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DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 547 - 564, 31.05.2020

Fatma Feyza Gündüz , Özlem Akay , Selim Gündüz , Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu

Öz

Turkey has the ecological characteristics adequate to cotton farming and thus it plays an important role in production and trade worldwide. Determining the significant factors affecting the trade of cotton, which is an important product both for exports and imports and revealing whether these factors differentiate by national and global dynamics or not is considerably important. In this study, the factors affecting cotton export of Turkey between the years of 2002 and 2017 are analysed by using gravity model and panel data method. It is determined that Turkey's cotton export has a positive relationship with gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita values, population and EU membership of the countries to which Turkey exports cotton and a negative relationship with Linder variable. On the other hand, the variable of border neighborhood does not have a statistically significant effect on Turkey's cotton export either since the share of these countries in total cotton exports is quite low compared to EU member countries. In conclusion, factors that may increase the competitive advantage in potential markets should be taken into consideration in terms of new market opportunities as the distance of trading countries does not have any effect. Particularly, policies of USA and China which are effective in world's market are important variables for Turkey as they are for other countries. Therefore, the policies of these countries should be carefully monitored when making any regulation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cotton Export Gravity Model

Kaynakça

  • Abu Hatab, A., Romstad, E. (2014). Competitiveness Analysis of Egyptian Cotton Exports with Special Focus on the Chinese Market. China Agricultural Economic Review. 6(2). ss.248-263.
  • Achard, P. (2009). The Regulation of International Air Cargo Services. Master Thesis. Grouped’Economie Mondiale, Sciences Po.
  • Afridi, G. S., Saboor, A., Haq, Z., Tariq, S. A., Ishaq, M. (2016). Exploring Potential and Opportunities for Pakistan's Cotton Export. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 29(2). ss.188-201.
  • Akay, Ö., Yüksel, G. (2018). Clustering the Mixed Panel Dataset Using Gower's Distance And K-Prototypes Algorithms. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation. 47(10). ss.3031-3041.
  • Akay, Ö., Yüksel, G. (2019). Hierarchical Clustering of Mixed Variable Panel Data Based on New Distance. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1588306
  • Alem, M., Elias, J. J. (2018). Allocating Production Risks Through Credit Cum Insurance Contracts: The Design and Implementation of a Fund for Small Cotton Growers to Access Market Finance. Int. Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 21(2). ss.237-248.
  • Anderson, J. E. (1979). A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation. The American Economic Review. 69(1). ss.106-116.
  • Anderson, J. E., Wincoop, E. V. (2001). Borders, Trade and Welfare. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 8515.
  • Baltagi, B. H., Wu, P. X. (1999). Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR (1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory. 15(1). ss.814-823.
  • Baytar, R. A. (2012). The Determinants of Trade Volume Between Turkey and Bric Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences. 21(1). ss.403-424.
  • Bassett, T. (2008). Producing Poverty: Power Relations and Price Formation in The Cotton Commodity Chains of West Africa. (Eds. W. Moseley & L. Gray), Hanging by a Thread: Cotton, Globalization and Poverty in Africa, Athens and Uppsala, Ohio University Press and The Nordic Africa Institute: 35-64.
  • Bashimov, G. (2015). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Turkish Cotton Sector. International Research Journal of Social Sciences. 4(7). ss.16-18.
  • Bashimov, G. (2016). Competitiveness Analysis of Turkmenistan's Cotton Sector. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University. 30(1). ss.47-55.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1985). The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics. 67(3). ss.474-81.
  • Bessey, D. (2012). International Student Migration to Germany. Empirical Economics. 42(1). ss.345-361.
  • Bilgili, M. E., Yilmaz, H., Akkoyun, S., Vurarak, Y., Gül, M. (2018). Factors Affecting Cotton Production Decisions of Farmers: Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development. 18(2). ss.41-51. Campi, M., Dueñas, M. (2019). Intellectual Property Rights, Trade Agreements and International Trade. Research Policy. 48(3). ss.531-545.
  • Ceglowski, J. (2006). Does Gravity Matter in a Service Economy?. Review of World Economics. 142(1). ss.307-329.
  • Çelik, C., Kıral, G. (2018). Panel Data Analysis in Examining Housing Sales: Examples of the Provinces of Turkey (Ed. M.K. Terzioğlu and S. Dal). Current Issues in Econometrics, Ankara: Gazi Publishing House. 123-140.
  • Çelik, C., Kıral, G. (2019). The Hedonic Price Model to Determine the Factors That Affect Housing Prices in Turkey and Artificial Neural Networks. Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ankara: Akademisyen Publishing House: 83-100.
  • Çiçek, R., Bashimov, G. (2016). Determination of Central Asia’s Comparative Advantage in Cotton Trade. Int. Journal of Management Economics and Busines. 12(28). ss.1-14.
  • Deardorff, A. (1998). Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in A Neoclassical World? In the Regionalization Of The World Economy. University of Chicago Press: 7-32.
  • FAO. (2015). Measuring Sustainability in Cotton Farming Systems. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4170e.pdf.
  • Gündüz, F. F., Gündüz, S., Yavuz, H. B. (2019). Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Demand for Turkey's Health Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Igdır University Journal of Social Sciences. 17(1). ss.717-739.
