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Influence of Somatic Cell Count of Raw Milk on Sensory Properties of Yogurt

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 151 - 157, 01.06.2016

Abstract

Somatic cell count SCC in raw milk, which is used as a criterion for udder infection, has effects on the quality, yield and shelf life of milk products. Depending on physical, chemical or infections factors in udder, high SCC level in raw milk is evaluated as the sign of mastitis. An increase in SCC level in raw milk causes many changes in raw milk constituents. Like other milk products, these changes caused by high SCC have significant effects on yogurt. However, studies about the effects of raw milk SCC on the sensory properties of yogurt are very limited. In this study, the effect of SCC level in raw cow milk on sensory properties of yogurt was determined. For this purpose, 5 raw milk samples with the SCC level, with 52.000, 84.000, 94.000, 283.000 and 585.000 cells/mL were collected from 5 different dairy cattle farms located in Kocarlı county of Aydın Turkey and used for yogurt production. Then, sensory properties such as appearance, consistency, odor, and flavor scores of yogurt were determined. Results showed that SCC level of raw milks did not effected to sensory properties of yogurts produced from different SCC containing raw milk samples

References

  • Anonim, 2007. T. C. Başbakanlık, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. Dokuzuncu Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2007-2013, Gıda Sanayi Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. DPT: 2720, ÖIK: 673, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1999. Yogurt Standard. Turkish Standards No: TS 1330, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Cedden, F., Kor, A., Keskin S., 2002. Laktasyonun geç döneminde keçi sütünde somatik hücre sayımı; yaş, süt verimi ve bazı meme özellikleri ile olan ilişkileri. YYÜ Ziraat Fak. Tarım Bilimleri Derg.12: 63-67.
  • Chion, A.R., Tabacco, E., Giaccone, D., Peiretti, P.G., Battelli, G., Borreani, G., 2010. Variation of fatty acid and terpene profiles in mountain milk and ‘‘Toma piemontese” cheese as affected by diet composition in different seasons. Food Chemistry 121: 393–399.
  • Çınar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A., Görgülü, M., 2015. Effect of Somatic Cell Count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14: 3646- 3650.
  • Davis, S.R., Farr, V.C., Prosser, C.G., Nicholas, G.D., Turner, S.A., Lee, J., 2004. Milk L-lactate concentration in increased during mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research 71: 175–181.
  • Deveci, H., Apaydın, A.M., Kalkan, C., Öcal, H., 1994. Evcil Hayvanlarda Meme Hastalıkları, Fırat Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1. Baskı, Elazığ.
  • Enright, E., Bland, P., Needs, E.C., Kelly, A.L. 1999. Proteolysis and physicochemical changes in milk on storage as affected by UHT treatment, plasmin activity and KIO3 addition. International Dairy Journal 9: 581-591.
  • Eyduran, E., Özdemir, T., Yazgan, K., Keskin, S. 2005. Siyah Alaca inek sütündeki somatik hücre sayısına laktasyon sırası ve dönemin etkisi. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 16(1): 61-65.
  • Fernandes, A.M., Oliveira, C.A.F., Lima, C.G., 2007. Effects of somatic cell counts in milk on physical and chemical characteristics of yoghurt. International Dairy Journal 17: 111-115.
  • Göncü, S., Özkütük, K., 2002. Adana entansif süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde yetiştirilen saf ve melez siyah alaca inek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısına etki eden faktörler ve mastitisle ilişkisi. Hayvansal Üretim 43(2): 44-53.
  • Grönlund, U., Hulten, C., Eckersall, P.D., Hogarth, C., Persson, W.K., 2003. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research 70: 379–386.
  • Hamann, J., 2002. Relationship between somatic cell count and milk composition. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 379: 56–59.
  • Hachana, P., Paape, M.J., 2012. Physical and chemical characteristics of yoghurt from whole milk with different levels of somatic cell counts. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 63(3): 303-309.
  • Jensen, R.G., Blanc, B., Patton, S., 1995. Particulate constituents in human and bovine milks. In R. G. Jensen Ed., Handbook of milk composition pp. 50–62. San Diego, USA: Academic Press
  • Jones, G.M., Pearson, R.E., Clabaugh, G.A., Heald, C.M., 1984. Relationship between somatic cell counts and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 67: 1823-1831
  • Kalit, S., Lukac, H.J., Kaps, M., Perkoc, B., Cubric, C.V., 2005. Proteolysis and the optimal ripening time of Tounj cheese, International Dairy Journal 15: 619–624.
