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Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Sahip Annelerin Bekçilik Davranışları ve Babaların Annelik Bekçiliği Davranışlarına Maruziyetlerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 621 - 645
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1424933

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, okul öncesi dönemde (3-6 yaş) ve ilkokul döneminde (7-11 yaş) özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip annelerin bekçilik davranışları ve babaların annelik bekçiliği davranışlarına maruziyetlerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nicel desende betimsel bir niteliktedir. Araştırma verileri “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Annelik Bekçiliği (ABÖ)” 3-6 ve 7-11 yaş anne ve baba formları kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen çevrim içi olarak 245 anne ve 148 baba oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; bağımsız gruplar t- testi, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U analizi kullanılmıştır. 7-11 yaş çocuğu olan annelerin 3-6 yaş özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan annelere göre daha fazla annelik bekçiliği davranışı gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. 7-11 yaş çocuğu olan babaların da annelik bekçiliği davranışlarına maruziyetlerinin 3-6 yaş çocuğu olan babalara göre daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Annelerin gösterdiği bekçilik davranışları öğrenim düzeyi, çalışma durumu, gelir düzeyi, sosyo-ekonomik düzey ve çocuk sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Ayrıca, aile yapısı, özel gereksinimli çocuğun cinsiyeti, özel gereksinimli çocuğun tanı türü ve tanı yaşına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Çalışma da babaların özel gereksinimli çocukları etkileyen anneler dışındaki sosyal bağlamlar (okul, devlet destek sistemleri, eğitim düzenlemeleri, yasal haklar vb.) hakkında daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.

