HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, HUMANITARIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ARMED NON-STATE ACTORS

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 1 - 22, 27.05.2017

Fatma Taşdemir

Öz

States are still the fundamental entities of the
international law system. As a result of the rise of non-international armed
conflicts, however, armed non-state actors have started to play an increasing
role within the international system and they seriously violate the
international humanitarian law and the international human rights law, to which
they should be subject and respect for the protection of civilians.
Nevertheless, the questions of why these norms should be binding for armed
non-state actors and what the legal basis for this are highly disputed in the
international law since they are not a party to the norms of human rights and
humanitarian law. Although armed non-state actors are one of the most
important subjects within the sphere of international humanitarian law, the
issue of responsibility for their violations of international humanitarian law
has not been adequately regulated within the international law. The direct
responsibility of armed non-state actors has gained importance due to their
recent evolution. However, this recommended model of direct responsibility has
a series of dilemmas from political and legal aspects of the subject. Hence,
direct responsibility model continues to remain as one of the grey areas of the
international law.

Anahtar Kelimeler

State-centric System, Armed Non-State Actors, Non-international Armed Conflicts, International Human Rights Law

İNSAN HAKLARI HUKUKU, İNSANCIL HUKUK VE DEVLET DIŞI SİLAHLI AKTÖRLERİN ULUSLARARASI SORUMLULUĞU

Öz

Günümüzde devletler hala uluslararası hukuk sisteminin
asli kişisidir. Ancak uluslararası nitelikte olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda
yaşanan artışın bir sonucu olarak artık devlet
dışı silahlı aktörler de artan şekilde sistemde rol oynamaktadırlar ve uluslararası
insancıl hukuk ve uluslararası insan hakları hukukunu en ağır şekilde ihlal
etmektedirler. Sivillerin korunmasını sağlamak için devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin de uluslararası insancıl hukuk ve
uluslararası insan hakları hukukuna bağlı olması ve saygı göstermesi
gereklidir. Ancak insan hakları ve insancıl hukuk normlarına taraf olmadıkları
halde, bu normların neden devlet dışı
silahlı aktörleri bağlaması gerektiği ve bunun hukuksal dayanağının ne
olduğu konusu uluslararası hukukta oldukça tartışmalı bir konudur. Devlet dışı silahlı aktörler
uluslararası
insancıl hukuk alanında en önemli aktörlerden bir tanesi olmasına karşın,
bunların uluslararası insancıl hukuk ihlalleri dolayısıyla sorumluluğu konusu
uluslararası hukukta yeterince düzenlenmemiştir. Devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin günümüzde geçirdiği evrim nedeniyle
bunların doğrudan sorumluluğu önem kazanmıştır. Ancak önerilen bu doğrudan
sorumluluk modeli de siyasal ve hukuksal açıdan bir dizi ikilemler
içermektedir. Bu nedenle doğrudan sorumluluk modeli uluslararası hukukun gri
bölgelerinden bir tanesi olmaya devam etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devlet Merkezli Sistem, Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler, Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalar, Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku

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