IRRADIATION APPLICATIONS on NUTS

Year 2012, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 104 - 109, 01.09.2012

Saim Zeki Bostan Saadet Koç Güler

Abstract

The first applications in food irradiation using X-rays were performed in 1921. The purposes of the applications are the prevention, reduction or elimination of both microorganisms causing food spoilage and biochemical changes, prolong shelf life of foods or control of ripening period in foods. The first legal regulations related to food irradiation began after 1983. In Turkey, “Food Irradiation Regulation” was enforced in 1999. As an alternative to chemical applications, irradiation has been used for many products. In this study, irradiation applications on nuts have been reviewed

Keywords

Irradiation, Nuts, Self life

Sert Kabuklu Meyvelerde Işın Uygulamaları

Abstract

Gıdalardaki ilk ışınlama uygulamaları 1921 yılında X ışınları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların yapılmasındaki amaç gıdalarda bozulmaya sebep olan mikroorganizmalar ve biyokimyasal olayların miktar ve faaliyetlerinin engellenmesi, azaltılması, yok edilmesi, gıdaların raf ömürlerinin uzatılması veya olgunlaşma süresinin kontrol edilmesidir. Gıda ışınlaması ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeler 1983’den sonra başlamıştır. Ülkemizde “Gıda Işınlama Yönetmeliği” 1999 tarihinde yayımlanmıştır. Kimyasal uygulamalara alternatif olarak kullanılabilecek olan ışınlama ile ilgili birçok üründe çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada sert kabuklu ürünlerde yapılan ışınlama uygulamaları incelenmiştir

