BibTex RIS Cite

Essential Oils: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities

Year 2014, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 45 - 53, 01.09.2014

Abstract

Essential oils also called volatile or ethereal oils are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant materials. These natural products have been widely used in bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications since the Middle Age. Especially in recent years, the use of essential oils as functional ingredients in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, sanitation, toiletry, cosmetic and agricultural industries has been gaining momentum, both for the growing interest of consumers in ingredients from natural sources and also because of increasing concern about potentially harmful synthetic additives. Therefore, the importance of these natural additives has been increasing day to day. In this review, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of essential oils are presented

References

  • Çelik, E., Çelik, G.Y., 2007. Bitki uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 5(2): 1-6. Orlab On-Line
  • Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils- A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 446- 475.
  • Sevinç, A., Merdun, B., 1995. Türkiye’de yetişen uçucu yağ içeren bitkiler ve kullanım alanları. Bitirme Ödevi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Grassmann, J., Elstner, E.F., 2003. Essential oils/properties and uses. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (Elsevier Science Ltd.): 2177-2184 p.
  • Lawrence, R., Lawrence, K., 2011. Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(1): 51-54.
  • Wallace, R.J., 2004. Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society 63(4): 621-629.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88(2): 308-316.
  • Cowan, M.M., 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews12(4): 564- 582.
  • Özgüven, M., Kırıcı, S., 1999. Farklı ekolojilerde Nane (Mentha) türlerinin verim ile uçucu yağ oran ve bileşenlerin araştırılması. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Foresty 23: 465-472.
  • Baydar, H., 2005. Yayla kekiği (Origanum minutiflorum O. Scwarz et. P.H. Davis)’nde farklı toplama zamanlarının uçucu yağ içeriği ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 18(2): 175-178.
  • Couladis, M., Özcan, M., Tzakou, O., Akgül, A., 2002. Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) ağacının değişik organlarında uçucu yağ bileşimi. 14. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, 29-31 Mayıs, Eskişehir, Bildiriler kitabı, s:240-245. ISBN 975- 94077-2-8.
  • Masotti, V., Juteau, F., Bessiere, J.M., Viano, J., 2003. Seasonal and phenological variations of the essential oil from the narrow endemic species Artemisia molinieri and its biological activities. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51(24): 7115–7121.
  • Angioni, A., Barra, A., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S., Cabras, P., 2006. Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(12): 4364–4370.
  • Kılıç, A., 2008. Uçucu yağ elde etme yöntemleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 10(13):37-45.
  • Sankarikutty, B., Narayanan, C.S., 1993. Essential Oils/Isolation and production.Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Nutrition, Academic Press, pp.2185-2189.
  • Wang,L., Weller, C.L., 2006. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends in Food Science and Technology 17(6): 300–312.
  • Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M. H. A., Ghafoor, K., Norulaini, N. A. N., Omar, A. K. M., 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering 117(4): 426-436.
  • Silva, J., Abebe, W., Sousa, S.M., Duarte, V.G., Machado, M.I.L., Matos, F.J.A., 2003. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89(2-3): 277–283.
  • Hajhashemi, V., Ghannadi, A., Sharif, B., 2003. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89(1): 67–71.
  • Perry, N.S., Bollen, C., Perry, E.K., Ballard, C., 2003. Salvia for dementia therapy: Review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.75(3): 651–659.
  • Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223-253.
  • Boyle, W., 1955. Spices and essential oils as preservatives. The American Perfumer and Essential Oil Review 66: 25-28.
  • Bishop, C.D., 1995. Antiviral activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel (tea tree) against tobacco mosaic virus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(6): 641- 644.
  • Azzouz, M.A., Bullerman, L.B., 1982. Comparative antimycotic effects of selected herbs, spices, plant components and commercial antifungal agents. Journal of Food Protection 45(14): 1298-1301.
  • Akgül, A., Kıvanç¸, M., 1988. Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi. International Journal of Food Microbiology 6(3): 263-268.
  • Jayashree, T., Subramanyam, C., 1999. Antiaflatoxigenic activity of eugenol is due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Letters in Applied Microbiology 28(3): 179-183.
  • Pandey, R., Kalra, A., Tandon, S., Mehrotra, N., Singh, H.N., Kumar, S., 2000. Essential oil compounds as potent source of nematicidal compounds. Journal of Phytopathology 148(7-8): 501-502.