  • Gündüz, F. F. (2018). Analysis of International Student Mobility from Turkey via Erasmus+ Program. Ankara Review of European Studies. 17(2). ss.259-278.
  • Helpman, E. (1987). Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 1(1). ss.62-81.
  • ICAC, (2019). World Cotton Supply and Demand. Available from: https://www.icac.org/home/index/
  • Jales, M. (2010). How would a WTO Agreement on Cotton Affect Importing and Exporting Countries?. ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development, Issue Paper, No.26, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karagöz, K. (2008). Tourism Potential of Turkey: Gravity Model Approach. Anatolia A Journal of Tourism Research. 19(2). ss.149-156.
  • Karemera, D., Oguledo, V. I., Davis, B. (2000). A Gravity Model Analysis of International Migration to North America. Applied Economics. 32(13). ss.1745-1755.
  • Keum, K. (2010). Tourism Flows and Trade Theory: A Panel Data Analysis with The Gravity Model. The Annals of Regional Science. 44(3). ss.541-557.
  • Kiani, A., Faysal, I., Siddique, M. A. (2018). Determinants of Agricultural Exports of Pakistan: An Application of Gravity Model. The Dialogue. 13(1). ss.467-478.
  • Kılıç, A. (2018). An Analysis of International Competitiveness Of Turkish Cotton in Accordance With Revealed Comparative Advantages: 2000-2009 and 2010-2016 Period. Karadeniz-Blacksea-Черноеморе. 39(39). ss.65-87.
  • Kimura, F., Lee, H. H. (2006). The Gravity Equation in International Trade in Services. Review of World Economics. 142(1). ss.92-121.
  • Küçük, N. (2015). The World of Cotton, Global Actors and Policies. ASSAM Int. Refereed Journal. 4(1). ss.60-85.
  • Lau, C. K. M., Bilgin, M. H. (2010). Export Conditions of The Chinese Textile Industry: An Analysis in Comparison with Selected ASEAN Countries. Textile Research Journal. 80(19). ss.2028-2045.
  • Lee, J., Karpova, E. E, Lee, M. J. (2014). Determinants of Apparel Exports in Developed Economies: Application of the Gravity Model and Economic Geography Theory. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 32(3). ss.139-152.
  • Lewer, J., Berg, V. H. (2008). A Gravity Model of Immigration. Economics Letters. 99(1). ss.164-167.
  • Liu, C. X., Chen, R. (2018). Positive Analysis of Potential in China’s Cotton Import. In 4th Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development, Atlantis Press: 835-840.
  • MacDonald, S., Pan, S., Somwaru, A., Tuan, F. (2010). China's Role in World Cotton and Textile Markets: A Joint Computable General Equilibrium/Partial Equilibrium Approach. Applied Economics. 42(7). ss.875-885.
  • MacDonald, S. (2012). Economic Policy And Cotton in Uzbekistan. Economic Research Service of USDA: Washington, DC, USA, 2012: 1–26.
  • Meyer, L. (2018). Cotton and Wool Outlook USDA. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=87959.
  • Özer, O. O. (2014). Determinants of Turkey's Textiles Exportation: The Gravitation Model Approach. Textile and Apparel. 24(3). ss.252-258.
  • Özüdoğru, T. (2017). Pamuk Durum ve Tahmin 2017/2018. Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry Agricultural Economic And Policy Development Institute, 285:37.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 61(1). ss.653-670.
  • Pöyhönen, P. (1963). A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade between Countries. Weltwirtschaftliches Archi. 90(1). ss.93-100.
  • Pulliainen, K. (1963). A World Trade Study: An Econometnrc Model of the Pattern of the Commodity Flows of International Trade in 1948-60. Economiska Sanmfundets Tidskrift. 16(1). ss.78-91.
  • Quark, A.A. (2012). Scientized Politics and Global Governance in The Cotton Trade: Evaluating Divergent Theories of Scientization. Review of International Political Economy. 19(5). ss.895-917.
  • Ridley, W., Devadoss, S. (2014). US–B razil Cotton Dispute and the World Cotton Market. The World Economy. 37(8). ss.1081-1100.
  • Sa, C., Florax, R.J.G.M., Rietveld, P. (2004). Determinants of The Regional Demand for Higher Education in The Netherlands: A Gravity Model Approach. Regional Studies. 38(4). ss.375-392.
  • Sandalcılar, A.R. (2012). Turkey’s Trade Potential with The Bric Countries: The Panel Gravity Model Approach. Journal of Yasar University. 25(7). ss. 4164-4175.
  • Santana-Gallego, M., Ledesma-Rodríguez, F., Pérez-Rodríguez, J. V. (2016). International Trade and Tourism Flows: An Extension of the Gravity Model. Economic Modelling. 52(1). ss.1026-1033.
  • Şahinli, M. A. (2011). Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: An Application on Turkey Cotton Industry. The Journal of Social Economic Research. 21(11). ss.227-240.
  • Tatlıcı, Ö., Kızıltan, A. (2011). Gravity Model: An Application on The Export of Turkey. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 25(1). ss.287-299.
  • Theriault, V. (2011). Economics, Institutions, Development and Trade: Analysis of the Malian Cotton Sector. (Unpublished PhD thesis), Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Florida.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy: An Analysis of World Trade Flows. New York Twentieth Century Fund. 5(1). ss.1-117.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2018). Cotton Report, Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do
  • USDA (2019). Cotton: World Market and Trade, https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/cotton-world-markets-and-trade, (Erişim: 26.9.2019).
  • Van Bouwel, L., Veugelers, R. (2013). The Determinants of Student Mobility in Europe: The Quality Dimension. European Journal of Higher Education. 3(2). ss.172-190.
  • Vogler, M., Rotte, R. (2000). The Effects of Development on Migration: Theoretical Issues and New Empirical Evidence. Journal of Population Economics. 13(3). ss.485-508.
  • Yanıkkaya, H., Koral, Z. (2013). Impacts of Agricultural Supports on Exports of Individual Agricultural Products in Turkey. International Review of Economics and Management.1(1). ss.1-37.
  • Zheng, T., Donghua, Z., Xuefeng, W., Bo, Y. (2009). Panel Data Clustering and Its Application to Discount Rate of B Stock in China. Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science. Manchester, UK: IEEE. 1:163-166.

