BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 , 25 - 50, 01.11.2014

Volkan Öngel

Öz

Gelişme literatüründe ülkelerin gelişmişliğine atıf olarak gösterilen Kuzey-Güney ayrımı, Güney Yarımküredeki Brezilya’da farklılık gösterir. Ülkenin ekonomi, ticaret ve sanayi merkezi olan Güneydoğu Bölgesindeki Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte eyaletleri gelişmiş iken ülkenin en geri kalan eyaletleri Kuzey ve Kuzeybatı bölgesindedir. Bu alanda geri kalmışlıkta iklim ve coğrafi özelliklerin etkili olmasına en iyi örnek Amazon Ormanlarıdır. Ülke 200 milyona yakın nüfusu, 8.5 milyon km2’lik toprağın yarısına yakınının tarıma elverişli olması, 13 milyar varillik petrol rezervi, 2.4 trilyon dolarlık satın alma gücü, 256 milyar dolarlık yıllık ihracat rakamları olsa da, ancak nüfusunun yüzde 26’sı fakirlik seviyesinin altında ve buna ilaveten nüfusun yüzde 4’ü tamamen aç yaşamaktadır. Nüfusun fazla olması sebebiyle kişi başına gelir 12 bin dolar civarındadır. Ancak Gini katsayısının yüksek oranlı rakamı 51,9 gelir adaletsizliği bakımından da ciddi sorunların bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Toplumun kendi arasında siyasi, etnik ve dinsel sorunları bulunmamasına rağmen en önemli sorunu yolsuzluk ve fakirliktir. Yolsuzluğun mu fakirliğe yol açtığı, yoksa fakirlikten dolayı mı yolsuzluğun artış gösterdiği sorunsalı birbirini kovalayan olgular olarak kabul edilmelidir

BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK

Öz

Kaynakça

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