  • Kesenkaş, H., 2008. Çiğ Sütün Depolaması ve Somatik Hücre Sayısının Kontrolü. Uluslararası Süt Sığırcılığı Ve Süt Ürünleri Çalıştayı 28-29 Nisan 2008.
  • Kitchen, B., 1981. Review of the progress of dairy science; Bovine mastitis: milk compositional changes and related diagnostic tests. Journal of Dairy Research 48: 167–188.
  • Koç, A., 2007. Daily milk yield, non-fat dry matter content and somatic cell count of Hosltein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss cows. Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 57(5-6): 523-535.
  • Koç, A. 2008. A study of somatic cell count in th milk of Holstein-Friesian cows managed in Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 32(1): 13-18.
  • Koç, A., 2009. Some factors influencing milk somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Brows- Swiss cows under the Mediterranean climatic conditions. Archives Animal Breeding 52(2): 124- 133.
  • Koç, A., 2015 Effects of somatic cell count and various environmental factors on milk yield and foremilk constituents of Red-Holstein cows. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 21(3): 439-447.
  • Korhonen, H., Kaartinen, L., 1995. Changes in the composition of milk induced by mastitis. In M., Sandholm, T., Honkanen-Buzalski, L., Kaartinen, & S. Pyörala (Eds.), The bovine udder and mastitis pp. 76–82. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
  • Ligda, C.H., Mavrogenis, A.A., Georgoudis, A., 2002. Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Test Day Somatic Cell Counts in Chios Dairy Sheep. 7th World Congress On Genetic Applied To Livestock Production, August 19-23, Montpellier, France
  • Lindmark-Mansson, H., Svensson, U., Paulsson, M., Alden, G., Frank, B., Johnsson, G., 2000. Influence of milk components, somatic cells and supplemental International Dairy Journal 10: 423–433. milk processability
  • Manlongat, N., Yang, T.J., Hinckley, L.S., Bendel, H.M., R.B., chemoattractant-induced 1998. Physiologic- migration of somatic cell counts on the
  • Oliveira, C.A.F., Fernandes, A.M., Cunha Neto, O.C., Fonseca, L.F.L., Silva, E.O.T., Balian, S.C., 2002. Composition and sensory evaluation of whole yoghurt produced from milk with different somatic cell count. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 57: 192–196.
  • Omore, A.O., Mcdermott, J.J., Arimi, S.M., Kyule, M.N., 1999. Impact of mastitis control measures on milk production and mastitis indicators in smallholder dairy farms in Kaimbu District, Kenya. Tropical Animal Health And Publication 31: 347- 361.
  • Onoğur, T.A., Elmacı, Y., 2011. Gıdalarda Duyusal Değerlendirme, Sidaş Medya, İzmir, 2011, 2. Baskı
  • Paape, M.J., Tucker, H.A., 1966. Somatic cell content variation in fraction collected milk. Journal of Dairy Science 49: 265–267.
  • Randolph, H., Erwin, R.E., Richter, R.L., 1971. Influence of mastitis on properties of milk VII- Distribution of milk proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 57: 15-18.
  • Raubertas, R., Shook, G.E., 1982. Relationship between lactation measures of somatic cell concentration and milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science 65: 419-425.
  • Rogers, S.A., Mitchell, G.E., 1994. The relationship between somatic cell count, composition and manufacturing properties of bulk milk 6. Cheddar cheese and skim milk yoghurt. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 49: 70–74.
  • Shoshani, E., 1999. Guidelines for production of high quality milk. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Extension Service Mechanization and Technology Department. Israel
  • [Somers, J.M., O'Brien, B., Meaney, W.J., Kelly, A.L., 2003. Heterogeneity of proteolytic enzyme activities in milk samples of different somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Research 70: 45–50.
  • Tarakci, Z., Kucukoner, E., 2003. Physical
  • microbiological chemical
  • characteristics of some fruit-flavored yoghurt, YYÜ
  • Vet Fak Derg. 14 (2):10-14. and sensory
  • Urech, E., Puhan, Z., Schallibaum, M., 1999. Changes in milk protein fraction as affected by subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 82: 2404–2411.
  • Visser, H., Paulsson, M., 2001 Beta-lactoglobulin: a whey protein with unique properties. Industrial Proteins 9: 9–12.
  • Vivar-Quintana, A.M., De La Mano, E.B., Revilla, I., 2006. Relationship between somatic cell counts and the properties of yoghurt made from ewes’ milk, International Dairy Journal 16 : 262–267.
  • Wolfova, M., Stipkova, M., Wolf, J., 2006. Incidence and economics of clinical mastitis in five Holstein herds in the Czech Republic. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 77(1-2): 48-64.

Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 151 - 157, 01.06.2016

Abstract

Çiğ sütteki Somatik Hücre Sayısı SHS meme enfeksiyonunun bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmekte ve üretilecek ürünün kalitesini, randımanını ve raf ömrünü etkilemektedir. Çiğ sütte SHS’nin yüksek olması, memede fiziksel, kimyasal veya infeksiyöz etkenlere bağlı olarak mastitisin göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çiğ sütte SHS’nin artışı sütün yapısındaki önemli değişiklikleri işaret etmektedir. Yüksek SHS’nin neden olduğu bu değişiklikler diğer süt ürünlerini gibi yoğurdun da kalitesini etkilemektedir. Ancak, çiğ sütteki SHS’nin yoğurdun duyusal özellikleri üzerine olan etkilerini ortaya koymaya yönelik araştırma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, inek sütünde bulunan SHS’nin yoğurdun duyusal özellikleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla SHS düzeyi mililitrede 52.000, 84.000, 94.000, 283.000 ve 585.000 hücre arasında değişen toplam 5 adet çiğ süt örneği Aydın ili Koçarlı ilçesinin bazı köylerinde üretim yapan 5 farklı işletmeden toplanmış ve bu sütlerden üretilen yoğurtlarda görünüş, kıvam, koku ve tat gibi duyusal özellikler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda mevcut çalışma koşullarında SHS’nın farklılığının bu sütlerden üretilen yoğurtların duyusal özelliklerini etkilemediği belirlenmiştir p>0.05