TÜRKİYE’NİN PAMUK İHRACATINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ: BİR PANEL ÇEKİM MODELİ YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 547 - 564, 31.05.2020

Fatma Feyza Gündüz , Özlem Akay , Selim Gündüz , Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu

Öz

          Türkiye pamuk tarımına uygun ekolojik özelliklere sahip olduğundan dünya üretimi ve ticaretinde önemli bir yerdedir. Gerek ihracat gerekse de ithalatta önemli bir ürün olan pamuğun ticaretinde önemli olan etkenlerin belirlenmesi, ülkelere ve küresel dinamiklere göre bu etkenlerin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının ortaya konulması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 2002-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin pamuk ihracatını etkileyen faktörler çekim modeli kullanılarak panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye’nin pamuk ihracatının, ihraç ettiği ülkelerin gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla ve kişi başına düşen gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla değerleri, nüfus ve AB üyesi olması değişkenleri ile pozitif, Linder değişkeni ile ise negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ülkelerin sınır komşuluğu değişkeninin, Türkiye’ye komşu ülkelerin toplam pamuk ihracatındaki payının AB ülkelerine kıyasla oldukça düşük olmasından dolayı, Türkiye'nin pamuk ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ticaret yapan ülkeler arasındaki mesafenin bir etkisi olmadığı için potansiyel pazarlarda rekabet avantajını artırabilecek faktörler yeni pazar fırsatları açısından dikkate alınmalıdır. Özellikle dünya pazarında etkili olan ABD ve Çin politikaları, diğer ülkeler için olduğu gibi Türkiye için de önemli değişkenlerdir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir düzenleme yapılırken bu ülkelerin politikaları dikkatle izlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pamuk İhracat Çekim Modeli