References

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  • Allen, S.M., & Hawkins, A.J. (1999). Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers’ beliefs and behaviors that inhibit greater father involvement in family work. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 199-212. https://doi.org/10.2307/353894
  • Altenburger, L.E., Schoppe-Sullivan, S.J., & Kamp- Dush, C.M. (2018). Associations between maternal gatekeeping and fathers’ parenting quality. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(8), 2678-2689. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1825229
  • Avşaroğlu, S., & Gilik, A. (2017) Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip anne- babaların kaygı durumlarına göre umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online. 16 (3), 1022-1035.
  • Baker, C. E. (2013). Fathers' and mothers' home literacy involvement and children's cognitive and social emotional development: Implications for family literacy programs. Applied Developmental Science, 17(4), 184-197.
  • Baker, C.E. (2017). Father-son relationships in ethnically diverse families: Links to boys’ cognitive and social emotional development in preschool. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2335-2345. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10826-017-0743-3.
  • Ballard, K., Bray, A., Shelton, E. J., & Clarkson, J. (1997). Children with disabilities and the education system: The experiences of fifteen fathers. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 44(3), 229-241.
  • Barry, A. A., Smith, J. Z., Deutsch, F. M., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2011). Fathers’ involvement in child care and perceptions of parenting skill over the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Issues, 32(11), 1500-1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11406229
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  • Gaunt, R., & Pinho, M. (2018). Do sexist mothers change more diapers? Ambivalent sexism, maternal gatekeeping, and the division of childcare. Sex Roles, 79(3), 176-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0864-6
  • Hauser, O. (2012). Pushing daddy away? A qualitative study of maternal gatekeeping. Qualitative Sociology Review, (3)1: 35- 59. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.8.1.03
  • Hazar, Z., & Bütün-Ayhan, A. (2021). Ergenlik döneminde zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan annelerin deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(9), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1088313
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  • İzci, B., & Jones, I. (2021). An exploratory study of Turkish fathers’ involvement in the lives of their preschool aged children. Early Years, 41(2-3), 248-261.
  • Karabulut, H. (2019). Annelerin Bildiriminden Annelik Bekçiliği: Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. 2nd International Congress On New Horizons in Education and Social Sciences (ICES), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.584165
  • Karabulut, H. (2021) Okul Öncesi Dönem (3-6 Yaş) ve İlkokul Dönemi (7-11 Yaş) için Annelik Bekçiliği Ölçeği’nin (ABÖ) Uyarlanması: Anne ve Baba Formu. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 34-53.https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.828666
  • Karabulut, H., & Şendil, G. (2017). Annelik bekçiliği ölçeği’nin (ABÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(61), 686-699. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.304704
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (11. baskı) Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kaufman, R.L., & Pickar, D.B. (2017). Understanding parental gatekeeping in families with a special needs child. Family Court Review, 55(2),195-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12273
  • Kaytez, N., Durualp, E., & Kadan, G. (2015). Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 197-214.
  • Kıraçcı, B., ve Bakkaloğlu, H. (2023). The Relationship between Maternal Gatekeeping and Fathers’ Involvement in Caring for Preschool Children with Special Needs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 51(1), 94-112.
  • Kulik, L., & Rayyan, F. (2003). Spousal relations and well- being: A comparative analysis of Jewish and Arab dual- earner families in Israel. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10035
  • Kulik, L., & Tsoref, H. (2010). The entrance to the maternal garden: Environmental and personal variables that explain maternal gatekeeping. Journal of Gender Studies, 19(3), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2010.494342
  • Lopez, S., Mcwhirter, A., Rosencrans, M., Giuliani, N. R., & Mcintyre, L. L. (2019). Father involvement with children with developmental delays. Global Education Review, 6(1), 40-62.
  • Macdonald, E.E., & Hatings, R.P. (2010). Fathers of children with dervelopmental disability. The Role of The Father in Child Deveoplment, içinde. 486- 516.
  • McWayne, C., Downer, J. T., Campos, R., & Harris, R. D. (2013). Father involvement during early childhood and its association with children's early learning: A Meta-analysis. Early Education & Development, 24(6), 898-922.
  • Meteyer, K., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2010). Father involvement among working-class, dual-earner couples. Fathering, 8(3), 379.
  • Oktar, M.N., & Yıldız, R. (2019). Zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan annelerin ölüm kaygısı ile sosyal politikalara güven ilişkisi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 14-1, 463-498. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.478213
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  • Pickar, D. B., & Kaufman, R. L. (2019). The special needs child after separation or divorce. Evidence-informed interventions for court-involved families: Promoting healthy coping and development, 325-354.
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A Study on Gatekeeping Behaviours of Mothers With Children with Special Needs and Fathers' Exposure to Maternal Gatekeeping Behaviours According to Some Variables

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 621 - 645
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1424933

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the gatekeeping behaviors of mothers with children with special needs in preschool (3-6 years) and primary school (7-11 years) and fathers' exposure to maternal gatekeeping behaviors according to some variables. The research is descriptive in quantitative design. The research data were collected using the "Demographic Information Form", "Maternal Gatekeeping Scale (MG)" 3-6- and 7-11-years old mother and father forms. The participants of the study consisted of 245 mothers and 148 fathers selected online by simple random sampling method. In the evaluation of the data; independent groups t-test, ANOVA and Mann- Whitney U analysis were used. It was found that mothers with children aged 7-11 years showed more maternal gatekeeping behavior than mothers with children with special needs aged 3-6 years. Fathers with children aged 7-11 years were also found to be more exposed to maternal gatekeeping behaviors than fathers with children aged 3-6 years. It was determined that the gatekeeping behaviors shown by mothers differed significantly according to education level, employment status, income level, socio-economic level and number of children (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that there was no significant difference according to family structure, gender of the child with special needs, diagnosis type and age of the child with special needs (p>0.05). In the study, it is recommended that more comprehensive studies be conducted on the social contexts (school, state support systems, educational regulations, legal rights, etc.) other than mothers that affect children with special needs.

