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Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides in Relation to Food Safety

Year 2012, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 89 - 95, 01.06.2012

Abstract

Recently, concerns on the potential hazards of endocrine disrupting chemicals on human health have been steadily growing. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may interfere with the endocrine system and have a wide range of damaging effects on the developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune systems. A wide range of substances are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals, dioxin and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and plasticizers such as phthalates and bisphenol A. These substances may even cause health problems at very low doses. In this present study, endocrine system disrupting pesticides were reviewed

References

  • Delen, N., Durmuşoğlu, E., Güncan, A., Güngör, N., Turgut, C., Burçak, A., 2005. Türkiye’ de pestisit kullanımı, kalıntı ve organizmalarda duyarlılık azalışı sorunları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisligi VI. Teknik Kongresi, Ankara, s629-648.
  • Sannino, A., Bolzoni, L., Bandini, M., 2004. Application electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of a new generation of pesticides in processed fruits and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography A 1036: 161–169. with
  • Yüce, T.Y., 2006. Gıdalarda Organoklorlu ve Organofosforlu Pestisitlerin Miktar Tayini Metot Validasyonu.Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 71s.
  • Kaushik, G., Satya, S., Naik, S.N., 2009. Food processing a tool to pesticide residue dissipation – A review. Food Research International 42: 26–40. [5] Niessen, W.M.A., 2010. Group-specific
  • fragmentation of pesticides and related compounds in liquid
  • chromatography–tandem 4061–4070.
  • Padavoni, L., Trevisan, M., Capri, E. 2004. A calculation environmental risk of pesticides at the farm level. Ecological Indicators 4:111–123. potential
  • Atreya, K., 2008. Health costs from short-term exposure to pesticides in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine 67: 511–519.
  • Anonim, 2009a. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. kodeks/2009-62.html.
  • Stoelting, P.M., Pfeil, R., Solecki, R., Ulbrich, B., Grote, K., Ritz, V., Banasiak, U., Hirsch, B.H.,Moeller, T., 2011. Assessment strategies and decision criteria for pesticides with endocrine disrupting Reproductive Toxicology 31 (4): 574-84. relevant to humans.
  • Flynn, K., 2011. Dietary exposure to endocrine- active pesticides: Conflicting opinions in a European Workshop. Environment International 37: 980–990.
  • Witorsch, R.J., 2002. Endocrine disruptors: Can biological effects and environmental risks be predicted. Pharmacology 36, 118–130. Toxicology and
  • Mckinlay, R., Plant, J.A., Bell, J. N. B., Voulvoulis, N., 2008. Endocrine disrupting pesticides: Implications for risk assessment. Environment International 34: 168–183.
  • Mckinlay, R., Plant, J.A., Bell, J.N.B., Voulvoulis, N., 2008. Calculating human exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides via agricultural and non- agricultural exposure routes. Science of the Total Environment 398: 1– 12.
  • Schug, T.T., Janesick, A., Blumberg, B., Heindel, J.J., 2011. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 127: 204– 215.
  • Nollet, L. 2011. Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Journal of Steroid Chemicals, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 471p. USA.
  • Helaleh, M.I.H., Takabayashi, Y., Fujii, S., Korenaga, T., 2001. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for separation and detection of endocrine disruptors from environmental water samples. Analytica Chimica Acta 428: 227–234.
  • Fossi, M. C., Casini, S., Ancora, S., Moscatelli, A., Ausili, A., Sciara, G.N., 2001. Do endocrine disrupting chemicals threaten Mediterranean swordfish? Preliminary results of vitellogenin and Zona radiata proteins in Xiphias gladius. Marine Environmental Research52: 477–483.
  • Colosio, C., Tiramani, M., Maroni, M., 2003. Neurobehavioral effects of pesticides: state of the art. NeuroToxicology 24: 577–591.
  • Eertmans, F., Dhooge, W., Stuyvaert, S., Comhaire, F., 2003. Endocrine disruptors: effects on male fertility and screening tools for their assessment. Toxicology in Vitro 17: 515–524.
  • Colborn, T., 2004. Neuro development and endocrine Perspectives 112(9): 944–949. Environmental Health
  • Waring, R. H., Harris, R.M., 2005. Endocrine disrupters: A human risk? Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 244: 2–9.
  • Uzumcu, M., Suzuki, H., Skinner, M.K., 2004. Effect of the anti-androgenic endocrine disruptor vinclozolin on embryonic testis cord formation and postnatal testis development and function. Reproductive Toxicology 18: 765–774.
  • Hayes, T. B., Case, P., Chui, S., Chung, D., Haeffele, C., Haston, K., Lee, M., Mai, V. P., Marjuoa, Y., Parker, J., Tsui, M., 2006. Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: are we underestimating the impact? Environmental Health Perspectives114 (1): 40–50.
  • Guillette L.J. 2006. Endocrine disrupting contaminants—beyond the dogma. Environmental Health Perspective114 (1): 9–12.
  • Belloni, V., Fulgheri, F.D., Zaccaroni, M., Consigiıo, E., Angelis, G., Testai, E., Santochirico, M., Alleva, E., Santucci, D., 2011. Early exposure to low doses of atrazine affects behavior in juvenile and adult CD1 mice. Toxicology 279: 19–26.
  • Damgaard, I.N., Skakkebaek, N.E., Toppari, J., Viranen, H.E., Shen, H., Schramm, K.W., Petersen, J.H., Jensen, T.K., Main, K.M., 2006. Persistent pesticides in human breast milk and cryptorchidism. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(7): 1133– 1138.
  • Çok, I., Mazmancı, B., Mazmancı, M.A., Turgut, C., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K.W., 2012. Analysis of human milk to assess exposure to PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine Mediterranean city Mersin, Turkey. Environment International 40: 63–69. in the vicinity