  • Pessoa, L.M., Morais, S.M., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Luciano, J.H.S., 2002. Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. and eugenol against Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology 109(1-2): 59-63.
  • Akgül, A., Kıvanç¸, M., Sert, S., 1991. Effect of carvacrol on growth and toxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Sciences des Aliments 11(2): 361-370.
  • Ultee, A., Smid, E.J., 2001. Influence of carvacrol on growth and toxin production by Bacillus cereus. International Journal of Food Microbiology 64(3): 373-378.
  • Juglal, S., Govinden, R., Odhav, B., 2002. Spice oils for the control of co-occurring mycotoxin- producing fungi. Journal of Food Protection 65(4): 683-687.
  • Konstantopoulou, I., Vassilopoulou, L., Mavragani- Tsipidou, P., Scouras, Z.G., 1992. Insecticidal effects of essential oils. A study of the effects of essential oils extracted from eleven Greek aromatic plants on Drosophila auraria. Experientia 48(6): 616-619.
  • Karpouhtsis, I., Pardali, E., Feggou, E., Kokkini, S., Scouras, Z.G., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P., 1998. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of oregano essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(3): 1111-1115.
  • Essawi, T., Srour, M., 2000. Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 70(3): 343- 349.
  • Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Ruberto, G., 1998(a). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 13(4): 235-244.
  • Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Biondi, D.M., Ruberto, G., 1998(b). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research 10(6): 618- 627.
  • Deans, S.G., 1991. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of essential oil (volatile) oils. In H. F. Linskens & J. F. Jackson (Eds.), Essential oils and waxes: Vol. 12. Modern methods of plant analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 309-320.
  • Halendar, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandhom, T., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., Gorris, L.G. M., von Wright, A., 1998. Characterisation of the action of selected essential oil components on gram negative bacteria. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(9): 3590–3595.
  • Çabuk, M., Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M., İmre, N., 2003. Aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen esansiyel yağların antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve alternatif yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanım imkanı. s: 184-187. II. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, Konya.
  • Kamel, C., 2000. A novel look at a classic approach of plant extracts. Feed Mix Special, 19–21.
  • Şengezer E., Güngör T., 2008. Esansiyel yağların hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri. Lalahan Hayvan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 48(2): 101-110.
  • Toroğlu, S., Çenet, M., 2006. Tedavi amaçlı kullanılan bazı bitkilerin kullanım alanları ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi için kullanılan metodlar. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 9(2): 12-20.
  • Farag, R.S., Daw, Z.Y., Abo-Raya, S.H., 1989. Influence of some spice essential oils on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and production of aflatoxins in a synthetic medium. J. Food Sci. 54(1): 74-76.
  • Nostro, A., Germano, M.P., D’angelo, V., Marino, A., Cannatelli, M.A., 2000. Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 30(5): 79-84.
  • Sartoratto, A., Machado, A.L.M., Delarmelina, C., Figueria, G.M., Duarte, M.C.T., Rehder, V.L.G., 2004. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 35(4): 275-280.
  • El-Shazly, A., Dorai, G., Wink, M., 2002. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Hexane-Ether Extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (dc.) Feinbr. and Fertig. Z Naturforsch 57(7-8): 620-623.
  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Salvia lanigera. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6(2): 133-135.
  • Lambert, R.J.W., Skandamis, P.N., Coote, P., Nychas, G.J.E, 2001. A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91(3): 453-462.
  • Lee, H.S., Ahn, Y.J.,1998. Growth-inhibiting effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials on human intestinal bacteria. J. Agri. Food Chem. 46(1): 8-12.
  • İlçim, A., Dığrak, M., Bağcı, E., 1998. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının araştırılması. Tr. J. Biology 22: 119-125. etkilerinin
  • Mitsch, P., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Köhler, B., Gabler, C., Losa, R., Zimpernik, I., 2004. The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfiringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 83(4): 669-675.
  • Evans, J.W., Plunkett, M.S., Banfield, M.J., 2001. Effect of an essential oil blend on coccidiosis in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 80(1): 258.
  • Allen, P.C., Lydon, J., Danforth, H.D., 1997. Effects of components of Artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. Poultry Sci. 76(8): 1156
