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Kahve Telvesi ve Yumurta Akı Esaslı Kompozitlerin Isıl Yalıtım Potansiyeli: SEM Görüntüleme ve Segmentasyon Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 15 - 28, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.70988/ajeas.1763775

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kahve telvesi ve yumurta akı kullanılarak yeni nesil biyosıvalar geliştirilmiş ve bu malzemelerin gözeneklilik özellikleri ile ısı yalıtım performansları analiz edilmiştir. Kahve telvesi, lifli ve gözenekli yapısı sayesinde düşük yoğunluk ve düşük ısı iletim katsayısı sağlamaktadır. Yumurta akı ise bağlayıcı ve güçlendirici özellikleriyle malzemenin yapısal dayanıklılığını artırmıştır. Çalışmada, köpürtülmüş ve köpürtülmemiş yumurta akı kullanılarak altı farklı numune hazırlanmış ve SEM görüntüleri üzerinden gözenek dağılımları incelenmiştir. Segmentasyon analizleri sonucunda, köpürtülmüş yumurta akı içeren numunelerde gözeneklilik oranlarının %65–85 arasında olduğu, bunun da ısı yalıtım performansını belirgin şekilde iyileştirdiği görülmüştür. Buna karşın, köpürtülmemiş yumurta akı ile hazırlanan numunelerde gözeneklilik oranı düşük kalmış ve yalıtım performansı zayıflamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kahve telvesi ve yumurta akı karışımının biyobazlı ve çevre dostu bir yalıtım malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle köpürtülmüş yumurta akı ile hazırlanan numuneler, geleneksel çimento esaslı sıvalara kıyasla daha yüksek gözeneklilik ve düşük ısıl iletkenlik gösterebileceği sergilemiştir. Bu sonuçlar, biyosıvaların sürdürülebilir yapı malzemeleri arasında yer alabileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca döngüsel ekonomi ilkelerine katkı sağlayarak atık yönetimi, enerji verimliliği ve karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasına yönelik stratejik bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makalenin yazarları, bu çalışmada kullanılan materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal-özel izin gerektirmediğini beyan eder.

Thanks

Danışmanlığını yaptığım Tübitak 2209-A Programı kapsamındaki projeden esinlenilmiştir. Teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

References

  • K. Abbass, C.L.. Voinea, N. Roijakkers, M. Usman, & H. Song, H., Innovation strategies for ecological sustainability: Effects of natural resources and energy consumption. Sustainable Development, 33(3), 4631-4651, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3287.
  • D. Keiner, L.D. Barbosa, D. Bogdanov, A. Aghahosseini, A. Gulagi, S. Oyewo, ... & C. Breyer, Global-local heat demand development for the energy transition time frame up to 2050. Energies, 14(13), 3814, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133814.
  • S. Braungardt, B. Tezak, J. Rosenow, & V. Bürger, Banning boilers: An analysis of existing regulations to phase out fossil fuel heating in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 183, 113442, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113442.
  • IRENA, “Power to heat and cooling: Status”, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.irena.org/Innovation-landscape-for-smart-electrification/Power-to-heat-and-cooling/Status
  • C2ES, “Clean Industrial Heat: A Technology-Inclusive Framework”, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.c2es.org/document/clean-industrial-heat-a-technology-inclusive-framework/
  • IEA, “Heating – Buildings – IEA”, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/heating
  • A. Korjenic, V. Petránek, J. Zach, and J. Hroudová, “Development and performance evaluation of natural thermal-insulation materials composed of renewable resources”, Energy Build., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2518–2523, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.06.012.
  • K. B. Bonga, L. Bertolacci, M. Contardi, U. C. Paul, M. S. Zafar, G. Mancini, … and A. Athanassiou, “Mycelium Agrowaste-Bound Biocomposites as Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Materials in Building Construction”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., vol. 309, no. 6, p. 2300449, 2024, doi: 10.1002/mame.202300449.
  • F. K. Yildiz and M. S. Kalem, “Investigation of mechanical, thermal, and acoustic performance of insulation materials containing microwave and ultrasound pretreated coffee wastes and estimation of thermal parameters using artificial neural network”, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, vol. 42, no. 5, p. e14164, 2023, doi: 10.1002/ep.14164.
  • Asgharpour, F., & Hosseini, M. (2024). Advancements and challenges in the development of self-healing concrete for sustainable construction-A critical review. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(1), 33-48.
  • F. Kıvrak, “Ticari kahve atıklarının yalıtım malzemesi içerisinde değerlendirilebilirliğinin incelenmesi”, M.S. thesis, Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022.
  • İ. Kılıç, “Horasan harcında yumurta akı kullanımının incelenmesi”, Kirklareli Univ. J. Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 122–134, 2021, doi: 10.34186/klujes.882789.
  • F. Asdrubali, F. D’Alessandro, and S. Schiavoni, “A review of unconventional sustainable building insulation materials”, Sustain. Mater. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 1–17, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.susmat.2015.05.002.
  • G. La Scalia, M. Saeli, P. P. Miglietta, and R. Micale, “Coffee biowaste valorization within circular economy: an evaluation method of spent coffee grounds potentials for mortar production”, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1805–1815, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11367-021-01968-0.
  • T. Kotan, İ. Fırat, M. Kaya, and İ. Ulusu, “Binalarda kullanılan farklı ısı yalıtım malzemelerinin ısı iletkenlik katsayılarının Erzincan ili şartlarında termokupl ve termal kamera ile incelenmesi”, Uludağ Univ. J. Fac. Eng., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 367–382, 2018, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.356648.
  • M. Saeli, M. N. Capela, T. Campisi, M. P. Seabra, D. M. Tobaldi, and C. M. La Fata, “Architectural technologies for life environment: Spent coffee ground reuse in lime-based mortars. A preliminary assessment for innovative green thermo-plasters”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 321, p. 126079, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126079.
  • M. Charai, O. Horma, A. El Hammouti, A. Mezrhab, and M. Karkri, “Thermophysical characteristics of cement-based mortar incorporating spent coffee grounds”, Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 57, pp. 867–870, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.488.
  • G. Kaya and S. Toker, “Kahve tüketim alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi: İstanbul”, Uluslararası Ekonomi Siyaset İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 146–164, 2019.
  • A. M. Papadopoulos, “State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments”, Energy Build., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 77–86, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.05.006.
  • M. Touil, A. Lachheb, R. Saadani, M. Sanbi, A. Talidi, and M. Rahmoune, “Experimental investigation on the combined effect of the water mixing ratio and the addition of spent coffee grounds on plaster’s thermo-mechanical properties”, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 36, p. 101488, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101488.
  • TÜİK, “Kahve Tüketim İstatistikleri, 2013–2020”, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Yayınları, 2021.
  • P. Ricciardi, E. Belloni, F. Merli, & C. Buratti, “Sustainable panels made with industrial and agricultural waste: thermal and environmental critical analysis of the experimental results”, Applied Sciences, 11(2), 494, 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11020494.
  • Q. Tang, & I. Gratchev, “Estimation of sedimentary rock porosity using a digital image analysis”, Applied Sciences, 13(4), 2066, 2023, doi : 10.3390/app13042066.