Kaynakça

  • Abu Hatab, A., Romstad, E. (2014). Competitiveness Analysis of Egyptian Cotton Exports with Special Focus on the Chinese Market. China Agricultural Economic Review. 6(2). ss.248-263.
  • Achard, P. (2009). The Regulation of International Air Cargo Services. Master Thesis. Grouped’Economie Mondiale, Sciences Po.
  • Afridi, G. S., Saboor, A., Haq, Z., Tariq, S. A., Ishaq, M. (2016). Exploring Potential and Opportunities for Pakistan's Cotton Export. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 29(2). ss.188-201.
  • Akay, Ö., Yüksel, G. (2018). Clustering the Mixed Panel Dataset Using Gower's Distance And K-Prototypes Algorithms. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation. 47(10). ss.3031-3041.
  • Akay, Ö., Yüksel, G. (2019). Hierarchical Clustering of Mixed Variable Panel Data Based on New Distance. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1588306
  • Alem, M., Elias, J. J. (2018). Allocating Production Risks Through Credit Cum Insurance Contracts: The Design and Implementation of a Fund for Small Cotton Growers to Access Market Finance. Int. Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 21(2). ss.237-248.
  • Anderson, J. E. (1979). A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation. The American Economic Review. 69(1). ss.106-116.
  • Anderson, J. E., Wincoop, E. V. (2001). Borders, Trade and Welfare. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 8515.
  • Baltagi, B. H., Wu, P. X. (1999). Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR (1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory. 15(1). ss.814-823.
  • Baytar, R. A. (2012). The Determinants of Trade Volume Between Turkey and Bric Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences. 21(1). ss.403-424.
  • Bassett, T. (2008). Producing Poverty: Power Relations and Price Formation in The Cotton Commodity Chains of West Africa. (Eds. W. Moseley & L. Gray), Hanging by a Thread: Cotton, Globalization and Poverty in Africa, Athens and Uppsala, Ohio University Press and The Nordic Africa Institute: 35-64.
  • Bashimov, G. (2015). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Turkish Cotton Sector. International Research Journal of Social Sciences. 4(7). ss.16-18.
  • Bashimov, G. (2016). Competitiveness Analysis of Turkmenistan's Cotton Sector. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University. 30(1). ss.47-55.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1985). The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics. 67(3). ss.474-81.
  • Bessey, D. (2012). International Student Migration to Germany. Empirical Economics. 42(1). ss.345-361.
  • Bilgili, M. E., Yilmaz, H., Akkoyun, S., Vurarak, Y., Gül, M. (2018). Factors Affecting Cotton Production Decisions of Farmers: Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development. 18(2). ss.41-51. Campi, M., Dueñas, M. (2019). Intellectual Property Rights, Trade Agreements and International Trade. Research Policy. 48(3). ss.531-545.
  • Ceglowski, J. (2006). Does Gravity Matter in a Service Economy?. Review of World Economics. 142(1). ss.307-329.
  • Çelik, C., Kıral, G. (2018). Panel Data Analysis in Examining Housing Sales: Examples of the Provinces of Turkey (Ed. M.K. Terzioğlu and S. Dal). Current Issues in Econometrics, Ankara: Gazi Publishing House. 123-140.
  • Çelik, C., Kıral, G. (2019). The Hedonic Price Model to Determine the Factors That Affect Housing Prices in Turkey and Artificial Neural Networks. Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ankara: Akademisyen Publishing House: 83-100.
  • Çiçek, R., Bashimov, G. (2016). Determination of Central Asia’s Comparative Advantage in Cotton Trade. Int. Journal of Management Economics and Busines. 12(28). ss.1-14.
  • Deardorff, A. (1998). Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in A Neoclassical World? In the Regionalization Of The World Economy. University of Chicago Press: 7-32.
  • FAO. (2015). Measuring Sustainability in Cotton Farming Systems. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4170e.pdf.
  • Gündüz, F. F., Gündüz, S., Yavuz, H. B. (2019). Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Demand for Turkey's Health Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Igdır University Journal of Social Sciences. 17(1). ss.717-739.
  • Gündüz, F. F. (2018). Analysis of International Student Mobility from Turkey via Erasmus+ Program. Ankara Review of European Studies. 17(2). ss.259-278.
  • Helpman, E. (1987). Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 1(1). ss.62-81.
  • ICAC, (2019). World Cotton Supply and Demand. Available from: https://www.icac.org/home/index/
  • Jales, M. (2010). How would a WTO Agreement on Cotton Affect Importing and Exporting Countries?. ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development, Issue Paper, No.26, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karagöz, K. (2008). Tourism Potential of Turkey: Gravity Model Approach. Anatolia A Journal of Tourism Research. 19(2). ss.149-156.
  • Karemera, D., Oguledo, V. I., Davis, B. (2000). A Gravity Model Analysis of International Migration to North America. Applied Economics. 32(13). ss.1745-1755.
  • Keum, K. (2010). Tourism Flows and Trade Theory: A Panel Data Analysis with The Gravity Model. The Annals of Regional Science. 44(3). ss.541-557.