References

  • Akgöz-Aktaş, G., & Aydın, A. (2020). Anne bekçiliği ölçeği anne formunun Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 23(45), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.31828/tpy1301996120200131m000018
  • Allen, S.M., & Hawkins, A.J. (1999). Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers’ beliefs and behaviors that inhibit greater father involvement in family work. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 199-212. https://doi.org/10.2307/353894
  • Altenburger, L.E., Schoppe-Sullivan, S.J., & Kamp- Dush, C.M. (2018). Associations between maternal gatekeeping and fathers’ parenting quality. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(8), 2678-2689. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1825229
  • Avşaroğlu, S., & Gilik, A. (2017) Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip anne- babaların kaygı durumlarına göre umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online. 16 (3), 1022-1035.
  • Baker, C. E. (2013). Fathers' and mothers' home literacy involvement and children's cognitive and social emotional development: Implications for family literacy programs. Applied Developmental Science, 17(4), 184-197.
  • Baker, C.E. (2017). Father-son relationships in ethnically diverse families: Links to boys’ cognitive and social emotional development in preschool. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2335-2345. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10826-017-0743-3.
  • Ballard, K., Bray, A., Shelton, E. J., & Clarkson, J. (1997). Children with disabilities and the education system: The experiences of fifteen fathers. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 44(3), 229-241.
  • Barry, A. A., Smith, J. Z., Deutsch, F. M., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2011). Fathers’ involvement in child care and perceptions of parenting skill over the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Issues, 32(11), 1500-1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11406229
  • Baxter, J., & Smart, D. (2011). Fathering in Australia among couple families with young children. Australian Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Occasional Paper, (37).
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Veri Analizi El kitabı (23. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Cabrera, N. J. (2020). Father involvement, father-child relationship, and attachment in the early years. Attachment & Human Development, 22(1), 134-138.
  • Cabrera, N.J., Shannon, J.D., & Tamis-Lemonda, C. (2007). Fathers' influence on their children's cognitive and emotional development: From Toddlers to Pre-K. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 208-213.https://doi.org/10.1080/10888690701762100
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd Edition) Routledge.
  • De Luccie, M. F. (1995). Mothers as gatekeepers: A model of maternal mediators of father involvement. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156(1), 115-131.
  • Dienhart, A. & Daly, K. (1997). Men and women cocreating father involvement in a non-generative culture. In A. J. Hawkins and D. C. Dollahite (Eds.) Generative fathering: Beyond deficit perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Disabilities, 202-225.
  • Duru, S., (2016). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerde kadına yönelik aile içi şiddetin incelenmesi. [Yüksek Lisans tezi: Ankara Üniversitesi] https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Duygun, T., & Sezgin, N. (2003). Zihinsel engelli ve sağlıklı çocuk annelerinde stres belirtileri, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve algılanan sosyal desteğin tükenmişlik düzeyine olan etkisi, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi,18 (52), 37- 52.
  • Fagan, J., & Barnett, M. (2003). The relationship between maternal gatekeeping, paternal competence, mothers’ attitudes about the father role, and father involvement. Journal of Family Issues, 24(8), 1020-1043. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03256397
  • Gaunt, R. (2006). Couple similarity and marital satisfaction: Are similar spouses happier? Journal of Personality, 74, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00414.x
  • Gaunt, R. (2008). Maternal gatekeeping: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Family Issues, 29(3): 73-395. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0192513X07307851
  • Gaunt, R., & Pinho, M. (2018). Do sexist mothers change more diapers? Ambivalent sexism, maternal gatekeeping, and the division of childcare. Sex Roles, 79(3), 176-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0864-6
  • Hauser, O. (2012). Pushing daddy away? A qualitative study of maternal gatekeeping. Qualitative Sociology Review, (3)1: 35- 59. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.8.1.03
  • Hazar, Z., & Bütün-Ayhan, A. (2021). Ergenlik döneminde zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan annelerin deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(9), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1088313