  • Pinto, E., Salgueiro, L.R., Cavaleiro, C., Palmeira, A., Gonzalves, M.J., 2007. In vitro susceptibility of some species of yeasts and filamentous fungi to essential oils of Salvia officinalis. Ind. Crop. Prod. 26(2): 135-141.
  • Guynot, M.E., Ramos, A.J., Seto, L., Purroy, P., Sanchis, V., Marin, S., 2003. Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery products. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94(5): 893–899.
  • Wang, R., Wang, R., Yang, B., 2009. Extraction of essential oils from five cinnamon leaves and identification compositions. Innovative Food Sci. and Emerging Tech. 10(2): 289–292. volatile compound
  • Rasooli, I., Rezaei, M.B., Alameh, A., 2006. Growth inhibition Aspergillus niger by essential oils from Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus x-porlock. Food Control 17(5): 359-364. of
  • Tzortzakis, N.K., Economakis, C.D., 2007. Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus L.) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. EmergingTech. 8(2): 253–258. Food Sci. and
  • Şahin, F, Güllüce, M., Daferera, D., Sökmen, A., Sökmen, M., Polissiou, M., Ağar, G., Özer, H., 2004. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control 15(7): 549–557.
  • Nguefack, J., Dongmo, J.B.L., Dakole, C.D., Leth, V., Vismer, H.F., Pedersen, J.G.T., Guemdjom, E.F.N., Mbeffo, M., Tamgue, O., Fotio, D., Zollo, P.H., Nkengfack, A.E., 2009. Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. Int. J. Food Microbiol.131(2-3): 151–156.
  • Vazquez, B.I., Fente, C., Franco, C.M., Vazquez, M.J., Cepeda, A., 2001. Inhibitory effects of eugenol and thymol on Penicillium citrinum strains in culture media and cheese. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 67(1-2): 157–163.
  • Wendorff, W.L., Riha, W.R., Muehlenkamp, E., 1993. Growth of molds on cheese treated with heat or liquid smoke. J. Food Protect. 56(11): 963-966.
  • Wendorff, W.L., Wee, C., 1997. Effect of smoke and spice oils on growth of molds on oil-coated cheeses. J. Food Protect. 60(2): 153-156.
  • Lopez-Malo, A., Barreto-Valdivieso, J., Palou, E., San Martin, F., 2007. Aspergillus flavus growth response to cinnamon extract and sodium benzoate mixtures. Food Control 18(11): 1358-1362.
  • Gandomi, H., Misaghi, A., Basti, A. A., Bokaei, S., Khosravi, A., Abbasifar, A., Javan, A.J., 2009. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on growth and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus in culture media and cheese. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47(10): 2397–2400.
  • Rasooli, I., Fakoor, M.H., Yadegarinia, D., Gachkar, L., Antimycotoxigenic characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis and Trachyspermum copticum L. essential oils. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 122(1-2): 135– 139. Rezaei, M.B., 2008.
  • Kumar, R., Mishra, A.K., Dubey, N.K., Tripathi, Evaluation Y.B., ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115(2): 159–164. Chenopodium
  • Klaric, M.S., Kosalec, J., Mastelic, J., Pieckova, E., Pepeljnak, S., 2007. Antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and thymol against moulds from damp dwellings. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 44(1): 36-42.
  • Schelz, Z., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J., 2006. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia 77(4): 279-285.
  • Bammi, J., Khelifa, R., Remmal, A., 1997. Etudes de l’activité antivirale de quelques huiles essentielles. In Proceedings of the Intern. Congr. Arom. Medicinal Plants & Essential Oils, Benjilali, B., Ettalibi, M., Ismaili-Alaoui, M., Zrira, S. (eds). Actes Editions, Rabat, Morocco, p.502.
  • Turan, F., Gürağaç, R., Sayın, S., 2012. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde esansiyel yağlar. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi 5(1): 35-40.
  • Karpinska, M., Borowski, J., Danowska-Oziewicz, M., 2001. The use of natural antioxidants in ready- to-serve food. Food Chemistry 72(1): 5–9.
  • Ames, B.M., 1983. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens: Oxygen radical and degenerative diseases. Science 221(4617): 1256–1263.
  • Cuvelier, M., Richard, H., Berset, C., 1996. Antioxidative Activity and Phenolic Composition Of Pilot-Plant and Commercial Extracts of Sage And Rosemary. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 73(5): 645-652.
  • Vekiari, S.A.,, Oreopoulou, V., Tzia, C., Thomopoulos, C.D., 1993. Oregano flavonoids as lipid antioxidants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 70(5): 483-487.
  • Farag, R.S., Badei, A.Z.M.A., Hewedi, F.M., El- Baroty, G.S.A., 1989. Antioxidant activity of some spices essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation in aqueous media. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 66(6): 792-799.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Noble, R.C., Surai, P., 1995. Evaluation in vitro of plant essential oils as natural antioxidants. Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(6): 645–651.
  • Youdim, K.A., Deans, S.G., 2000. Effect of thyme oil and thymol dietary supplementation on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of the ageing rat brain. Br. J. Nutr. 83(1): 87-93.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D.J., Spais, A.B., 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br. Poult. Sci. 43(2): 223-230.