  • Sanderson, J.T., Seinen, W., Giesy, J.P., Berg, M., 2000. 2-Chloro-s-triazine herbicides induce aromatase (CYP19) activity in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells: a novel mechanism for 54(1):121–7. Sciences
  • Cocco, P., 2002. On the rumors about the silent spring. Review of the scientific evidence linking occupational and environmental pesticide exposure to endocrine disruption health effects. Cadernos de Saşde Pşblica 18(2): 379–402.
  • Mou, R.X., Chen, M., Cao, Z.Y., Zhu, Z.W., 2011. Simultaneous determination of triazine herbicides in rice by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 706: 149– 156.
  • Stoker T.E., Kavlock R.J., 2010. Pesticides as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition) p.551-56.
  • Gupta, C., 2000. Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 224(2): 61– 68.
  • Witorsch, R.J., 2002. Low-dose in utero effects of xenoestrogens in mice and their relevance to humans: an analytical review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40: 905–912.
  • Takayanagi, S., Tokunaga, T., Liu, X., Okada, H., Matsushima, A., Shimohigashi, Y., 2006. Endocrine disruptor bisphenol A strongly binds to human estrogen-related receptor (ERR) with high constitutive activity. Toxicology Letters 167: 95– 105.
  • Martinez, R.C., Rodriguez-Gonzalo, E., Revilla- Ruiz, P., 2006. Determination of endocrine- disrupting compounds in cereals by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry study of background contamination. Journal of Chromatography A 1137: 207–215.
  • Barrek, S., Cren-Olivé, C., Wiest, L., Baudot, R., Arnaudguilhem, C. And Grenier-Loustalot, M.F., 2009. Multi-residue analysis and ultra-trace quantification of 36 priority substances from the European Water Framework Directive by GC–MS and LC-FLD-MS/MS in surface waters. Talanta 79: 712–722.
  • Hogenboom, A.C., Leerdam, J.A., Voogt, P., 2009. Accurate mass screening and identification of emerging contaminants in environmental samples by liquid chromatography-hybrid linear ion trap Orbitrap Chromatography A 1216: 510-519. Journal of
  • Huskova, R., Matisova, E., Svorca, L., Mocaka, J., Kirchner, M., 2009. Comparison of negative chemical ionization and electron impact ionization in gas endocrine disrupting pesticides. Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 4927–4932. of
  • Barriada-Pereira, M., Serôdio, P., González-Castro, M.J., Nogueira, J.M.F., 2010. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in vegetable matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid desorption and large volume injection-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry towards compliance with European Union directives. Journal of Chromatography A1217 (1): 119–126.
  • Malik, A.S., Blasco, C., Pico, Y., 2010. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food safety. Journal of Chromatography A 1217(25): 4010-4040.
  • Petrovic, M., Farré, M., Lopez De Alda, M., Perez, S., Postigo, C., Kock, M., Radjenovic, J., Gros, M., Barcelo, D., 2010. Recent trends in the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of organic contaminants in environmental samples. Journal of Chromatography A1217 (25): 4004– 4017.
  • Lafleur, A.D., Schug, K.A., 2011. A review of separation methods for the determination of estrogens and plastics-derived estrogen mimics from aqueous systems. Analytica Chimica Acta 696: 6–26.
  • Schilirò, T., Gorrasi, I., Longo, A., Coluccia, S., Gilli, G., 2011. Endocrine disrupting activity in fruits and vegetables evaluated with the E-screen assay in relation to pesticide residues. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 127: 139– 146.
  • She, Y., Wang, J., Zheng, Y., Cao, W., Wang, R., Dong, F., Liu, X., Qıan, W., Zhang, H., Wu, L., 2012. Determination of nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in vegetables and crops by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. .Food Chemistry 132: 502–507.
  • Sinha, S.N., Vasudev, K., Rao, M.V.V., 2012. Quantification of organophosphate insecticides and herbicides in vegetable samples using the “Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe” (QuEChERS) method and a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation– mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Food Chemistry 132: 1574–1584.
  • Mnif W., Hassine A.I.H., Bouaziz A., Bartegi A., Thomas O., Roig B., 2011. Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8: 2265-2303.
  • Anonymous 2009. Pesticide Analyzer Reference. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 182p.
  • Mol, H.G., Van Dam, R.C., Steijger, O.M., 2003. Determination pesticides in vegetables and fruits using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: selection of extraction solvent. Journal of Chromatography A 1015: 119-127.
  • Klein, J., Alder, L., 2003. Applicability of gradient liquid spectrometry to the simultaneous screening for with tandem mass with tandem 199–206.
  • Granby, K., Andersen, J.H., Christensen, H.B., 2004. Analysis of pesticides in fruit, vegetables and cereals using methanolic extraction and detection by spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 520: 165– 176. mass
  • Goto, T., Ito, Y., Yamada, S., Matsumoto, H., Oka, H., Nagase, H., 2006. The high throughput analysis of N-methyl carbamate pesticides in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using a short column. Analytica Chimica Acta 555: 225–232.
  • Anonymous, 2012. EU Reference Laboratories for Residues of Pesticides: http://www.crl-pesticides- datapool.eu.
  • Anonim, 2011. Antalya İl Tarım Master Planı. Antalya Tarım İl Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 726 s.
  • Anonim, 2010. 2001-2009 Yılları Arası Bitki Koruma Ürünleri İstatistiki Bilgileri. http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/ genel/birimfaal.html.
  • Akbaba, Z.B., 2010. Adana İli Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliği ve Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, 89 s.

Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler

Year 2012, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 89 - 95, 01.06.2012

Abstract

Endokrin sistem üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olan kimyasallara yönelik giderek artan bir ilgi vardır. Bu kimyasallar endokrin sistem üzerine girişim yaparak üreme, nörolojik ve bağışıklık sistemleri üzerinde zararlı etkilere neden olmaktadır. İlaçlar, dioksin ve furanlar, poliklorlu bifeniller, pestisitler, plastik endüstrisinde kullanılan fitalatlar ve bisfenol A gibi çok çeşitli kimyasal maddelerin endokrin sistemi bozucu etki gösterdikleri düşünülmektedir. Bu kimyasal maddeler çok düşük dozlarda bu etkileri gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada endokrin sistem üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu düşünülen pestisitler ile ilgili bilgiler derlenmiştir

References

  • Delen, N., Durmuşoğlu, E., Güncan, A., Güngör, N., Turgut, C., Burçak, A., 2005. Türkiye’ de pestisit kullanımı, kalıntı ve organizmalarda duyarlılık azalışı sorunları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisligi VI. Teknik Kongresi, Ankara, s629-648.
  • Sannino, A., Bolzoni, L., Bandini, M., 2004. Application electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of a new generation of pesticides in processed fruits and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography A 1036: 161–169. with
  • Yüce, T.Y., 2006. Gıdalarda Organoklorlu ve Organofosforlu Pestisitlerin Miktar Tayini Metot Validasyonu.Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 71s.
  • Kaushik, G., Satya, S., Naik, S.N., 2009. Food processing a tool to pesticide residue dissipation – A review. Food Research International 42: 26–40. [5] Niessen, W.M.A., 2010. Group-specific
  • fragmentation of pesticides and related compounds in liquid
  • chromatography–tandem 4061–4070.
  • Padavoni, L., Trevisan, M., Capri, E. 2004. A calculation environmental risk of pesticides at the farm level. Ecological Indicators 4:111–123. potential
  • Atreya, K., 2008. Health costs from short-term exposure to pesticides in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine 67: 511–519.
  • Anonim, 2009a. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. kodeks/2009-62.html.
  • Stoelting, P.M., Pfeil, R., Solecki, R., Ulbrich, B., Grote, K., Ritz, V., Banasiak, U., Hirsch, B.H.,Moeller, T., 2011. Assessment strategies and decision criteria for pesticides with endocrine disrupting Reproductive Toxicology 31 (4): 574-84. relevant to humans.
  • Flynn, K., 2011. Dietary exposure to endocrine- active pesticides: Conflicting opinions in a European Workshop. Environment International 37: 980–990.
  • Witorsch, R.J., 2002. Endocrine disruptors: Can biological effects and environmental risks be predicted. Pharmacology 36, 118–130. Toxicology and
  • Mckinlay, R., Plant, J.A., Bell, J. N. B., Voulvoulis, N., 2008. Endocrine disrupting pesticides: Implications for risk assessment. Environment International 34: 168–183.
  • Mckinlay, R., Plant, J.A., Bell, J.N.B., Voulvoulis, N., 2008. Calculating human exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides via agricultural and non- agricultural exposure routes. Science of the Total Environment 398: 1– 12.
  • Schug, T.T., Janesick, A., Blumberg, B., Heindel, J.J., 2011. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 127: 204– 215.
  • Nollet, L. 2011. Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Journal of Steroid Chemicals, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 471p. USA.
  • Helaleh, M.I.H., Takabayashi, Y., Fujii, S., Korenaga, T., 2001. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for separation and detection of endocrine disruptors from environmental water samples. Analytica Chimica Acta 428: 227–234.
  • Fossi, M. C., Casini, S., Ancora, S., Moscatelli, A., Ausili, A., Sciara, G.N., 2001. Do endocrine disrupting chemicals threaten Mediterranean swordfish? Preliminary results of vitellogenin and Zona radiata proteins in Xiphias gladius. Marine Environmental Research52: 477–483.
