Çocukların Eşit Paylaşım Davranışının Mantıksal Düşünme Becerileriyle İlişkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 973 - 988, 30.07.2020

Derya Can , Veli Can

https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.738041

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocukların eşit paylaşımı tercih etme/etmeme durumlarına göre, mantıksal düşünme becerilerinin nasıl farklılaştığını incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, çocukların eşit paylaşımda bulunma/bulunmama davranışlarına göre mantıksal düşünme becerilerinin nasıl farklılaştığı ve bu sürecin yaşa bağlı değişimi incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmaya okul öncesi ve ilkokul düzeyinde eğitim görmekte olan 5-7 yaş aralığındaki 104 çocuk katılmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde çocukların eşit paylaşım davranışlarını incelemek amacıyla iki farklı içeriğe sahip (şeker ve etiket paylaşımı) etkinlikten yararlanılmıştır. Çocukların mantıksal düşünme becerilerini incelemek amacıyla iki farklı çıkarım türünden oluşan üç soru sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, hem çıkartma hem de şeker kullanılan uygulamalarda çocukların büyük bir çoğunluğunun eşit paylaşım davranışı gerçekleştirdiği görülmüştür. Eşit paylaşımda bulunan çocuklar bu tercihlerinin sebebini genellikle adalet konusuna vurgu yaparak açıklamıştır. Çocukların yaşlarındaki artışa bağlı olarak eşit paylaşım davranışının arttığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların özellikle alternatif öncüller üretmelerini gerektiren çıkarım türlerinde zorlandıkları görülmüştür. Bunun yanında çocukların mantıksal düşünme becerilerinde görülen farklılaşmanın eşit paylaşım davranışı sergileme durumuyla ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Kaynak olarak şeker seçildiğinde, eşit paylaşımı tercih eden çocukların yaşça büyük olduğu ve mantıksal düşünme becerilerinin de daha gelişmiş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların temel düzey mantık bilgisine sahip olmalarının bilişsel, duyuşsal ve sosyal boyutta gelişimlerini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu etkiyi incelemek amacıyla basit mantık kurallarını ve temel çıkarım türlerini içeren bir mantık programı hazırlanarak çocukların bilişsel, duyuşsal ve sosyal boyutlardaki gelişimlerine etkisi incelenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mantıksal düşünme, eşit paylaşım, mantık, adalet, okul öncesi, ilkokul

The Relationship Between Children’s Equal Sharing Behaviour and Logical Reasoning

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine how the logical thinking skills of children differ according to their preferences in regard to equal sharing. In this context, how the logical thinking skills of children differ according to their equal sharing behaviours and how children’s sharing behaviours and logical thinking skills change based on the increase in age were examined. The participants were 104 children attending either preschools or primary schools based on ages 5-7. The data of the study were collected using two different activities (sticker and candy). Three questions, consisting of two different types of inference, were asked to examine their logical thinking skills. It is found that in the activities in which either candies or stickers were used as rewards, most of the participants managed to distribute the rewards equally. Children who share equally often explain the reason for their choices with justice. The findings indicated that children tend to share equally depending on the increase in their ages. As a result of the study, it is seen that children have difficulties in making inferences, especially in inference types that require them to produce alternative premises. In addition, the relationship between the difference in the logical thinking skills of children and their equal sharing behaviours were examined. When choosing candies as the source, it is possible to say that children who prefer equal sharing are older and their logical thinking skills are more developed. It is thought that having basic logic knowledge for children will affect their cognitive, affective and social development positively. In order to examine this effect, a logic program including simple logic rules and basic inference types should be developed, and its effects on children’s cognitive, affective and social development should be investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Logical reasoning, equal sharing, logic, fairness, kindergarten, primary school

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