  • Hintermair, M., & Sarimski, K. (2019). Fathers of deaf and hard-of-hearing infants and toddlers–experiences, needs, and challenges. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 24(2), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/eny040
  • Hoffman, C.D., & Moon, M. (1999). Women's characteristics and gender role attitudes: Support for father involvement with children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 160(4), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329909595554
  • Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2008-2013). Engelli hakları izleme raporu http://www.engellihaklariizleme.org/tr/files/belgeler/kitap_2013.pdf
  • İzci, B., & Jones, I. (2021). An exploratory study of Turkish fathers’ involvement in the lives of their preschool aged children. Early Years, 41(2-3), 248-261.
  • Karabulut, H. (2019). Annelerin Bildiriminden Annelik Bekçiliği: Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. 2nd International Congress On New Horizons in Education and Social Sciences (ICES), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.584165
  • Karabulut, H. (2021) Okul Öncesi Dönem (3-6 Yaş) ve İlkokul Dönemi (7-11 Yaş) için Annelik Bekçiliği Ölçeği’nin (ABÖ) Uyarlanması: Anne ve Baba Formu. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 34-53.https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.828666
  • Karabulut, H., & Şendil, G. (2017). Annelik bekçiliği ölçeği’nin (ABÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(61), 686-699. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.304704
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (11. baskı) Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kaufman, R.L., & Pickar, D.B. (2017). Understanding parental gatekeeping in families with a special needs child. Family Court Review, 55(2),195-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12273
  • Kaytez, N., Durualp, E., & Kadan, G. (2015). Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 197-214.
  • Kıraçcı, B., ve Bakkaloğlu, H. (2023). The Relationship between Maternal Gatekeeping and Fathers’ Involvement in Caring for Preschool Children with Special Needs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 51(1), 94-112.
  • Kulik, L., & Rayyan, F. (2003). Spousal relations and well- being: A comparative analysis of Jewish and Arab dual- earner families in Israel. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10035
  • Kulik, L., & Tsoref, H. (2010). The entrance to the maternal garden: Environmental and personal variables that explain maternal gatekeeping. Journal of Gender Studies, 19(3), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2010.494342
  • Lopez, S., Mcwhirter, A., Rosencrans, M., Giuliani, N. R., & Mcintyre, L. L. (2019). Father involvement with children with developmental delays. Global Education Review, 6(1), 40-62.
  • Macdonald, E.E., & Hatings, R.P. (2010). Fathers of children with dervelopmental disability. The Role of The Father in Child Deveoplment, içinde. 486- 516.
  • McWayne, C., Downer, J. T., Campos, R., & Harris, R. D. (2013). Father involvement during early childhood and its association with children's early learning: A Meta-analysis. Early Education & Development, 24(6), 898-922.
  • Meteyer, K., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2010). Father involvement among working-class, dual-earner couples. Fathering, 8(3), 379.
  • Oktar, M.N., & Yıldız, R. (2019). Zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan annelerin ölüm kaygısı ile sosyal politikalara güven ilişkisi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 14-1, 463-498. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.478213
  • Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2006). Well‐being, involvement in paid work and division of child‐care in parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 963-969.
  • Özmen, D., & Çetinkaya, A. (2012). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin yaşadiği sorunlar. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 35-49.
  • Pickar, D. B., & Kaufman, R. L. (2019). The special needs child after separation or divorce. Evidence-informed interventions for court-involved families: Promoting healthy coping and development, 325-354.
  • Puhlman, D.J., & Pasley, K. (2013). Rethinking maternal gatekeeping. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(3), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12016
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Early Childhood Education, Basic Training (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zehra Hazar 0000-0002-2483-1912

Aynur Bütün Ayhan 0000-0003-3306-9672

Early Pub Date March 9, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date January 24, 2024
Acceptance Date December 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hazar, Z., & Bütün Ayhan, A. (2025). Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Sahip Annelerin Bekçilik Davranışları ve Babaların Annelik Bekçiliği Davranışlarına Maruziyetlerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 621-645. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1424933