References

  • Anonim, 2007. T. C. Başbakanlık, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. Dokuzuncu Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2007-2013, Gıda Sanayi Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. DPT: 2720, ÖIK: 673, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1999. Yogurt Standard. Turkish Standards No: TS 1330, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Cedden, F., Kor, A., Keskin S., 2002. Laktasyonun geç döneminde keçi sütünde somatik hücre sayımı; yaş, süt verimi ve bazı meme özellikleri ile olan ilişkileri. YYÜ Ziraat Fak. Tarım Bilimleri Derg.12: 63-67.
  • Chion, A.R., Tabacco, E., Giaccone, D., Peiretti, P.G., Battelli, G., Borreani, G., 2010. Variation of fatty acid and terpene profiles in mountain milk and ‘‘Toma piemontese” cheese as affected by diet composition in different seasons. Food Chemistry 121: 393–399.
  • Çınar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A., Görgülü, M., 2015. Effect of Somatic Cell Count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14: 3646- 3650.
  • Davis, S.R., Farr, V.C., Prosser, C.G., Nicholas, G.D., Turner, S.A., Lee, J., 2004. Milk L-lactate concentration in increased during mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research 71: 175–181.
  • Deveci, H., Apaydın, A.M., Kalkan, C., Öcal, H., 1994. Evcil Hayvanlarda Meme Hastalıkları, Fırat Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1. Baskı, Elazığ.
  • Enright, E., Bland, P., Needs, E.C., Kelly, A.L. 1999. Proteolysis and physicochemical changes in milk on storage as affected by UHT treatment, plasmin activity and KIO3 addition. International Dairy Journal 9: 581-591.
  • Eyduran, E., Özdemir, T., Yazgan, K., Keskin, S. 2005. Siyah Alaca inek sütündeki somatik hücre sayısına laktasyon sırası ve dönemin etkisi. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 16(1): 61-65.
  • Fernandes, A.M., Oliveira, C.A.F., Lima, C.G., 2007. Effects of somatic cell counts in milk on physical and chemical characteristics of yoghurt. International Dairy Journal 17: 111-115.
  • Göncü, S., Özkütük, K., 2002. Adana entansif süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde yetiştirilen saf ve melez siyah alaca inek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısına etki eden faktörler ve mastitisle ilişkisi. Hayvansal Üretim 43(2): 44-53.
  • Grönlund, U., Hulten, C., Eckersall, P.D., Hogarth, C., Persson, W.K., 2003. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research 70: 379–386.
  • Hamann, J., 2002. Relationship between somatic cell count and milk composition. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 379: 56–59.
  • Hachana, P., Paape, M.J., 2012. Physical and chemical characteristics of yoghurt from whole milk with different levels of somatic cell counts. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 63(3): 303-309.
  • Jensen, R.G., Blanc, B., Patton, S., 1995. Particulate constituents in human and bovine milks. In R. G. Jensen Ed., Handbook of milk composition pp. 50–62. San Diego, USA: Academic Press
  • Jones, G.M., Pearson, R.E., Clabaugh, G.A., Heald, C.M., 1984. Relationship between somatic cell counts and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 67: 1823-1831
  • Kalit, S., Lukac, H.J., Kaps, M., Perkoc, B., Cubric, C.V., 2005. Proteolysis and the optimal ripening time of Tounj cheese, International Dairy Journal 15: 619–624.
  • Kesenkaş, H., 2008. Çiğ Sütün Depolaması ve Somatik Hücre Sayısının Kontrolü. Uluslararası Süt Sığırcılığı Ve Süt Ürünleri Çalıştayı 28-29 Nisan 2008.
  • Kitchen, B., 1981. Review of the progress of dairy science; Bovine mastitis: milk compositional changes and related diagnostic tests. Journal of Dairy Research 48: 167–188.
  • Koç, A., 2007. Daily milk yield, non-fat dry matter content and somatic cell count of Hosltein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss cows. Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 57(5-6): 523-535.
  • Koç, A. 2008. A study of somatic cell count in th milk of Holstein-Friesian cows managed in Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 32(1): 13-18.
  • Koç, A., 2009. Some factors influencing milk somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Brows- Swiss cows under the Mediterranean climatic conditions. Archives Animal Breeding 52(2): 124- 133.
  • Koç, A., 2015 Effects of somatic cell count and various environmental factors on milk yield and foremilk constituents of Red-Holstein cows. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 21(3): 439-447.
  • Korhonen, H., Kaartinen, L., 1995. Changes in the composition of milk induced by mastitis. In M., Sandholm, T., Honkanen-Buzalski, L., Kaartinen, & S. Pyörala (Eds.), The bovine udder and mastitis pp. 76–82. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
