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Pandemi Sürecinde Devletin Geri Dönüşü: Fransa ve Türkiye Örnekleri

Year 2023, , 169 - 194, 11.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1202380

Abstract

Bu çalışmada pandemi sürecinde devletin rolü ve işlevleri Fransa ve Türkiye örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kovid-19 pandemisinin kamu sağlığı güvenliği açısından yarattığı aciliyet, şok ve kriz ortamı, kamusal otoritelerin önlem alma pratiklerini dönüştürürken her ülkenin, sınırlarını ve güvenlik politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirmesine yol açmıştır. 1980’lerden itibaren refah politikalarından rekabetçi politikalara geçiş, ulusal sınırların esnekleşip uluslararası sermayeye açılması; küreselleşme ve kozmopolitleşme yönünde güçlü bir irade olduğu sanısını yaratmıştır. Ancak pandeminin yarattığı koşullara verilen tepki bunun aksi yönde sonuç vermiştir: Korumacı ekonomi politikalarının, gelir dağıtıcı yaklaşımının yanı sıra ulusal sınırların ve milliyetçi reflekslerin yükselişine şahit olunmuştur. Bu çalışmada bu gelişmelerin pandemi dönemi ile sınırlı ve geçici bir refleks olmayıp post-pandemik toplumsal koşullarda da süreceği iddia edilmekte ve bu süreci anlamak için devletin dönüşümü üzerinden bir okuma önerilmektedir. Çalışmada, hukuki bilgi ve belgelerin yanı sıra aktörlerin açıklamaları ve basına yansıyan haberler incelenmekte ve bahsi geçen dönüşümün sebepleri, mahiyeti ve olası sonuçları betimleyici ve yorumlayıcı yöntemle ele alınmaktadır.