  • Colosio, C., Tiramani, M., Maroni, M., 2003. Neurobehavioral effects of pesticides: state of the art. NeuroToxicology 24: 577–591.
  • Eertmans, F., Dhooge, W., Stuyvaert, S., Comhaire, F., 2003. Endocrine disruptors: effects on male fertility and screening tools for their assessment. Toxicology in Vitro 17: 515–524.
  • Colborn, T., 2004. Neuro development and endocrine Perspectives 112(9): 944–949. Environmental Health
  • Waring, R. H., Harris, R.M., 2005. Endocrine disrupters: A human risk? Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 244: 2–9.
  • Uzumcu, M., Suzuki, H., Skinner, M.K., 2004. Effect of the anti-androgenic endocrine disruptor vinclozolin on embryonic testis cord formation and postnatal testis development and function. Reproductive Toxicology 18: 765–774.
  • Hayes, T. B., Case, P., Chui, S., Chung, D., Haeffele, C., Haston, K., Lee, M., Mai, V. P., Marjuoa, Y., Parker, J., Tsui, M., 2006. Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: are we underestimating the impact? Environmental Health Perspectives114 (1): 40–50.
  • Guillette L.J. 2006. Endocrine disrupting contaminants—beyond the dogma. Environmental Health Perspective114 (1): 9–12.
  • Belloni, V., Fulgheri, F.D., Zaccaroni, M., Consigiıo, E., Angelis, G., Testai, E., Santochirico, M., Alleva, E., Santucci, D., 2011. Early exposure to low doses of atrazine affects behavior in juvenile and adult CD1 mice. Toxicology 279: 19–26.
  • Damgaard, I.N., Skakkebaek, N.E., Toppari, J., Viranen, H.E., Shen, H., Schramm, K.W., Petersen, J.H., Jensen, T.K., Main, K.M., 2006. Persistent pesticides in human breast milk and cryptorchidism. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(7): 1133– 1138.
  • Çok, I., Mazmancı, B., Mazmancı, M.A., Turgut, C., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K.W., 2012. Analysis of human milk to assess exposure to PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine Mediterranean city Mersin, Turkey. Environment International 40: 63–69. in the vicinity
  • Sanderson, J.T., Seinen, W., Giesy, J.P., Berg, M., 2000. 2-Chloro-s-triazine herbicides induce aromatase (CYP19) activity in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells: a novel mechanism for 54(1):121–7. Sciences
  • Cocco, P., 2002. On the rumors about the silent spring. Review of the scientific evidence linking occupational and environmental pesticide exposure to endocrine disruption health effects. Cadernos de Saşde Pşblica 18(2): 379–402.
  • Mou, R.X., Chen, M., Cao, Z.Y., Zhu, Z.W., 2011. Simultaneous determination of triazine herbicides in rice by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 706: 149– 156.
  • Stoker T.E., Kavlock R.J., 2010. Pesticides as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition) p.551-56.
  • Gupta, C., 2000. Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 224(2): 61– 68.
  • Witorsch, R.J., 2002. Low-dose in utero effects of xenoestrogens in mice and their relevance to humans: an analytical review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40: 905–912.
  • Takayanagi, S., Tokunaga, T., Liu, X., Okada, H., Matsushima, A., Shimohigashi, Y., 2006. Endocrine disruptor bisphenol A strongly binds to human estrogen-related receptor (ERR) with high constitutive activity. Toxicology Letters 167: 95– 105.
  • Martinez, R.C., Rodriguez-Gonzalo, E., Revilla- Ruiz, P., 2006. Determination of endocrine- disrupting compounds in cereals by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry study of background contamination. Journal of Chromatography A 1137: 207–215.
  • Barrek, S., Cren-Olivé, C., Wiest, L., Baudot, R., Arnaudguilhem, C. And Grenier-Loustalot, M.F., 2009. Multi-residue analysis and ultra-trace quantification of 36 priority substances from the European Water Framework Directive by GC–MS and LC-FLD-MS/MS in surface waters. Talanta 79: 712–722.
  • Hogenboom, A.C., Leerdam, J.A., Voogt, P., 2009. Accurate mass screening and identification of emerging contaminants in environmental samples by liquid chromatography-hybrid linear ion trap Orbitrap Chromatography A 1216: 510-519. Journal of