  • Simitzis, P.E., Deligeorgis, S.G., Bizelis, J.A., Dardamani, A., Theodosiou, I., Fegeros, K., 2008. Effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. Meat Sci. 79(2): 217
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Nikolakakis, I., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., 2005. Hen Performance and Egg Quality as Affected by Dietary Oregano Essential Oil and - tocopheryl Acetate Supplementation. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4(7): 449-454.
  • İlhan, A., Gürel, A., Armutçu, F., Kamışlı, S., İraz, M., 2005. Antiepileptogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Nigella sativa oil against Pentylenetetrazol- induced Kindling in Mice. Neuropharmacology 49(4): 456-464.
  • Attia-Zouair, M. G., Nagatsuka, H., Mostafa, K. A., Nagai, N., 2005. Effect of Vitamin E and Nigella sativa on Cell Proliferation and differentation During Sequential Oral Carcinogenesis P23-8. Laser Surgery & Diagnosis of Neoplasm pp:269 (Abstract)
  • Loh, D.S.Y., Er, H.M., Chen, Y.S., 2009. Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 126(3): 406-414.
  • Beric, T., Nikolic, P., Stanojevic, J., Vukovic-Gacic, V., Knezevic-Vukcevic, J., 2008. Protective effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 724-732.
  • Martino, L.D., Feo, V.D., Nazzaro, F., 2009. Chemical composition and in Vitro antimicrobial mutagenic activities of seven Lamiaceae essential oils. Molecules 14(10): 4213-4230.
  • Adıgüzel, A., Güllüce, M., Şengül, M., Öğütçü, H., Şahin, F., Karaman, I., 2005. Antimicrobial Effects of Ocimum basilicum (Labiatae) Extract. Turk. J. Biol. 29: 155-160.
  • Bağdat, R.B., Coşge, B., 2006. The Essential Oil of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.), Its components and Using Fields. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21(1): 116- 121.
  • Lazutka, J.R., Mierauskiene, J., Slapsyte, G., Dedonyte, V., 2001. Genotoxicity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), peppermint (MenthaXpiperita L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) essential oils in human lymphocytes and Drosophila melanogaster. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39(5): 485-492.
  • Franzios, G., Mirotsou, M., Hatziapostolou, E., Kral, J., Scouras, Z. G., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P.,1997. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of Mint essential oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(7): 2690- 2694.
  • Stammati, A., Bonsi, P., Zucco, F., Moezelaar, R., Alakomi, H.L., Von Wright, A., 1999. Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37(8): 813- 823.
  • Özbek, T., 2006. Doğu Anadolu tıbbi bitkilerine ait bazı türlerin Ames/Salmonella Mikrozom testi kullanılarak antimutajenik özelliklerinin saptanması. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Vukovic-Gacic, B., Nikcevic, Z., Beric-Bjedov, T., Knezevic-Vukcevic, Antimutagenic effect of essential oil of sage Salvia officinalis L. and its monoterpenes against UV- induced mutations in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44(10): 1730-1738. D., 2006.
  • Gomes-Carneiro, M.R., Dias, D.M.M., De-Oliveira A.C.A.X., Paumgartten. F.J.R., 2005. Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of α- Bisabolol in the Salmonella/Microsome Assay. Mutation Environmental Mutagenesis 585(1-2): 105-112.
  • Bakkali, F, Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Zhiri, A., Baudoux, D., Idaomar, M., 2006. Antigenotoxic effects of three essential oils in diploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) after treatments with UVC radiation, 8-MOP plus UVA and MMS). Mutation Environmental Mutagenesis 606(1-2): 27-38.
  • Jayaprakasha, G.K., Jena, B.S., Negi, P.S., Sakariah, K.K., 2002. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and antimutagenicity of Turmeric oil: A byproduct from Curcumin production. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung 57: 828-835.
  • Sghaier, M.B., Boubaker, J., Neffati, A., Limem, I., Skandrani, I., Bhouri, W., Bouhlel, I., Kilani, S., Chekir-Ghedira, Antimutagenic and antioxidant potentials of Teucrium ramosissimum essential oil. Chemistry Biodiversity 7(7):1754-1764. K., 2010.
  • Evandri, M.G., Battinelli, L., Daniele, C., Mastrangelo, S., Bolle, P., Mazzanti, G., 2005. The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43(9): 1381-1387.
  • Hayder, N., Abdelwahed, A., Kilani, S., Ben-Ammar, R., Mahmoud, A., Ghedira, K., Chekir-Ghedira, L., 2004. Anti-genotoxic and free-radical scavenging activities of extracts from (Tunisian) Myrtus communis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 564(1): 89-95. [100]
  • İpek, E., Zeytinoğlu, H., Okay, S., Tüylü, B.A., Kürkçüoğlu, M., Başer, K.H.C., 2005. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Origanum oil and carvacrol evaluated by Ames Salmonella/microsomal test. Food Chem. 93(3): 551-556. [101]
  • Amin, A., Alkaabi,, A., Al-Falasi, S., Daoud, S. A., 2005. Chemopreventive activities of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer. Cell Biol. International 29(8): 687-694.

Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri

Year 2014, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 45 - 53, 01.09.2014

Abstract

Uçucu ve eteri yağlar olarak da adlandırılan esansiyel yağlar, bitkisel materyalden elde edilen kokulu yağımsı sıvılardır. Bu doğal ürünler Ortaçağdan beri bakterisidal, virusidal, fungusidal, antiparazitik, insektisidal, tıbbi ve kozmetik amaçlı olarak geniş oranda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda sentetik katkı maddelerinin potansiyel tehlikeleri nedeniyle tüketicilerin doğal bileşenlere olan artan talebi doğrultusunda bu yağların gıda, meşrubat, ilaç, sanitasyon, parfümeri, kozmetik ve tarım sektörlerinde kullanımı artmış bulunmaktadır. Bundan dolayı doğal katkı maddelerinin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, esansiyel yağların antibakteriyel, antifungal, antiviral, antioksidatif ve antimutajenik aktiviteleriyle ilgili son yıllarda yapılan araştırma sonuçları derlenmiştir

References

  • Çelik, E., Çelik, G.Y., 2007. Bitki uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 5(2): 1-6. Orlab On-Line
  • Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils- A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 446- 475.
  • Sevinç, A., Merdun, B., 1995. Türkiye’de yetişen uçucu yağ içeren bitkiler ve kullanım alanları. Bitirme Ödevi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Grassmann, J., Elstner, E.F., 2003. Essential oils/properties and uses. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (Elsevier Science Ltd.): 2177-2184 p.
  • Lawrence, R., Lawrence, K., 2011. Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(1): 51-54.
  • Wallace, R.J., 2004. Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society 63(4): 621-629.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88(2): 308-316.
  • Cowan, M.M., 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews12(4): 564- 582.
  • Özgüven, M., Kırıcı, S., 1999. Farklı ekolojilerde Nane (Mentha) türlerinin verim ile uçucu yağ oran ve bileşenlerin araştırılması. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Foresty 23: 465-472.
  • Baydar, H., 2005. Yayla kekiği (Origanum minutiflorum O. Scwarz et. P.H. Davis)’nde farklı toplama zamanlarının uçucu yağ içeriği ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 18(2): 175-178.
  • Couladis, M., Özcan, M., Tzakou, O., Akgül, A., 2002. Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) ağacının değişik organlarında uçucu yağ bileşimi. 14. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, 29-31 Mayıs, Eskişehir, Bildiriler kitabı, s:240-245. ISBN 975- 94077-2-8.
  • Masotti, V., Juteau, F., Bessiere, J.M., Viano, J., 2003. Seasonal and phenological variations of the essential oil from the narrow endemic species Artemisia molinieri and its biological activities. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51(24): 7115–7121.
  • Angioni, A., Barra, A., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S., Cabras, P., 2006. Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(12): 4364–4370.
  • Kılıç, A., 2008. Uçucu yağ elde etme yöntemleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 10(13):37-45.
  • Sankarikutty, B., Narayanan, C.S., 1993. Essential Oils/Isolation and production.Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Nutrition, Academic Press, pp.2185-2189.
  • Wang,L., Weller, C.L., 2006. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends in Food Science and Technology 17(6): 300–312.
  • Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M. H. A., Ghafoor, K., Norulaini, N. A. N., Omar, A. K. M., 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering 117(4): 426-436.
  • Silva, J., Abebe, W., Sousa, S.M., Duarte, V.G., Machado, M.I.L., Matos, F.J.A., 2003. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89(2-3): 277–283.
  • Hajhashemi, V., Ghannadi, A., Sharif, B., 2003. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89(1): 67–71.
  • Perry, N.S., Bollen, C., Perry, E.K., Ballard, C., 2003. Salvia for dementia therapy: Review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.75(3): 651–659.
  • Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223-253.
  • Boyle, W., 1955. Spices and essential oils as preservatives. The American Perfumer and Essential Oil Review 66: 25-28.
  • Bishop, C.D., 1995. Antiviral activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel (tea tree) against tobacco mosaic virus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(6): 641- 644.
  • Azzouz, M.A., Bullerman, L.B., 1982. Comparative antimycotic effects of selected herbs, spices, plant components and commercial antifungal agents. Journal of Food Protection 45(14): 1298-1301.
  • Akgül, A., Kıvanç¸, M., 1988. Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi. International Journal of Food Microbiology 6(3): 263-268.
  • Jayashree, T., Subramanyam, C., 1999. Antiaflatoxigenic activity of eugenol is due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Letters in Applied Microbiology 28(3): 179-183.
  • Pandey, R., Kalra, A., Tandon, S., Mehrotra, N., Singh, H.N., Kumar, S., 2000. Essential oil compounds as potent source of nematicidal compounds. Journal of Phytopathology 148(7-8): 501-502.
  • Pessoa, L.M., Morais, S.M., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Luciano, J.H.S., 2002. Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. and eugenol against Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology 109(1-2): 59-63.