References

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  • Balcı, B. ve Kaya S. (2021). Ideological interventions in the Covid-19 health crisis in Turkey by power, politics, and religion. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 20/2, 93-105.
  • Banks, M. (2020, 4 Mayıs). Wearing masks could pose health hazard, says head of EU Agency. The Parliament Magazine. https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/wearing-masks-could-pose-health-hazard-says-head-of-eu-agency
  • Benamouzig, D. (2020, 1 Temmuz). Covid-19 et expertise sanitaire. (Mülakat haz., Florent Guénard ve Jules Naudet). La vie des idées. https://laviedesidees.fr.
  • Berthelier, A. (2020, 16 Mart). Coronavirus: Qu’est-ce que le Conseil scientifique, boussole du gouvernement”. Huffingtonpost. https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/coronavirus-quest-ce-que-le-conseil-scientifique-thermometre-du-gouvernement_fr_5e6f4a0ec5b6dda30fcd2d49
  • Boyer, R. (2020). Les capitalismes à l’épreuve de la pandémie. Paris: La Découverte.
  • Brookes, K. (2021). Why Neo-Liberalism failed in France. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Charteris-Black, J. (2021). Metaphors of Coronavirus: Invisible enemy or zombie apocalypse?. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chevallier, J. (2019). Devenir de l’Etat: Vers la fin de l’éxceptionnalité française?. Le Débat. 206, 115-128.
  • Chevallier, J. (2020, 23 Mart). Expertise scientifique et décision politique. Le Club des juristes. https://blog.leclubdesjuristes.com/expertise-scientifique-et-decision-politique/.
  • Chevallier, J. (2021). L’Etat à l’épreuve du Coronavirus. Pouvoirs. 177, 109-120.
  • Desvignes, B. (2020, 12 Nisan). Le Coronavirus est-il nationaliste?. Le Taurillon. https://www.taurillon.org/le-coronavirus-est-il-nationaliste.
  • Dobbs, M. (2020). National governance of public health responses in a pandemic?. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 11, 240-248.
  • Dumitru, S. (2020). Pandémies: Le nationalisme est mauvais pour la santé”. Hirch E. Pandémie 2020 - Éthique, société, politique. Paris: Cerf, 727-732.
  • Dumitru, S. (2020, 7 Nisan). Le nationalisme est-il bon pour la santé ?”. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/le-nationalisme-est-il-bon-pour-la-sante-135709.
  • Fontanel, J. (2021). La sécurité nationale, face à la globalisation et à la pandémie. Paris: Institut libre d’étude des relations internationales (ILERI). ⟨hal-03148015⟩.
  • Fransa Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete (Journal Officiel). 4 Nisan 2020. no. 0082. metin numarası 19. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/2020/04/04/0082.
  • Geisser, V. (2020). L’hygiéno-nationalisme, remède miracle à la pandémie? Populisme, racisme et complotismes autour du Covid-19. Migrations Société. 180/2, 3-18.
  • Hamez, G., Morel-Doridat F., Oudina K., Le Calvez M., Boquet M.. Dorkel N., Greiner N. ve Pindray d’Ambelle S. (2020). La frontière “nationale” brouillée par le Covid-19. Borders in perspective uniGR-CBS thematic issue. Bordering in pandemic times: Insights into the COVID-19 lockdown. cilt. 4, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.25353/ubtr-xxxx-b825-a20b.
  • Harvey, D. (1999). Postmodernliğin durumu. Çev., Sungur Savran. 2. Basım. İstanbul: Metis Yay.
  • Horwell, C.J. ve McDonald F. (2020, 5 Mayıs). Coronavirus: Why you need to wear a face mask in France, but not in the UK. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-you-need-to-wear-a-face-mask-in-france-but-not-in-the-uk-137856
  • Hotar, N., Ece Omay R., Bayrak S., Kuruüzüm Z. ve Ünal B. (2020). Pandeminin toplumsal yansımaları. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 35/2, 211-220. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ije/issue/55517/749960.
  • Ibanda Kabaka, P. (2020). Leçons tirées de la pandémie du Coronavirus COVID 19 en Europe. ⟨hal-02681607⟩. Jeong, E., Hagose, M., Jung, H., Ki, M., ve Flahault A. (2020). Understanding South Korea’s response to the COVID-19 outbreak: A real-time analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17/24, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249571.
  • Jorion, P. (2021). Vers un changement de paradigme économique dans le contexte post-pandémie?. (Mülakat haz., Penet P. ve Lebaron F.), Savoir/Agir, 56, 63-70. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03472084/. Le Gall, M. (2020, 15 Haziran). Ouverture des frontières en Europe: Ce qui a changé depuis ce lundi 15 Juin. La nouvelle République. https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/ouverture-des-frontieres-en-europe-ce-qui-a-change-depuis-ce-lundi-15-juin
  • Macron, E. (Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı) (a) (2020, 12 Mart). Adresse aux Français (Ulusa sesleniş) https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/03/12/adresse-aux-francais.
  • Macron, E. (Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı) (b). (2020, 16 Mart). Adresse aux Français (Ulusa sesleniş).https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/03/16/adresse-aux-francais-covid19.
  • Morin, E. (2020). Changeons de voie. Paris: Gallimard, 2020. (E-kitap edisyon). Noblecourt, M. (2021, 15 Ocak). Hôpital, télétravail, santé au travail… Comment l’épidémie de Covid-19 a ranimé le dialogue social. Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2021/01/15/hopital-teletravail-sante-au-travail-comment-lepidemie-de-covid-19-a-ranime-le-dialogue-social_6066331_3232.html.
  • Nouaille-Degorce, L. (2020). L’expertise scientifique au défi de la crise sanitaire. Les papiers de recherche de l’ENA, Collection Administration et Gestion Publiques. Paris: ENA, https://www.ena.fr/La-recherche-a-l-ENA/Publications/Collection-Les-papiers-de-recherche-de-l-ENA.
  • OXFAM (2020, 9 Nisan). Half a billion people could be pushed into poverty by coronavirus, warns Oxfam. OXFAM. https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/half-billion-people-could-be-pushed-poverty-coronavirus-warns-oxfam.
  • Sardon, J-P. (2020). De la longue histoire des épidémies au Covid-19. Les Analyses de Population & Avenir. 26/8, 1-18.
  • Sherman, W. I. (2020). Dünyayı Değiştiren On İki Hastalık. (Çev., Tümbay E. ve Küçüker M.) 5. Basım. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Stiegler, B. (2020). De la Démocratie en Pandémie. Tracts no. 23. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Şengül, E. ve Ünal E.(2020). COVID-19 Salgınında Halk Sağlığı Yönetimi. Medical Research Report. 3/1, 162-171. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mrr/issue/56260/760831.
  • Turan, A. ve Çelikyay Hamza H.(2020). Türkiye’de KOVİD-19 ile mücadele: Politikalar ve aktörler. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3/1, 1-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mana/issue/54373/733482. Universal McCann (2020, 16 Nisan), Türkiye’nin Korona Günleri Araştırması. Marketing Türkiye. https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/universal-mccann-turkiyenin-korona-gunleri/
  • Verat, P. (2020, 5 Nisan). Covid-19: Avec le plan ‘SURE’, L’UE enfin à la hauteur. Le Taurillon. https://www.taurillon.org.
  • Warlouzet, L. (2020, Haziran). Les défis de l’intégration européenne de la Grande Guerre au Covid-19: Entre marché, solidarité et puissance. Fondation Pierre du Bois, Papier d’actualité. no. 7. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02982091.
  • Yetgin, M. A. (2020). Koronavirüsün borsa İstanbul’a etkisi üzerine bir araştırma ve stratejik pandemi yönetimi”, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/2, 324-335.
  • Zürcher, E. J.(2013). Modernleşen Türkiye’nin Tarihi. (Çev., Yasemin Saner), 28. Basım. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.