  • Huskova, R., Matisova, E., Svorca, L., Mocaka, J., Kirchner, M., 2009. Comparison of negative chemical ionization and electron impact ionization in gas endocrine disrupting pesticides. Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 4927–4932. of
  • Barriada-Pereira, M., Serôdio, P., González-Castro, M.J., Nogueira, J.M.F., 2010. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in vegetable matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid desorption and large volume injection-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry towards compliance with European Union directives. Journal of Chromatography A1217 (1): 119–126.
  • Malik, A.S., Blasco, C., Pico, Y., 2010. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food safety. Journal of Chromatography A 1217(25): 4010-4040.
  • Petrovic, M., Farré, M., Lopez De Alda, M., Perez, S., Postigo, C., Kock, M., Radjenovic, J., Gros, M., Barcelo, D., 2010. Recent trends in the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of organic contaminants in environmental samples. Journal of Chromatography A1217 (25): 4004– 4017.
  • Lafleur, A.D., Schug, K.A., 2011. A review of separation methods for the determination of estrogens and plastics-derived estrogen mimics from aqueous systems. Analytica Chimica Acta 696: 6–26.
  • Schilirò, T., Gorrasi, I., Longo, A., Coluccia, S., Gilli, G., 2011. Endocrine disrupting activity in fruits and vegetables evaluated with the E-screen assay in relation to pesticide residues. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 127: 139– 146.
  • She, Y., Wang, J., Zheng, Y., Cao, W., Wang, R., Dong, F., Liu, X., Qıan, W., Zhang, H., Wu, L., 2012. Determination of nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in vegetables and crops by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. .Food Chemistry 132: 502–507.
  • Sinha, S.N., Vasudev, K., Rao, M.V.V., 2012. Quantification of organophosphate insecticides and herbicides in vegetable samples using the “Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe” (QuEChERS) method and a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation– mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Food Chemistry 132: 1574–1584.
  • Mnif W., Hassine A.I.H., Bouaziz A., Bartegi A., Thomas O., Roig B., 2011. Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8: 2265-2303.
  • Anonymous 2009. Pesticide Analyzer Reference. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 182p.
  • Mol, H.G., Van Dam, R.C., Steijger, O.M., 2003. Determination pesticides in vegetables and fruits using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: selection of extraction solvent. Journal of Chromatography A 1015: 119-127.
  • Klein, J., Alder, L., 2003. Applicability of gradient liquid spectrometry to the simultaneous screening for with tandem mass with tandem 199–206.
  • Granby, K., Andersen, J.H., Christensen, H.B., 2004. Analysis of pesticides in fruit, vegetables and cereals using methanolic extraction and detection by spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 520: 165– 176. mass
  • Goto, T., Ito, Y., Yamada, S., Matsumoto, H., Oka, H., Nagase, H., 2006. The high throughput analysis of N-methyl carbamate pesticides in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using a short column. Analytica Chimica Acta 555: 225–232.
  • Anonymous, 2012. EU Reference Laboratories for Residues of Pesticides: http://www.crl-pesticides- datapool.eu.
  • Anonim, 2011. Antalya İl Tarım Master Planı. Antalya Tarım İl Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 726 s.
  • Anonim, 2010. 2001-2009 Yılları Arası Bitki Koruma Ürünleri İstatistiki Bilgileri. http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/ genel/birimfaal.html.
  • Akbaba, Z.B., 2010. Adana İli Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliği ve Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, 89 s.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bülent Şık This is me