Thermal Insulation Potential of Coffee Grounds and Egg White-Based Composites: SEM Imaging and Segmentation Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 15 - 28, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.70988/ajeas.1763775

Abstract

In this study, novel bio-based plasters were developed using coffee grounds and egg white, and the porosity characteristics as well as the thermal insulation performance of these materials were analyzed. Coffee grounds, owing to their fibrous and porous structure, provide low density and reduced thermal conductivity. Egg white, on the other hand, serves as a natural binder and reinforcing agent, enhancing the structural integrity of the composite. Six different samples were prepared using both foamed and unfoamed egg white, and the pore distributions were examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. Segmentation analyses revealed that samples containing foamed egg white exhibited porosity levels between 65% and 85%, which significantly improved their thermal insulation performance. Conversely, samples prepared with unfoamed egg white displayed lower porosity values and weaker insulation capacity. The findings indicate that the combination of coffee grounds and egg white can be utilized as a bio-based and environmentally friendly thermal insulation material. Particularly, the samples produced with foamed egg white demonstrated higher porosity and lower thermal conductivity compared to conventional cement-based plasters. These results suggest that bio-plasters may serve as a viable alternative among sustainable building materials. Furthermore, the study contributes to circular economy principles by providing a strategic solution for waste management, enhancing energy efficiency, and reducing carbon emissions.

Ethical Statement

The authors of this article declare that the materials and methods used in these compositions do not require ethics committee approval and/or legal-special permission.

Thanks

It was inspired by a project within the scope of the TUBITAK 2209-A Program, for which I was a consultant. I would like to express my gratitude.