  • Akgül, A., Kıvanç¸, M., Sert, S., 1991. Effect of carvacrol on growth and toxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Sciences des Aliments 11(2): 361-370.
  • Ultee, A., Smid, E.J., 2001. Influence of carvacrol on growth and toxin production by Bacillus cereus. International Journal of Food Microbiology 64(3): 373-378.
  • Juglal, S., Govinden, R., Odhav, B., 2002. Spice oils for the control of co-occurring mycotoxin- producing fungi. Journal of Food Protection 65(4): 683-687.
  • Konstantopoulou, I., Vassilopoulou, L., Mavragani- Tsipidou, P., Scouras, Z.G., 1992. Insecticidal effects of essential oils. A study of the effects of essential oils extracted from eleven Greek aromatic plants on Drosophila auraria. Experientia 48(6): 616-619.
  • Karpouhtsis, I., Pardali, E., Feggou, E., Kokkini, S., Scouras, Z.G., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P., 1998. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of oregano essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(3): 1111-1115.
  • Essawi, T., Srour, M., 2000. Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 70(3): 343- 349.
  • Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Ruberto, G., 1998(a). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 13(4): 235-244.
  • Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Biondi, D.M., Ruberto, G., 1998(b). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research 10(6): 618- 627.
  • Deans, S.G., 1991. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of essential oil (volatile) oils. In H. F. Linskens & J. F. Jackson (Eds.), Essential oils and waxes: Vol. 12. Modern methods of plant analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 309-320.
  • Halendar, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandhom, T., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., Gorris, L.G. M., von Wright, A., 1998. Characterisation of the action of selected essential oil components on gram negative bacteria. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(9): 3590–3595.
  • Çabuk, M., Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M., İmre, N., 2003. Aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen esansiyel yağların antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve alternatif yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanım imkanı. s: 184-187. II. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, Konya.
  • Kamel, C., 2000. A novel look at a classic approach of plant extracts. Feed Mix Special, 19–21.
  • Şengezer E., Güngör T., 2008. Esansiyel yağların hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri. Lalahan Hayvan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 48(2): 101-110.
  • Toroğlu, S., Çenet, M., 2006. Tedavi amaçlı kullanılan bazı bitkilerin kullanım alanları ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi için kullanılan metodlar. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 9(2): 12-20.
  • Farag, R.S., Daw, Z.Y., Abo-Raya, S.H., 1989. Influence of some spice essential oils on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and production of aflatoxins in a synthetic medium. J. Food Sci. 54(1): 74-76.
  • Nostro, A., Germano, M.P., D’angelo, V., Marino, A., Cannatelli, M.A., 2000. Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 30(5): 79-84.
  • Sartoratto, A., Machado, A.L.M., Delarmelina, C., Figueria, G.M., Duarte, M.C.T., Rehder, V.L.G., 2004. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 35(4): 275-280.
  • El-Shazly, A., Dorai, G., Wink, M., 2002. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Hexane-Ether Extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (dc.) Feinbr. and Fertig. Z Naturforsch 57(7-8): 620-623.
  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Salvia lanigera. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6(2): 133-135.
  • Lambert, R.J.W., Skandamis, P.N., Coote, P., Nychas, G.J.E, 2001. A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91(3): 453-462.
  • Lee, H.S., Ahn, Y.J.,1998. Growth-inhibiting effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials on human intestinal bacteria. J. Agri. Food Chem. 46(1): 8-12.
  • İlçim, A., Dığrak, M., Bağcı, E., 1998. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının araştırılması. Tr. J. Biology 22: 119-125. etkilerinin
  • Mitsch, P., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Köhler, B., Gabler, C., Losa, R., Zimpernik, I., 2004. The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfiringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 83(4): 669-675.
  • Evans, J.W., Plunkett, M.S., Banfield, M.J., 2001. Effect of an essential oil blend on coccidiosis in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 80(1): 258.
  • Allen, P.C., Lydon, J., Danforth, H.D., 1997. Effects of components of Artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. Poultry Sci. 76(8): 1156
  • Pinto, E., Salgueiro, L.R., Cavaleiro, C., Palmeira, A., Gonzalves, M.J., 2007. In vitro susceptibility of some species of yeasts and filamentous fungi to essential oils of Salvia officinalis. Ind. Crop. Prod. 26(2): 135-141.
  • Guynot, M.E., Ramos, A.J., Seto, L., Purroy, P., Sanchis, V., Marin, S., 2003. Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery products. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94(5): 893–899.
  • Wang, R., Wang, R., Yang, B., 2009. Extraction of essential oils from five cinnamon leaves and identification compositions. Innovative Food Sci. and Emerging Tech. 10(2): 289–292. volatile compound