  • Kiani, A., Faysal, I., Siddique, M. A. (2018). Determinants of Agricultural Exports of Pakistan: An Application of Gravity Model. The Dialogue. 13(1). ss.467-478.
  • Kılıç, A. (2018). An Analysis of International Competitiveness Of Turkish Cotton in Accordance With Revealed Comparative Advantages: 2000-2009 and 2010-2016 Period. Karadeniz-Blacksea-Черноеморе. 39(39). ss.65-87.
  • Kimura, F., Lee, H. H. (2006). The Gravity Equation in International Trade in Services. Review of World Economics. 142(1). ss.92-121.
  • Küçük, N. (2015). The World of Cotton, Global Actors and Policies. ASSAM Int. Refereed Journal. 4(1). ss.60-85.
  • Lau, C. K. M., Bilgin, M. H. (2010). Export Conditions of The Chinese Textile Industry: An Analysis in Comparison with Selected ASEAN Countries. Textile Research Journal. 80(19). ss.2028-2045.
  • Lee, J., Karpova, E. E, Lee, M. J. (2014). Determinants of Apparel Exports in Developed Economies: Application of the Gravity Model and Economic Geography Theory. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 32(3). ss.139-152.
  • Lewer, J., Berg, V. H. (2008). A Gravity Model of Immigration. Economics Letters. 99(1). ss.164-167.
  • Liu, C. X., Chen, R. (2018). Positive Analysis of Potential in China’s Cotton Import. In 4th Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development, Atlantis Press: 835-840.
  • MacDonald, S., Pan, S., Somwaru, A., Tuan, F. (2010). China's Role in World Cotton and Textile Markets: A Joint Computable General Equilibrium/Partial Equilibrium Approach. Applied Economics. 42(7). ss.875-885.
  • MacDonald, S. (2012). Economic Policy And Cotton in Uzbekistan. Economic Research Service of USDA: Washington, DC, USA, 2012: 1–26.
  • Meyer, L. (2018). Cotton and Wool Outlook USDA. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=87959.
  • Özer, O. O. (2014). Determinants of Turkey's Textiles Exportation: The Gravitation Model Approach. Textile and Apparel. 24(3). ss.252-258.
  • Özüdoğru, T. (2017). Pamuk Durum ve Tahmin 2017/2018. Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry Agricultural Economic And Policy Development Institute, 285:37.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 61(1). ss.653-670.
  • Pöyhönen, P. (1963). A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade between Countries. Weltwirtschaftliches Archi. 90(1). ss.93-100.
  • Pulliainen, K. (1963). A World Trade Study: An Econometnrc Model of the Pattern of the Commodity Flows of International Trade in 1948-60. Economiska Sanmfundets Tidskrift. 16(1). ss.78-91.
  • Quark, A.A. (2012). Scientized Politics and Global Governance in The Cotton Trade: Evaluating Divergent Theories of Scientization. Review of International Political Economy. 19(5). ss.895-917.
  • Ridley, W., Devadoss, S. (2014). US–B razil Cotton Dispute and the World Cotton Market. The World Economy. 37(8). ss.1081-1100.
  • Sa, C., Florax, R.J.G.M., Rietveld, P. (2004). Determinants of The Regional Demand for Higher Education in The Netherlands: A Gravity Model Approach. Regional Studies. 38(4). ss.375-392.
  • Sandalcılar, A.R. (2012). Turkey’s Trade Potential with The Bric Countries: The Panel Gravity Model Approach. Journal of Yasar University. 25(7). ss. 4164-4175.
  • Santana-Gallego, M., Ledesma-Rodríguez, F., Pérez-Rodríguez, J. V. (2016). International Trade and Tourism Flows: An Extension of the Gravity Model. Economic Modelling. 52(1). ss.1026-1033.
  • Şahinli, M. A. (2011). Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: An Application on Turkey Cotton Industry. The Journal of Social Economic Research. 21(11). ss.227-240.
  • Tatlıcı, Ö., Kızıltan, A. (2011). Gravity Model: An Application on The Export of Turkey. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 25(1). ss.287-299.
  • Theriault, V. (2011). Economics, Institutions, Development and Trade: Analysis of the Malian Cotton Sector. (Unpublished PhD thesis), Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Florida.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy: An Analysis of World Trade Flows. New York Twentieth Century Fund. 5(1). ss.1-117.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2018). Cotton Report, Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do
  • USDA (2019). Cotton: World Market and Trade, https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/cotton-world-markets-and-trade, (Erişim: 26.9.2019).
  • Van Bouwel, L., Veugelers, R. (2013). The Determinants of Student Mobility in Europe: The Quality Dimension. European Journal of Higher Education. 3(2). ss.172-190.
  • Vogler, M., Rotte, R. (2000). The Effects of Development on Migration: Theoretical Issues and New Empirical Evidence. Journal of Population Economics. 13(3). ss.485-508.
  • Yanıkkaya, H., Koral, Z. (2013). Impacts of Agricultural Supports on Exports of Individual Agricultural Products in Turkey. International Review of Economics and Management.1(1). ss.1-37.
  • Zheng, T., Donghua, Z., Xuefeng, W., Bo, Y. (2009). Panel Data Clustering and Its Application to Discount Rate of B Stock in China. Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science. Manchester, UK: IEEE. 1:163-166.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Fatma Feyza Gündüz 0000-0001-7603-6817

