Investigation of heavy metal accumulation and biomonitoring of Calepina irregularis species growing in Amasya (Turkey) province

Abstract

In this study, heavy metal accumulation (Ni, Fe, Co, Mn) in Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. (Brassicaceae), growing naturally in Amasya province, and the usability of it as abiomonitor was investigated. The amount of heavy metals in the root, stem and leaves of plants which were collected from the city center, near the highway, suburban and non-traffic (control) localities, were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the obtained data were evaluated. The Ni, Fe, Co and Mn values in compete plants, growing in traffic areas, were found between the ranges 14.32-35.66 mgkg-1, 827.61- 2716.72 mgkg-1, 12.52-16.51 mgkg-1 and 175.93-826.75 mgkg-1 respectively. The amount of element accumulation in the plant was listed as Fe>Mn>Ni>Co. Ni and Mn were found to be higher in plants growing near the highway while Fe and Co were higher in plants collected from city centre. Heavy metal accumulation was higher in leaves and roots of the plants growing around the highways while it was higher in stems of the plants growing in suburban areas. According to the correlation with plant and soil samples taken from the localities, the relationship between soil and plant, Fe and Mn contents was found significant at P<0.01 level. This shows that the plant receives Ni and Co elements due to air pollution, and that Fe and Mn are mostly taken from the soil through its roots. According to the results of the study, C.irregularis can be used as a biomonitor since it can monitor the short term changes in environmental pollution in urban areas due to its wide distribution area and it has several individuals in its habitat and its conformity with standard analysis methods.

Keywords

• Calepina irregularis
• heavy metal
• biomonitor
• Amasya
• Turkey

Amasya’da yetişen Calepina irregularis türünde ağır metal birikimi ve biyomonitör olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Amasya ilinde doğal olarak yetişen Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. (Brassicaceae) türünde ağır metal birikimi (Ni, Fe, Co, Mn) ve biyomonitör olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Şehiriçi, otoyol kenarı, kenar semt ve trafiğin olmadığı alanlardan toplanan bitki örneklerinin; kök, gövde ve yapraklarında ağır metal miktarları İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma-Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) ile belirlenmiş ve elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Trafik bulunan alanlarda yetişen bitkilerin toplam kütlesindeki Ni, Fe, Co ve Mn değerleri sırasıyla 14.32-35.66 mgkg-1, 827.61-2716.72 mgkg-1, 12.52-16.51 mgkg-1 and 175.93-826.75 mgkg-1 aralığında bulunmuştur. Bitkide element biriktirme miktarı Fe>Mn>Ni>Co şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Ni ve Mn elementi yol kenarında yetişen bireylerde, Fe ve Co ise şehir içinde toplanan örneklerde yüksek değerde tespit edildi. Yol kenarında yetişen bitki örneklerinde yaprak ve kökte ağır metal birikimi daha fazla olurken, kenar semtte yetişen bitkilerde ise gövde de birikim daha fazla bulunmuştur. Lokalitelerden alınan bitki ve toprak örnekleri ile yapılan korelasyona göre toprak ve bitki Fe ve Mn içerikleri arasındaki ilişki P<0.01 düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu da bitkinin Ni ve Co elementlerini hava kirliliği kaynaklı aldığını, Fe ve Mn’yi daha çok kökleri yoluyla topraktan aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre C. irregularis türünün yayılış alanının geniş olması ve habitatında birey sayısı fazla olması, standart analiz metotlarına uygun olması nedeni ile kentsel alanlarda çevresel kirlilikteki kısa vadeli değişiklikleri izleyebildiği için biyomonitör olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

• Calepina irregularis
• ağır metal
• biyomonitör
• Amasya
• Türkiye

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