  • Rasooli, I., Rezaei, M.B., Alameh, A., 2006. Growth inhibition Aspergillus niger by essential oils from Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus x-porlock. Food Control 17(5): 359-364. of
  • Tzortzakis, N.K., Economakis, C.D., 2007. Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus L.) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. EmergingTech. 8(2): 253–258. Food Sci. and
  • Şahin, F, Güllüce, M., Daferera, D., Sökmen, A., Sökmen, M., Polissiou, M., Ağar, G., Özer, H., 2004. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control 15(7): 549–557.
  • Nguefack, J., Dongmo, J.B.L., Dakole, C.D., Leth, V., Vismer, H.F., Pedersen, J.G.T., Guemdjom, E.F.N., Mbeffo, M., Tamgue, O., Fotio, D., Zollo, P.H., Nkengfack, A.E., 2009. Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. Int. J. Food Microbiol.131(2-3): 151–156.
  • Vazquez, B.I., Fente, C., Franco, C.M., Vazquez, M.J., Cepeda, A., 2001. Inhibitory effects of eugenol and thymol on Penicillium citrinum strains in culture media and cheese. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 67(1-2): 157–163.
  • Wendorff, W.L., Riha, W.R., Muehlenkamp, E., 1993. Growth of molds on cheese treated with heat or liquid smoke. J. Food Protect. 56(11): 963-966.
  • Wendorff, W.L., Wee, C., 1997. Effect of smoke and spice oils on growth of molds on oil-coated cheeses. J. Food Protect. 60(2): 153-156.
  • Lopez-Malo, A., Barreto-Valdivieso, J., Palou, E., San Martin, F., 2007. Aspergillus flavus growth response to cinnamon extract and sodium benzoate mixtures. Food Control 18(11): 1358-1362.
  • Gandomi, H., Misaghi, A., Basti, A. A., Bokaei, S., Khosravi, A., Abbasifar, A., Javan, A.J., 2009. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on growth and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus in culture media and cheese. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47(10): 2397–2400.
  • Rasooli, I., Fakoor, M.H., Yadegarinia, D., Gachkar, L., Antimycotoxigenic characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis and Trachyspermum copticum L. essential oils. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 122(1-2): 135– 139. Rezaei, M.B., 2008.
  • Kumar, R., Mishra, A.K., Dubey, N.K., Tripathi, Evaluation Y.B., ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115(2): 159–164. Chenopodium
  • Klaric, M.S., Kosalec, J., Mastelic, J., Pieckova, E., Pepeljnak, S., 2007. Antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and thymol against moulds from damp dwellings. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 44(1): 36-42.
  • Schelz, Z., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J., 2006. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia 77(4): 279-285.
  • Bammi, J., Khelifa, R., Remmal, A., 1997. Etudes de l’activité antivirale de quelques huiles essentielles. In Proceedings of the Intern. Congr. Arom. Medicinal Plants & Essential Oils, Benjilali, B., Ettalibi, M., Ismaili-Alaoui, M., Zrira, S. (eds). Actes Editions, Rabat, Morocco, p.502.
  • Turan, F., Gürağaç, R., Sayın, S., 2012. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde esansiyel yağlar. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi 5(1): 35-40.
  • Karpinska, M., Borowski, J., Danowska-Oziewicz, M., 2001. The use of natural antioxidants in ready- to-serve food. Food Chemistry 72(1): 5–9.
  • Ames, B.M., 1983. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens: Oxygen radical and degenerative diseases. Science 221(4617): 1256–1263.
  • Cuvelier, M., Richard, H., Berset, C., 1996. Antioxidative Activity and Phenolic Composition Of Pilot-Plant and Commercial Extracts of Sage And Rosemary. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 73(5): 645-652.
  • Vekiari, S.A.,, Oreopoulou, V., Tzia, C., Thomopoulos, C.D., 1993. Oregano flavonoids as lipid antioxidants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 70(5): 483-487.
  • Farag, R.S., Badei, A.Z.M.A., Hewedi, F.M., El- Baroty, G.S.A., 1989. Antioxidant activity of some spices essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation in aqueous media. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 66(6): 792-799.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Noble, R.C., Surai, P., 1995. Evaluation in vitro of plant essential oils as natural antioxidants. Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(6): 645–651.
  • Youdim, K.A., Deans, S.G., 2000. Effect of thyme oil and thymol dietary supplementation on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of the ageing rat brain. Br. J. Nutr. 83(1): 87-93.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D.J., Spais, A.B., 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br. Poult. Sci. 43(2): 223-230.
  • Simitzis, P.E., Deligeorgis, S.G., Bizelis, J.A., Dardamani, A., Theodosiou, I., Fegeros, K., 2008. Effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. Meat Sci. 79(2): 217
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Nikolakakis, I., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., 2005. Hen Performance and Egg Quality as Affected by Dietary Oregano Essential Oil and - tocopheryl Acetate Supplementation. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4(7): 449-454.
  • İlhan, A., Gürel, A., Armutçu, F., Kamışlı, S., İraz, M., 2005. Antiepileptogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Nigella sativa oil against Pentylenetetrazol- induced Kindling in Mice. Neuropharmacology 49(4): 456-464.