References

  • K. Abbass, C.L.. Voinea, N. Roijakkers, M. Usman, & H. Song, H., Innovation strategies for ecological sustainability: Effects of natural resources and energy consumption. Sustainable Development, 33(3), 4631-4651, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3287.
  • D. Keiner, L.D. Barbosa, D. Bogdanov, A. Aghahosseini, A. Gulagi, S. Oyewo, ... & C. Breyer, Global-local heat demand development for the energy transition time frame up to 2050. Energies, 14(13), 3814, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133814.
  • S. Braungardt, B. Tezak, J. Rosenow, & V. Bürger, Banning boilers: An analysis of existing regulations to phase out fossil fuel heating in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 183, 113442, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113442.
  • IRENA, “Power to heat and cooling: Status”, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.irena.org/Innovation-landscape-for-smart-electrification/Power-to-heat-and-cooling/Status
  • C2ES, “Clean Industrial Heat: A Technology-Inclusive Framework”, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.c2es.org/document/clean-industrial-heat-a-technology-inclusive-framework/
  • IEA, “Heating – Buildings – IEA”, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/heating
  • A. Korjenic, V. Petránek, J. Zach, and J. Hroudová, “Development and performance evaluation of natural thermal-insulation materials composed of renewable resources”, Energy Build., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2518–2523, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.06.012.
  • K. B. Bonga, L. Bertolacci, M. Contardi, U. C. Paul, M. S. Zafar, G. Mancini, … and A. Athanassiou, “Mycelium Agrowaste-Bound Biocomposites as Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Materials in Building Construction”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., vol. 309, no. 6, p. 2300449, 2024, doi: 10.1002/mame.202300449.
  • F. K. Yildiz and M. S. Kalem, “Investigation of mechanical, thermal, and acoustic performance of insulation materials containing microwave and ultrasound pretreated coffee wastes and estimation of thermal parameters using artificial neural network”, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, vol. 42, no. 5, p. e14164, 2023, doi: 10.1002/ep.14164.
  • Asgharpour, F., & Hosseini, M. (2024). Advancements and challenges in the development of self-healing concrete for sustainable construction-A critical review. Alpha Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(1), 33-48.
  • F. Kıvrak, “Ticari kahve atıklarının yalıtım malzemesi içerisinde değerlendirilebilirliğinin incelenmesi”, M.S. thesis, Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022.
  • İ. Kılıç, “Horasan harcında yumurta akı kullanımının incelenmesi”, Kirklareli Univ. J. Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 122–134, 2021, doi: 10.34186/klujes.882789.
  • F. Asdrubali, F. D’Alessandro, and S. Schiavoni, “A review of unconventional sustainable building insulation materials”, Sustain. Mater. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 1–17, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.susmat.2015.05.002.
  • G. La Scalia, M. Saeli, P. P. Miglietta, and R. Micale, “Coffee biowaste valorization within circular economy: an evaluation method of spent coffee grounds potentials for mortar production”, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1805–1815, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11367-021-01968-0.
  • T. Kotan, İ. Fırat, M. Kaya, and İ. Ulusu, “Binalarda kullanılan farklı ısı yalıtım malzemelerinin ısı iletkenlik katsayılarının Erzincan ili şartlarında termokupl ve termal kamera ile incelenmesi”, Uludağ Univ. J. Fac. Eng., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 367–382, 2018, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.356648.
  • M. Saeli, M. N. Capela, T. Campisi, M. P. Seabra, D. M. Tobaldi, and C. M. La Fata, “Architectural technologies for life environment: Spent coffee ground reuse in lime-based mortars. A preliminary assessment for innovative green thermo-plasters”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 321, p. 126079, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126079.
  • M. Charai, O. Horma, A. El Hammouti, A. Mezrhab, and M. Karkri, “Thermophysical characteristics of cement-based mortar incorporating spent coffee grounds”, Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 57, pp. 867–870, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.488.
  • G. Kaya and S. Toker, “Kahve tüketim alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi: İstanbul”, Uluslararası Ekonomi Siyaset İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 146–164, 2019.
  • A. M. Papadopoulos, “State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments”, Energy Build., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 77–86, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.05.006.
  • M. Touil, A. Lachheb, R. Saadani, M. Sanbi, A. Talidi, and M. Rahmoune, “Experimental investigation on the combined effect of the water mixing ratio and the addition of spent coffee grounds on plaster’s thermo-mechanical properties”, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 36, p. 101488, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101488.
  • TÜİK, “Kahve Tüketim İstatistikleri, 2013–2020”, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Yayınları, 2021.
  • P. Ricciardi, E. Belloni, F. Merli, & C. Buratti, “Sustainable panels made with industrial and agricultural waste: thermal and environmental critical analysis of the experimental results”, Applied Sciences, 11(2), 494, 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11020494.
  • Q. Tang, & I. Gratchev, “Estimation of sedimentary rock porosity using a digital image analysis”, Applied Sciences, 13(4), 2066, 2023, doi : 10.3390/app13042066.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Construction Materials, Material Characterization, Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sefa Naz Toktaş 0000-0002-2605-1231

Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date August 13, 2025
Acceptance Date August 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE S. N. Toktaş, “Kahve Telvesi ve Yumurta Akı Esaslı Kompozitlerin Isıl Yalıtım Potansiyeli: SEM Görüntüleme ve Segmentasyon Analizi”, AJEAS, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 15–28, 2025, doi: 10.70988/ajeas.1763775.

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