  • Ligda, C.H., Mavrogenis, A.A., Georgoudis, A., 2002. Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Test Day Somatic Cell Counts in Chios Dairy Sheep. 7th World Congress On Genetic Applied To Livestock Production, August 19-23, Montpellier, France
  • Lindmark-Mansson, H., Svensson, U., Paulsson, M., Alden, G., Frank, B., Johnsson, G., 2000. Influence of milk components, somatic cells and supplemental International Dairy Journal 10: 423–433. milk processability
  • Manlongat, N., Yang, T.J., Hinckley, L.S., Bendel, H.M., R.B., chemoattractant-induced 1998. Physiologic- migration of somatic cell counts on the
  • Oliveira, C.A.F., Fernandes, A.M., Cunha Neto, O.C., Fonseca, L.F.L., Silva, E.O.T., Balian, S.C., 2002. Composition and sensory evaluation of whole yoghurt produced from milk with different somatic cell count. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 57: 192–196.
  • Omore, A.O., Mcdermott, J.J., Arimi, S.M., Kyule, M.N., 1999. Impact of mastitis control measures on milk production and mastitis indicators in smallholder dairy farms in Kaimbu District, Kenya. Tropical Animal Health And Publication 31: 347- 361.
  • Onoğur, T.A., Elmacı, Y., 2011. Gıdalarda Duyusal Değerlendirme, Sidaş Medya, İzmir, 2011, 2. Baskı
  • Paape, M.J., Tucker, H.A., 1966. Somatic cell content variation in fraction collected milk. Journal of Dairy Science 49: 265–267.
  • Randolph, H., Erwin, R.E., Richter, R.L., 1971. Influence of mastitis on properties of milk VII- Distribution of milk proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 57: 15-18.
  • Raubertas, R., Shook, G.E., 1982. Relationship between lactation measures of somatic cell concentration and milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science 65: 419-425.
  • Rogers, S.A., Mitchell, G.E., 1994. The relationship between somatic cell count, composition and manufacturing properties of bulk milk 6. Cheddar cheese and skim milk yoghurt. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 49: 70–74.
  • Shoshani, E., 1999. Guidelines for production of high quality milk. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Extension Service Mechanization and Technology Department. Israel
  • [Somers, J.M., O'Brien, B., Meaney, W.J., Kelly, A.L., 2003. Heterogeneity of proteolytic enzyme activities in milk samples of different somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Research 70: 45–50.
  • Tarakci, Z., Kucukoner, E., 2003. Physical
  • microbiological chemical
  • characteristics of some fruit-flavored yoghurt, YYÜ
  • Vet Fak Derg. 14 (2):10-14. and sensory
  • Urech, E., Puhan, Z., Schallibaum, M., 1999. Changes in milk protein fraction as affected by subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 82: 2404–2411.
  • Visser, H., Paulsson, M., 2001 Beta-lactoglobulin: a whey protein with unique properties. Industrial Proteins 9: 9–12.
  • Vivar-Quintana, A.M., De La Mano, E.B., Revilla, I., 2006. Relationship between somatic cell counts and the properties of yoghurt made from ewes’ milk, International Dairy Journal 16 : 262–267.
  • Wolfova, M., Stipkova, M., Wolf, J., 2006. Incidence and economics of clinical mastitis in five Holstein herds in the Czech Republic. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 77(1-2): 48-64.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Selda Bulca This is me

Mustafa Duran This is me

Atakan Koç This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bulca, S., Duran, M., & Koç, A. (2016). Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 14(2), 151-157.
AMA Bulca S, Duran M, Koç A. Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. June 2016;14(2):151-157.
Chicago Bulca, Selda, Mustafa Duran, and Atakan Koç. “Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Akademik Gıda 14, no. 2 (June 2016): 151-57.
EndNote Bulca S, Duran M, Koç A (June 1, 2016) Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda 14 2 151–157.
IEEE S. Bulca, M. Duran, and A. Koç, “Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 151–157, 2016.
ISNAD Bulca, Selda et al. “Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Akademik Gıda 14/2 (June 2016), 151-157.
JAMA Bulca S, Duran M, Koç A. Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. 2016;14:151–157.
MLA Bulca, Selda et al. “Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 14, no. 2, 2016, pp. 151-7.
Vancouver Bulca S, Duran M, Koç A. Çiğ İnek Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısının Yoğurdun Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. 2016;14(2):151-7.

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