BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 , 25 - 50, 01.11.2014

Öz

Gelişme literatüründe ülkelerin gelişmişliğine atıf olarak gösterilen Kuzey-Güney ayrımı, Güney Yarımküredeki Brezilya’da farklılık gösterir. Ülkenin ekonomi, ticaret ve sanayi merkezi olan Güneydoğu Bölgesindeki Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte eyaletleri gelişmiş iken ülkenin en geri kalan eyaletleri Kuzey ve Kuzeybatı bölgesindedir. Bu alanda geri kalmışlıkta iklim ve coğrafi özelliklerin etkili olmasına en iyi örnek Amazon Ormanlarıdır. Ülke 200 milyona yakın nüfusu, 8.5 milyon km2’lik toprağın yarısına yakınının tarıma elverişli olması, 13 milyar varillik petrol rezervi, 2.4 trilyon dolarlık satın alma gücü, 256 milyar dolarlık yıllık ihracat rakamları olsa da, ancak nüfusunun yüzde 26’sı fakirlik seviyesinin altında ve buna ilaveten nüfusun yüzde 4’ü tamamen aç yaşamaktadır. Nüfusun fazla olması sebebiyle kişi başına gelir 12 bin dolar civarındadır. Ancak Gini katsayısının yüksek oranlı rakamı 51,9 gelir adaletsizliği bakımından da ciddi sorunların bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Toplumun kendi arasında siyasi, etnik ve dinsel sorunları bulunmamasına rağmen en önemli sorunu yolsuzluk ve fakirliktir. Yolsuzluğun mu fakirliğe yol açtığı, yoksa fakirlikten dolayı mı yolsuzluğun artış gösterdiği sorunsalı birbirini kovalayan olgular olarak kabul edilmelidir

