Kamu Diplomasisinin Askerî Boyutu: ABD Muharip Komutanlıklarının Kamu Diplomasisi Faaliyetleri

Abstract

Yirminci yüzyıl başlarına kadar sert güç ve geleneksel diplomasi aracılığı ile çözülen meseleler, ilerleyen yıllarda farklı araçlar ile çözülür hale gelmiştir. Bu araçların en bilinir olanlarından biri, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ortaya çıkan ve propaganda gibi iletişim faaliyetlerinin devamı niteliğindeki kamu diplomasisi kavramıdır. Yirmi birinci yüzyıl ile birlikte sert gücün en önemli aracı olan ordular da kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri icra etmeye başlamışlar ve bu kapsamdaki çerçevelerini çalışmalarını genişletmişlerdir. Silaha sahip bir kurum olarak orduların yumuşak güç faaliyetleri icra etmeleri, ilk bakışta çelişkili bir durum olarak görülebilir. Ancak çağdaş orduların icra ettikleri faaliyetlerin özü incelendiğinde, bu amaca hizmet edebilecek faaliyetler icra ettikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile sert güç ile bu denli özdeşleşmiş bir kurumun yumuşak gücün geliştirilmesine yönelik kamu diplomasisi gibi faaliyetlerde nasıl kullanılabileceği sorusunun cevaplanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kamu diplomasisinin askerî boyutunu ve bunun uygulamalarını ortaya koyarak literatür de bu konuda var olan eksikliğin giderilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ABD ordusunun muharip komutanlıklarının sosyal medya içerikleri nicel ve nitel içerik analizine tâbi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda ABD ordusunun kamu diplomasisinin tüm boyutlarını kapsayacak şekilde faaliyetlerde bulunmadığı ve ulusal kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerine kendi imkânları ve belirli bir sistem dahilin de destek sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Kamu diplomasisi,askerî kamu diplomasisi,ABD ordusu,stratejik iletişim,yumuşak güç

The Military Dimension of Public Diplomacy: Public Diplomacy Activities of U.S. Combatant Commands

Abstract

The issues which had been solved through hard power and traditional diplomacy until the beginning of 20^th century were started to be solved through different instruments in the advancing years. One of the most popular of these is the term of public diplomacy which emerged after the Second World War as an extension of communication activities like propaganda. In the 21^st century, militaries which are the most important components of hard power have started to conduct public diplomacy activities and constitute their public diplomacy frameworks. At first glance, it may seem paradoxical that an institution with weapons conduct soft power activities. However, if the essence of these activities is examined, it will be understood that these activities can serve for the soft power purposes. This research aims to answer the question of “How can militaries, which are identified with hard power, serve in activities like public diplomacy in order to advance soft power?”. This research has importance in terms of filling the gap in this realm by examining military dimension of public diplomacy and its practices. Accordingly, social media contents of U.S. military were subjected to quantitative and qualitative content analyses. Eventually, it has been concluded that U.S. military’s public diplomacy activities do not encompass all dimensions of public diplomacy and it systematically provides support to national public diplomacy activities in terms of its capability.

Keywords

• Public diplomacy,military public diplomacy,U.S. military,strategic communication,soft power

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