gerekmektedir

Keywords

BM Güvenlik Konseyi uygulamaları, Egemenlik, İnsani müdahale, Koruma sorumluluğu, Uluslararası Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları

SOVEREIGNITY - RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT

Abstract

International organizations, particularly The United Nations takes a signifi cant part in the process of internationalization of Human Rights. While The UN Treaty Article 2 Paragraph 7 is clearly imposing the prohibition of intervention in the internal affairs of the Member States, it exempts the rights of United Nations’ Security Council within the framework of the Part VII from this provision. In this process it is accepted that a new progress has been begun by the conservation liability approach. As the contents of this concept establish the grounds, States are primarily liable for their nations to protect them from avoidable disasters. However in case of the States which don’t perform or don’t intent to perform this liability, the liability of the international community comes up. Part of the States are of opinion that, it constitutes a new intervantion. Contemporarily there isn’t any conservation liability under any positive states law norm. In order to have the binding force of the conservation liability, this content has to be made concretie more clearly.

Keywords

UN Security Council practice, Sovereignty, Humenitarian Intervention, Responsibility to protect, International law and Human Rights

References

• Arbour, Louise (2008): The responsibility to protect as a duty of care in international law and practice: Bknz.: Review of International Studies 34, .
• Bannon, Alicia L. (2006): The responsiility to protect. The UN World Summit and the Question of Unilateralism. Bknz.: The Yale Law Journal 115/5
• Barkin, Samuel J. (1998): The Evolution of Constitution of the Sovereignty and the Emergence of Human Rights Norms. Bknz.: Milienium-Journal of International Studies 27/2
• Berstermann, Jost (1991): Das Einmischungsverbot im Völkerrecht, Frankfurt a.M, Lang
• Boisson de Chazournes, Laurence/ De la “responsibilité de protegér”, ou d’une nonvelle Condorelli,Luigi (2006): parure pour une notion déja bien é. Bknz.: Revue
• Générale de Droit International Public 110/1
• Chandler,David (2004): The Responsibility to Protect? Imposing the “Liberal Peace”. In: International Peacekeeping, 11/1
• Delbrück,Jost (2003): Perspektiven für ein “Weltinnenrecht”? Rechtsenwicklungen in einem sich wandelnden Internationalen System. Bknz.: Joachim Jickeli/Peter Kreutz/Dieter Reuter (Hrsg.): Gedächnisschrift für Jürgen Sonnenschein. Berlin: de Gruyter
• Deng, Francis M. (1995): Frontiers of Sovereignty. A Framework of Protection, Assistance and Development for the Internationally Displaced. Bknz.: Leiden Journal of International Law 8/2
• Deng, Francis M. (1996): Sovereignty as Responsibility. Confl ict Management in Africa, Washington D.C:: Brookings Institution
• Dicke,Klaus (1997): National Interest vs. the Interest of the International Community-A Critical Review of Recent UN Security Council Practice. Bknz.: Jost Delbrück (Hrsg.) New Trends in International LawmakingInternational ‘Legistlation’ in the Public Interest. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot
• Evans,Gareth (2008): The Responsibility to Protect. Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and For All. Washington D.C., Brookings Institution
• Feinstein,Lee/Slaughter,Anne-Marie (2004): A Duty to Prevent. Bknz.: Foreign Affairs 83/1
• Fröhlich,Manuel (2006): “Responsibility to Protect”-Zur Herausbildung einer neuen Norm der Friedenssicherung. Bknz.: Johannes Varwick/Andreas Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Die Reform der Verienten Nationen-Bilanz und Perspektiven. Berlin: Duncker&Humblot