The Return of the State in the Pandemic: Cases of France and Turkey

Year 2023, , 169 - 194, 11.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1202380

Abstract

In this study, the role and functions of the state in the pandemic process are discussed comparatively through the examples of France and Turkey. The urgency, shock, and crisis environment created by the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of public health security have led each country to reconsider its borders and security policies while transforming the precautionary practices of public authorities. Since the 1980s, it has been assumed that there was a strong will for the transition from welfare policies to competitive policies and the flexibility of national borders for strengthening globalization and cosmopolitanism. However, the reaction to the conditions created by the pandemic resulted in the opposite direction: The rise of national borders and nationalist reflexes, as well as the protectionist economic policies and income distribution approach, were witnessed. In this study, it is claimed that these developments will not be a temporary reflex limited to the pandemic period but will continue in post-pandemic social conditions. In addition, it will be suggested that an analysis of the transformation of the state in a historical process is crucial to understand this process. In addition to the legal information and documents, the explanations of the actors and the news will be examined, and the reasons, nature, and possible consequences of the transformation will be discussed with a descriptive and interpretive method.

References

  • Aghion, P. (2020, 6 Ekim). Covid et économie. Collège de France. https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/philippe-aghion/course-2020-10-06-14h00.htm.
  • Balcı, B. ve Kaya S. (2021). Ideological interventions in the Covid-19 health crisis in Turkey by power, politics, and religion. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 20/2, 93-105.
  • Banks, M. (2020, 4 Mayıs). Wearing masks could pose health hazard, says head of EU Agency. The Parliament Magazine. https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/wearing-masks-could-pose-health-hazard-says-head-of-eu-agency
  • Benamouzig, D. (2020, 1 Temmuz). Covid-19 et expertise sanitaire. (Mülakat haz., Florent Guénard ve Jules Naudet). La vie des idées. https://laviedesidees.fr.
  • Berthelier, A. (2020, 16 Mart). Coronavirus: Qu’est-ce que le Conseil scientifique, boussole du gouvernement”. Huffingtonpost. https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/coronavirus-quest-ce-que-le-conseil-scientifique-thermometre-du-gouvernement_fr_5e6f4a0ec5b6dda30fcd2d49
  • Boyer, R. (2020). Les capitalismes à l’épreuve de la pandémie. Paris: La Découverte.
  • Brookes, K. (2021). Why Neo-Liberalism failed in France. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Charteris-Black, J. (2021). Metaphors of Coronavirus: Invisible enemy or zombie apocalypse?. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chevallier, J. (2019). Devenir de l’Etat: Vers la fin de l’éxceptionnalité française?. Le Débat. 206, 115-128.
  • Chevallier, J. (2020, 23 Mart). Expertise scientifique et décision politique. Le Club des juristes. https://blog.leclubdesjuristes.com/expertise-scientifique-et-decision-politique/.
  • Chevallier, J. (2021). L’Etat à l’épreuve du Coronavirus. Pouvoirs. 177, 109-120.
  • Desvignes, B. (2020, 12 Nisan). Le Coronavirus est-il nationaliste?. Le Taurillon. https://www.taurillon.org/le-coronavirus-est-il-nationaliste.
  • Dobbs, M. (2020). National governance of public health responses in a pandemic?. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 11, 240-248.
  • Dumitru, S. (2020). Pandémies: Le nationalisme est mauvais pour la santé”. Hirch E. Pandémie 2020 - Éthique, société, politique. Paris: Cerf, 727-732.
  • Dumitru, S. (2020, 7 Nisan). Le nationalisme est-il bon pour la santé ?”. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/le-nationalisme-est-il-bon-pour-la-sante-135709.
  • Fontanel, J. (2021). La sécurité nationale, face à la globalisation et à la pandémie. Paris: Institut libre d’étude des relations internationales (ILERI). ⟨hal-03148015⟩.
  • Fransa Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete (Journal Officiel). 4 Nisan 2020. no. 0082. metin numarası 19. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/2020/04/04/0082.
  • Geisser, V. (2020). L’hygiéno-nationalisme, remède miracle à la pandémie? Populisme, racisme et complotismes autour du Covid-19. Migrations Société. 180/2, 3-18.
  • Hamez, G., Morel-Doridat F., Oudina K., Le Calvez M., Boquet M.. Dorkel N., Greiner N. ve Pindray d’Ambelle S. (2020). La frontière “nationale” brouillée par le Covid-19. Borders in perspective uniGR-CBS thematic issue. Bordering in pandemic times: Insights into the COVID-19 lockdown. cilt. 4, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.25353/ubtr-xxxx-b825-a20b.