Keywords

Işınlama, Sert kabuklu meyveler, Raf ömrü

References

• Anonymous, 1985. General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods.
• Anonim, 1999. Gıda Işınlama Yönetmeliği, Ankara.
• Anonymous, 1999. Facts about irradiation, A Series of Fact Sheets From The International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation.
• Anonymous, 2010. Report From The Commission To The European Parliament and the Council on Food and Food Ingredients Treated with Lonising Radiation for The Year 2010.
• Anonymous, 2010. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/ default.aspx#ancor. Erişim Tarihi: Mart 2012.
• Al-Bachir, M., 2004. Effect of gamma Irradiation on fungal load, chemical and sensory characteristics of walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Journal of Stored Products Research 40: 355-362.
• Azelmat, K., Sayah, F., Mouhib, M., Ghailani, N., ElGarrauj., 2005. Effects of gamma irradiation on fourth-instar (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 41: 423-431. (Hübner)
• Barreira, J.C.M., Antonio, A.L., Günaydi, T., Alkan, H., Bento, A., Botelho, M.L., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., 2012. Chemometric characterization of gamma irradiated chestnut from Turkey. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 81(9): 1520-1524.
• Basaran, P., Akhan, Ü., 2010. Microwave irradiation of hazelnuts for the control of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus parasiticus. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 11: 113-117.
• Bingöl, G., Yang, J., Brandl, M.T., Pan, Z, Wang, H., McHugh, T.H., 2011. Infrared pasteurization of raw almonds. Journal of Food Engineering 104: 387-393.
• Ehlerman, D.A.E., 2009. The RADURA-terminology and food irradiation, Food Control 20: 526-528.
• Fernandes, A., Barreira, J.C.M., Antonio, A.L., Bento, A., Botelho, M.L., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., 2011. Assessing the effects of gamma irradiation and storage time in energetic value and in major individual nutrients of chestnuts. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49: 2429-2432.
• Gao, M., Tang, J., Wang, Y., Powers, J., Wang, S., 2010. Almond quality as influenced by radio frequency heat treatments for disinfestation. Postharvest Biology and Technology 58: 225-231.
• Gecgel, U., Gumus, T., Tasan, M., Daglioglu, O., Arici, M., 2011. Determination of fatty acid composition of gamma irradiated hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and pistachios. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80: 578-581.
• ICGF, 1998. Irradiation and Trade in Food and Agricultural Products, International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation.
• Jan, M., D. L. Langerak, T. G. Wolters, J. Farkas, H. J. Kamp, B. G. Muuse. 1988. The effect of packaging and storage conditions on the keeping quality of walnuts treated with disinfestation doses of gamma rays. Acta Alimentaria. 17: 13-31.
• Jeong, S., Marks, B.P., Ryser, E.T., Harte, J.B., 2012. The effect of X-ray irradiation on Salmonella inactivation and sensory quality of almonds and walnuts as a function of water activity. International Journal of Food Microbiology 153: 365-371.
• Kashani, G.G. and Valadon, L.R.G., 1984. Effect of gamma irradiation on the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins of Iranian pistachio kernels. Journal of Food Technology 19: 631-638.
• Kume, T., Furuta, M., Todoriki, S., Uenoyama, N., Kobayashi, Y., 2009. Status of food irradiation in the world. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78: 222-228.
• Mexis, S.F., Kontominas, M.G., 2009. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.). LWT-Food Science and Technology 42: 1501-1507.
• Mexis, S.F., Kontominas, M.G. 2009. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physiochemical and sensory properties of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.), Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78: 407-403.
• Mexis, S.F., Badeka, A.V., Chouliara, E., Riganakos, K.A., Kontominas, M.G., 2009. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physiochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis), Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10: 87-92.
• Mitcham, E.J., Veltman, R.H., Feng, X., De Castro, E., Johnson, J.A., Simpson, T.L., Biasi, W.V., Wang, S., Tang, J., 2004. Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in in-shell walnuts, Postharvest Biology and Technology 33: 93-100.
• Narviaz, P., Lescano, G. And Kairiyama, E., 1992. Irradiation of almonds and cashew nuts. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie 25(3): 232-235.
• Ozyardimci, B., Cetinkaya, N., Denli, E., Ic, E., Alabay, M., 2006. Inhibition of egg and larval development of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and almond moth Ephestia cautella decorticated hazelnuts. Journal of Stored Products Research 42:183-196.
• Prakash, A., Lim, F.T., Duong, C, Caporaso, F, Foley, D., 2010. The effects of ionizing irradiation on Salmonella inoculated on almonds and changes in sensory properties. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 79: 502-506.
• Sajilata, M.G., Singhal, R.S., 2006. Effect of irradiation and storage on the antioxidative activity of cashew nuts. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 75: 297-300.
• Sanchez-Bel, P., Egea, I., Romojaro, F., Martinez- Madrid, M.C., 2008, Sensorial and chemical quality of electron beam irradiated almonds (Prunus amygdalus). LWT 41: 442-449.
• Sattar, A., Jan, M., Ahmad, A., Wahid, M., Khan, I., 1989. Irradiation disinfestation and biochemical quality of dry nuts. Acta Alimentaria 18(1): 45-52.
• Sattar, A., Jan, M., Ahmad, A., Wahid, M., Khan, I., 1991. Packaging and storage effects on the quality of plant nuts. Acta Alimentaria 20(2): 123-30.
• Scott Smith, J., Pillai, S., 2004. Irradiation and food safety. Food Technology 58(11): 48-55.
• Thomas, P., 1998. Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin, Part VI. Mushrooms, tomatoes, minor fruits and vegetables, dried fruits and nuts. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 26(4): 313-58.
• Wang, S., Monzon, M., Johnson, J.A., Mitcham, E.J., Tang, J., 2007. Industrial-scale radio frequency treatments for insect control in walnuts II: Insect mortality and product quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology 45: 247-253.
• Wilson-Kakashita, G., Gerdes, D.L., Hall, W.R., 1995. Effect of gamma irradiation on the quality of english walnut (Juglans regia), LWT-Food Science end Technology, p:17-20 (Özet).
• Wilkinson, V.M., Gould, G., 1998. Food Irradiation a Reference Guid, Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science and Technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England, 113p. [36] Zehnder, H.J., Hartmann, verbesserung des hygienichen Zustandes von grunen Strahlen. Alimenta 21(2): 31-4. A. 1982. Die
• Pistaziensplittern mit ionisierenden