  • Attia-Zouair, M. G., Nagatsuka, H., Mostafa, K. A., Nagai, N., 2005. Effect of Vitamin E and Nigella sativa on Cell Proliferation and differentation During Sequential Oral Carcinogenesis P23-8. Laser Surgery & Diagnosis of Neoplasm pp:269 (Abstract)
  • Loh, D.S.Y., Er, H.M., Chen, Y.S., 2009. Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 126(3): 406-414.
  • Beric, T., Nikolic, P., Stanojevic, J., Vukovic-Gacic, V., Knezevic-Vukcevic, J., 2008. Protective effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 724-732.
  • Martino, L.D., Feo, V.D., Nazzaro, F., 2009. Chemical composition and in Vitro antimicrobial mutagenic activities of seven Lamiaceae essential oils. Molecules 14(10): 4213-4230.
  • Adıgüzel, A., Güllüce, M., Şengül, M., Öğütçü, H., Şahin, F., Karaman, I., 2005. Antimicrobial Effects of Ocimum basilicum (Labiatae) Extract. Turk. J. Biol. 29: 155-160.
  • Bağdat, R.B., Coşge, B., 2006. The Essential Oil of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.), Its components and Using Fields. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21(1): 116- 121.
  • Lazutka, J.R., Mierauskiene, J., Slapsyte, G., Dedonyte, V., 2001. Genotoxicity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), peppermint (MenthaXpiperita L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) essential oils in human lymphocytes and Drosophila melanogaster. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39(5): 485-492.
  • Franzios, G., Mirotsou, M., Hatziapostolou, E., Kral, J., Scouras, Z. G., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P.,1997. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of Mint essential oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(7): 2690- 2694.
  • Stammati, A., Bonsi, P., Zucco, F., Moezelaar, R., Alakomi, H.L., Von Wright, A., 1999. Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37(8): 813- 823.
  • Özbek, T., 2006. Doğu Anadolu tıbbi bitkilerine ait bazı türlerin Ames/Salmonella Mikrozom testi kullanılarak antimutajenik özelliklerinin saptanması. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Vukovic-Gacic, B., Nikcevic, Z., Beric-Bjedov, T., Knezevic-Vukcevic, Antimutagenic effect of essential oil of sage Salvia officinalis L. and its monoterpenes against UV- induced mutations in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44(10): 1730-1738. D., 2006.
  • Gomes-Carneiro, M.R., Dias, D.M.M., De-Oliveira A.C.A.X., Paumgartten. F.J.R., 2005. Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of α- Bisabolol in the Salmonella/Microsome Assay. Mutation Environmental Mutagenesis 585(1-2): 105-112.
  • Bakkali, F, Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Zhiri, A., Baudoux, D., Idaomar, M., 2006. Antigenotoxic effects of three essential oils in diploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) after treatments with UVC radiation, 8-MOP plus UVA and MMS). Mutation Environmental Mutagenesis 606(1-2): 27-38.
  • Jayaprakasha, G.K., Jena, B.S., Negi, P.S., Sakariah, K.K., 2002. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and antimutagenicity of Turmeric oil: A byproduct from Curcumin production. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung 57: 828-835.
  • Sghaier, M.B., Boubaker, J., Neffati, A., Limem, I., Skandrani, I., Bhouri, W., Bouhlel, I., Kilani, S., Chekir-Ghedira, Antimutagenic and antioxidant potentials of Teucrium ramosissimum essential oil. Chemistry Biodiversity 7(7):1754-1764. K., 2010.
  • Evandri, M.G., Battinelli, L., Daniele, C., Mastrangelo, S., Bolle, P., Mazzanti, G., 2005. The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43(9): 1381-1387.
  • Hayder, N., Abdelwahed, A., Kilani, S., Ben-Ammar, R., Mahmoud, A., Ghedira, K., Chekir-Ghedira, L., 2004. Anti-genotoxic and free-radical scavenging activities of extracts from (Tunisian) Myrtus communis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 564(1): 89-95. [100]
  • İpek, E., Zeytinoğlu, H., Okay, S., Tüylü, B.A., Kürkçüoğlu, M., Başer, K.H.C., 2005. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Origanum oil and carvacrol evaluated by Ames Salmonella/microsomal test. Food Chem. 93(3): 551-556. [101]
  • Amin, A., Alkaabi,, A., Al-Falasi, S., Daoud, S. A., 2005. Chemopreventive activities of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer. Cell Biol. International 29(8): 687-694.
There are 101 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Mehmet Bayaz This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bayaz, M. (2014). Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 45-53.
AMA Bayaz M. Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda. September 2014;12(3):45-53.
Chicago Bayaz, Mehmet. “Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri”. Akademik Gıda 12, no. 3 (September 2014): 45-53.
EndNote Bayaz M (September 1, 2014) Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda 12 3 45–53.
IEEE M. Bayaz, “Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45–53, 2014.
ISNAD Bayaz, Mehmet. “Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri”. Akademik Gıda 12/3 (September 2014), 45-53.
JAMA Bayaz M. Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda. 2014;12:45–53.
MLA Bayaz, Mehmet. “Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 12, no. 3, 2014, pp. 45-53.
Vancouver Bayaz M. Esansiyel Yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antimutajenik Aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda. 2014;12(3):45-53.

25964   25965    25966      25968   25967


88x31.png

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

Akademik Gıda (Academic Food Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).