İkbal Özen Küçükçetin This is me

Taner Erkaymaz This is me

Gizem Yıldız This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şık, B., Özen Küçükçetin, İ., Erkaymaz, T., Yıldız, G. (2012). Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler. Akademik Gıda, 10(2), 89-95.
AMA Şık B, Özen Küçükçetin İ, Erkaymaz T, Yıldız G. Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler. Akademik Gıda. June 2012;10(2):89-95.
Chicago Şık, Bülent, İkbal Özen Küçükçetin, Taner Erkaymaz, and Gizem Yıldız. “Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler”. Akademik Gıda 10, no. 2 (June 2012): 89-95.
EndNote Şık B, Özen Küçükçetin İ, Erkaymaz T, Yıldız G (June 1, 2012) Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler. Akademik Gıda 10 2 89–95.
IEEE B. Şık, İ. Özen Küçükçetin, T. Erkaymaz, and G. Yıldız, “Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 89–95, 2012.
ISNAD Şık, Bülent et al. “Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler”. Akademik Gıda 10/2 (June 2012), 89-95.
JAMA Şık B, Özen Küçükçetin İ, Erkaymaz T, Yıldız G. Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler. Akademik Gıda. 2012;10:89–95.
MLA Şık, Bülent et al. “Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 10, no. 2, 2012, pp. 89-95.
Vancouver Şık B, Özen Küçükçetin İ, Erkaymaz T, Yıldız G. Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Endokrin Sistem Bozucu Pestisitler. Akademik Gıda. 2012;10(2):89-95.

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Akademik Gıda (Academic Food Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).