Özlem Akay 0000-0002-9539-7252

Selim Gündüz 0000-0001-5289-6089

Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu 0000-0003-4421-2956

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Gündüz, F. F., Akay, Ö., Gündüz, S., Özçiçek Dölekoğlu, C. (2020). DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 7(13), 547-564.
AMA Gündüz FF, Akay Ö, Gündüz S, Özçiçek Dölekoğlu C. DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH. Akademik Hassasiyetler. Mayıs 2020;7(13):547-564.
Chicago Gündüz, Fatma Feyza, Özlem Akay, Selim Gündüz, ve Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu. “DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 7, sy. 13 (Mayıs 2020): 547-64.
EndNote Gündüz FF, Akay Ö, Gündüz S, Özçiçek Dölekoğlu C (01 Mayıs 2020) DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH. Akademik Hassasiyetler 7 13 547–564.
IEEE F. F. Gündüz, Ö. Akay, S. Gündüz, ve C. Özçiçek Dölekoğlu, “DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH”, Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 7, sy. 13, ss. 547–564, 2020.
ISNAD Gündüz, Fatma Feyza vd. “DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 7/13 (Mayıs 2020), 547-564.
JAMA Gündüz FF, Akay Ö, Gündüz S, Özçiçek Dölekoğlu C. DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2020;7:547–564.
MLA Gündüz, Fatma Feyza vd. “DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH”. Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 7, sy. 13, 2020, ss. 547-64.
Vancouver Gündüz FF, Akay Ö, Gündüz S, Özçiçek Dölekoğlu C. DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING COTTON EXPORT OF TURKEY: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2020;7(13):547-64.
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MAKALE DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİ

Yazar tarafından gönderilen bir makale, gönderim tarihinden itibaren 10 gün içinde dergi sekreteri tarafından makalenin, telif sözleşmesinin ve benzerlik raporunun (Turnitin programı) eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden incelenir. İstenilen bu dosyalar eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmiş ise makale; ikinci aşamada derginin yayın çizgisine uygun olup olmadığı yönünden değerlendirilir. Bu süreçte makale yayın çizgisine uygun değilse yazara iade edilir. Makale yayın çizgisine uygun ise şablona uygun bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden değerlendirilir. Şayet makale şablona uyarlanıp gönderilmemiş ise değerlendirme sürecine alınmaz. Bu süreçte yazarın derginin belirlediği şartlara uygun bir şekilde sisteme makale yüklemesi beklenir. Makale şablona uygun bir şekilde hazırlanıp gönderilmiş ise son aşamada makale derginin yayın ilkeleri, yazım kuralları, öz, abstract, extented abstract, kaynakça gösterimi vb. yönlerden incelenir. Bu ayrıntılarda makalede bir sorun varsa yazarın bu hususları tamamlaması istenir ve verilen süre içerisinde eksiksiz bir şekilde yeniden makaleyi göndermesi istenir.
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