• Hilpold,Peter (2006): The Duty to Protect and the Reform of the United Nations. A New Stop in the Development of International Law? Bknz. Max-Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 10
• Lauterpacht,Hersch (1947): International Law and Human Rights. Bknz.: Hague Academy of International Law: Recueil des Cours Vol.70 (1947-I)
• Luck, Edward C. (2008): Der verantwortliche Souverän und die Schutzverantwortung. Auf dem Weg von einem Konzept zur Norm. Bknz.: Vereinte Nationen 56/2
• Kunig,Philipp (1992): Nachbarrechtliche Staatenverpfl ichtungen bei Gefährdungen und Schädingungen der Umwelt. Bknz.: Umweltschutz im Völkerrecht und Kollisionsrecht. Berichte der deutschen Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht. Band 12. Heidelberg: C.F.Müller
• Meron,Theodor (2006): Die Humanization of International Law, s.510-517. Lejden: Nijhoff
• Molier,Gelijn (2006): Humanitarian Intervention and and the Responsibility to Protect, After 9/11. Bknz.: Netherlands International Law Law Review 53/1
• Randelzhofer,Albrecht (2004): Staatsgewalt und Souveränität. In: Josef Isensee/Paul Kirchhof (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Staatsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Band II. 3.Aufl age, Heidelberg: C.F.Müller
• Rensmann,Thilo (2008): Die Humanisierung des Völkerrechts durch das ius in bello. Von der Marten’schen Klausel zur “Responsibility to Protect”. Bknz.: ZaöRV 68/1
• Schaller, Christian (2008): Die völkerrechtlice Dimension der “Responsibility to Protect”. Berlin, SWP-Aktuell 46
• Schulte-Kulkmann, Nikole (2003): Förderung von Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Menschenrechten in der europäisch-chinesischen Rechtszusammenarbeit. Bknz.: Verfassung und Recht in Übersee 36/4
• Simma, Bruno (1999): The UN and the Use of Force. Legal Aspects. Bknz. : European Journal of International Law 10/1
• Slaughter,Anne-Marie (2005): Security, Solidarity, and Sovereignty. The Grand Themes of UN Reform. Bknz.: American Journal of International Law 99/3 .
• Stahn, Carsten (2007): Responsibility to Protect: Political Rhetoric or Emerging Legal Noem? Bknz.: American Journal of International Law 101/1
• Stoll,Tobias (2008): Responsibility, Sovereignty and Cooperation – Refl ections on the “Responsibility to Protect”. Bknz.: Doris König u.a.(Hrsg.): International Law Today: New Challenges and the Need for Reform?, Berlin: Springer
• von Schorlemer, Sabine (2006): The Responsibility to Protect: Kriterien für militärische Zwangsmassnahmen im Völkerrecht. Bknz.: Gerhard Beestermöller/Michael Hasper/Uwe Trittmann (Hrsg.): “What we’re fi ghting for …”. Friedensethik in der transatlantischen Debatte. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 89-95
• Tesón,Fernando R. (1988): Humanitarian Intervention. An Inquiry Into Law Morality. Dobbs Ferry: Transnational Publishers
• Thakur,Ramesh (2007): Die United Nations, Peace and Security. From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect. 3.Aufl age Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Tomuschat,Christian(1993): Obligations Arising for States Without or Against Their Will, 1993, bknz.: Hague Academy of international law: Recueil des Cours Vol.241 (1993-IV)
• Welsh,Jennifer (2007): The Responsibility to Protect: Securing the Individual in International Society. Bknz.: Benjamin J.Gould/Liora Lazarus (Hrsg.): Security and Human Rights, Oxford: Hart .
• Winkelmann,Ingo (2006): “Responsibility to Protect”: Die Verantwortung der Internationalen Gemeinschaft zur Gewährung von Schutz. Bknz.: Pierre-Marie Dupuy u.a. (Hrsg.): Völkerrecht als Weltordnung. Festschrift für Christian Tomuschat. Kehl. N.P.Engel
• Wittig,Peter (2008): Das Leiden der Anderen. Die UN-Schutzverantwortung im Widerstreit internationaler Interssen. Bknz.: Internationale Politik 63/10