  • Harvey, D. (1999). Postmodernliğin durumu. Çev., Sungur Savran. 2. Basım. İstanbul: Metis Yay.
  • Horwell, C.J. ve McDonald F. (2020, 5 Mayıs). Coronavirus: Why you need to wear a face mask in France, but not in the UK. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-you-need-to-wear-a-face-mask-in-france-but-not-in-the-uk-137856
  • Hotar, N., Ece Omay R., Bayrak S., Kuruüzüm Z. ve Ünal B. (2020). Pandeminin toplumsal yansımaları. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 35/2, 211-220. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ije/issue/55517/749960.
  • Ibanda Kabaka, P. (2020). Leçons tirées de la pandémie du Coronavirus COVID 19 en Europe. ⟨hal-02681607⟩. Jeong, E., Hagose, M., Jung, H., Ki, M., ve Flahault A. (2020). Understanding South Korea’s response to the COVID-19 outbreak: A real-time analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17/24, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249571.
  • Jorion, P. (2021). Vers un changement de paradigme économique dans le contexte post-pandémie?. (Mülakat haz., Penet P. ve Lebaron F.), Savoir/Agir, 56, 63-70. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03472084/. Le Gall, M. (2020, 15 Haziran). Ouverture des frontières en Europe: Ce qui a changé depuis ce lundi 15 Juin. La nouvelle République. https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/ouverture-des-frontieres-en-europe-ce-qui-a-change-depuis-ce-lundi-15-juin
  • Macron, E. (Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı) (a) (2020, 12 Mart). Adresse aux Français (Ulusa sesleniş) https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/03/12/adresse-aux-francais.
  • Macron, E. (Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı) (b). (2020, 16 Mart). Adresse aux Français (Ulusa sesleniş).https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/03/16/adresse-aux-francais-covid19.
  • Morin, E. (2020). Changeons de voie. Paris: Gallimard, 2020. (E-kitap edisyon). Noblecourt, M. (2021, 15 Ocak). Hôpital, télétravail, santé au travail… Comment l’épidémie de Covid-19 a ranimé le dialogue social. Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2021/01/15/hopital-teletravail-sante-au-travail-comment-lepidemie-de-covid-19-a-ranime-le-dialogue-social_6066331_3232.html.
  • Nouaille-Degorce, L. (2020). L’expertise scientifique au défi de la crise sanitaire. Les papiers de recherche de l’ENA, Collection Administration et Gestion Publiques. Paris: ENA, https://www.ena.fr/La-recherche-a-l-ENA/Publications/Collection-Les-papiers-de-recherche-de-l-ENA.
  • OXFAM (2020, 9 Nisan). Half a billion people could be pushed into poverty by coronavirus, warns Oxfam. OXFAM. https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/half-billion-people-could-be-pushed-poverty-coronavirus-warns-oxfam.
  • Sardon, J-P. (2020). De la longue histoire des épidémies au Covid-19. Les Analyses de Population & Avenir. 26/8, 1-18.
  • Sherman, W. I. (2020). Dünyayı Değiştiren On İki Hastalık. (Çev., Tümbay E. ve Küçüker M.) 5. Basım. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Stiegler, B. (2020). De la Démocratie en Pandémie. Tracts no. 23. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Şengül, E. ve Ünal E.(2020). COVID-19 Salgınında Halk Sağlığı Yönetimi. Medical Research Report. 3/1, 162-171. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mrr/issue/56260/760831.
  • Turan, A. ve Çelikyay Hamza H.(2020). Türkiye’de KOVİD-19 ile mücadele: Politikalar ve aktörler. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3/1, 1-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mana/issue/54373/733482. Universal McCann (2020, 16 Nisan), Türkiye’nin Korona Günleri Araştırması. Marketing Türkiye. https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/universal-mccann-turkiyenin-korona-gunleri/
  • Verat, P. (2020, 5 Nisan). Covid-19: Avec le plan ‘SURE’, L’UE enfin à la hauteur. Le Taurillon. https://www.taurillon.org.
  • Warlouzet, L. (2020, Haziran). Les défis de l’intégration européenne de la Grande Guerre au Covid-19: Entre marché, solidarité et puissance. Fondation Pierre du Bois, Papier d’actualité. no. 7. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02982091.
  • Yetgin, M. A. (2020). Koronavirüsün borsa İstanbul’a etkisi üzerine bir araştırma ve stratejik pandemi yönetimi”, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5/2, 324-335.
  • Zürcher, E. J.(2013). Modernleşen Türkiye’nin Tarihi. (Çev., Yasemin Saner), 28. Basım. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Temel Meri 0000-0002-0314-0784

Süleyman Sıdal 0000-0001-5005-3774

Publication Date April 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Meri, T., & Sıdal, S. (2023). Pandemi Sürecinde Devletin Geri Dönüşü: Fransa ve Türkiye Örnekleri. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1202380