Kaynakça

  • Eul-Soo Pang, International Political Economy of Transformation in Argentina, Brazil and Chile since 1960, Palgrave Macmillan, USA, 2001.
  • Lincoln Gordon, Brazil’s Second Chance: En Route Tward the First World, Broo- king Institution Press, USA, 2001
  • R. S. Rose, Unpast: Elite Violence and Social Control in Brazil, 1954-2000, USA, 2005
  • Riordan Roett, The New Brazil, Brookings Institution Press, USA, 2010
  • Rober M. Levine, History of Brazil, Greenwood Press, USA, 1999.
  • Sue Branford, Bernando Kucinski and Hilary Wainwright, Lula and The Workers’ Party in Brazil, New Press, January 1, 2004.
  • Susan Rose-Ackerman, The Political Economy of Corruption in Corruption and The Global Economy, Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie. com/publications/chapters_preview/12/2iie2334.pdf
  • Thomas Vinod, Brazil’s Agenda in From Inside Brazil: Development in the Land of Contrasts, World Bank Publications, USA, 2006.
  • Anti-Corruption Profile: Brazil, http://www.trust.org/trustlaw/country-profiles/ profile.dot?id=09c59db9-55cf-42d3-a4e3-b3b584f20151
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung’s, BTI 2012 -Brazil Country Report, Gütersloh, 2012
  • Birliğin Mali Bütçe Kanunu, http://www.planejamento.gov.br/secretarias/upload/ Arquivos/noticias/sof/PLOA2011-VolumeIII.pdf
  • Bonnie J. Palifka , Corruption and Entrepreneurship in Brazil , May 27, 2006, http://homepages.mty.itesm.mx/bpalifka/Palifka.pdf
  • Brazil Society and Culture Complete Report, World Trade Press, USA, 2010.
  • Brazil Corruption: Actions, http://www.unodc.org/southerncone/en/corrupcao/ acoes.html
  • Brazil, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview
  • Brazillian Federal Senate, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/the-federal-senate
  • Brazillian National Congress, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/the-brazili- an-parliament Brezilya Anayasası
  • http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2006/teams/willr3/const.htm ve http://www2. camara.gov.br/english/brazilian-constitution-2
  • Carlos Higino Ribeiro de Alencar and Ivo Gico Jr., When Crime Pays: Measuring Judicial Efficacy Against Corruption In Brazil, Working Paper, 0004/10, http:// escholarship.org/uc/item/63k634vn
  • Chamber of Deputies Body, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/chamber-of-de- puties-bodies
  • Claudio Ferraz, Frederico Finan, Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effect of Bra- zil’s Anti-Corruption Program on Electoral Outcomes, http://emlab.berkeley. edu/~ffinan/Finan_Audit.pdf
  • Country Study: Brazil, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/brtoc.html
  • David Fleischer, Political Corruption And Campaign Financing: Brazil’s Slow Shift Towards Anti-Corruption Laws, DEM35 Panel “Corruption in Latin America II: An Overview of the Practical Measures to Curb Corruption” of the XX Inter- national Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Guada- lajara, México, 17-19 April 1997
  • Doing Busines: Brazil, Tax, http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreecono- mies/brazil#paying-taxes
  • Ernst and Young Terco, Doing Business in Brazil, 2011
  • Esin Şen, Brezilya Ülke Raporu, İGEME, 2010
  • Export Development Canada, Brazil, EDC Report, May 2012
  • Fabiano Angelico, Brazil Notebook 2011, http://www.globalintegrity.org/report/ Brazil/2011/notebook
  • Federal Representatives Change Party, http://www.v-brazil.com/government/le- gislative-branch/unloyalty.html
  • Frederick T. Stocker, Anti-Corruption Compliance in Brazil—Addressing a Daun- ting Challenge, Policy Analysis, March 2012 FreedomHouse 2011
  • http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-wor- ld/2011/brazil FreedomHouse 2012
  • http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-wor- ld/2012/brazil
  • Global Integrity Scorecard: Brazil 2009 http://report.globalintegrity.org/reportP- DFS/2009/Brazil.pdf
  • Global Security, Brazil – Government http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/wor- ld/brazil/government.htm
  • Global Security,Brazil- Corruption, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ brazil/corruption.htm
  • Global Security,Brazil –Politics, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/bra- zil/politics.htm
  • Human Develeopment Index, 2013 Report http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/ HDR2013_EN_Statistics.pdf
  • Jorge Hage, Anti-Corruption Measures In Brazil- Enhancing the Public-private Col- laboration, Brussels, Belgium 27-28 May 2009
  • Jorge Hage, Is Transparency Delivering (In Brazil) ?, Americas Regional Conferen- ce on the Right of Access to Information , Lima April 28th 2009
  • Jorge Hage, The Role and Work of CGU, UNODC, Vienna, November 17th-19th, 2008
  • Jorge Hage, UNODC Expert Meeting on the Prevention of Corruption, Doha, Qatar 9-11 February 2009
  • José Álvaro Moisés, Political Corruption And Democracy In Contemporary Brazil, http://waporlatinoamerica.org/descargas/revista/n0/moises_political.pdf
  • Josef Goodman, Molly Ma, and Jay Pabarue, Confronting Corruption in the Deve- loping World, The Politics, http://thepolitic.org/?p=501
  • Kroll and EIU, Global Fraud Report, Annual Edition 2010/11
  • Latinobarómetro Corporation, Latinobarómetro 2010, Santiago, Chile, http:// www.latinobarometro.org/latino/LATContenidos.jsp
  • Maira Martini, Changing The Rules of The Game: A Diagnosis Of Corruption In Brazil, Hertie School of Governance, 9 April 2011
  • Matthew S. Winters, Rebecca Weitz-Shapiro, “Rouba, Mas Faz” or Not? Exploring Voter Attitudes Toward Corruption in Brazil , 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
  • Politics and Government, http://www.transparency.org/topic/detail/politics_and_ government
  • Robert Klitgaard, Ronald MacLean-Abaroa , H. Lindsey Paris. Corrupt Cities, A Practical Guide to Cure and Prevention, World Bank Institute, Washington, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/ IB/2000/10/07/000094946_00092605362082/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
  • Rogério B. Arantes , The Brazilian “Ministério Publico” and Political Corruption in Brazil, Working Paper Number CBS-50-04 Centre for Brazilian Studies University of Oxford
  • Simeon M. Kriesberg, Bruno Werneck, Anti-Corruption Compliance in Brazil: The Challenges Facing US Companies, Mayer Brown, Global Strategies Webinar Series, December 8, 2010
  • Snapshot of the Brazil Country Profile, http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/ country-profiles/latin-america-the-caribbean/brazil/
  • Stephen D. Morris , Corruption in Latin America: An Empirical Overview, http:// elauditor.rocketweb.com.ar/files/4fc5e8e846f9b.pdf
  • The CGU and Ethos Institute, Business Social Responsibility In Combating Cor- ruption, Offıce of the Comptroller General – CGU And Ethos Institute for Business and Social Responsibility, Working Group of the Business Pact for Integrity And Against Corruption, 2009
  • The CGU, CGU Brazil Report, November/December, No.2, 2009
  • The CGU, CGU Brazil Report, September/ October, No.1, 2009
  • The CGU, Internal Control, Preventing And Fighting Corruption, Offıce of the Comptroller General – CGU, 2008
  • The CGU, Internal Control, Preventing and Fighting Corruption, Offıce of the Comptroller – CGU, 2007
  • Timothy J. Power and Matthew M. Taylor, Corruption and Democracy In Brazil The Struggle for Accountability, University of Notre Dame Pres, Notre Dame, Indiana, 2011
  • Transparency International, Bribe Payers Index, 1999-2011, http://www.transpa- rency.org/research/bpi/overview
  • Transparency International, Global Corruption Barometre 2009, May 2009
  • United Nation, Republic of Brazil Public Administration Country Profile, Depart- ment of Economic and Social Affairs, January 2004
  • World Bank, World Govarnance Index, http://info.worldbank.org/governance/ wgi/index.asp Web Kaynakları
  • Andréa Novais, Types of Corruption in Brazil, 06/06/12, http://thebrazilbusiness. com/article/types-of-corruption-in-brazil
  • BBC, Brazil’s President Rousseff Grapples with Corruption, http://www.bbc. co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14680394
  • BBC, Q&A: Brazil Corruption Scandal, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ameri- cas/4676435.stm
  • Brazil Portal, http://www.brasil.gov.br/?set_language=en
  • Carlos Henrique da Silva Ayres, Brazil and Anti-Corruption Legislation, March 10, 2011, Thomas R. Fox Law, 2011, http://tfoxlaw.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/ brazil-and-anti-corruption-legislation/
  • Gert Peuckert, Mauricio Thuswohl, Brezilya’da Seçim Öncesinde Lula Hüküme- ti ve Sol, http://www.kozmopolit.com/2007/texte/rapor/rapor03_peuckert. html
  • Gini Index, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fiel- ds/2172.html
  • Interview of Sidney Vianna, Anti-corruption and Doing Business in Brazil, 10 Ja- nuary 2012 ,http://ethic-intelligence.com/experts/89-brazil-anti-corrupti- on-trends
  • Katheryn Gallant,The Art of Stealing, http://www.brazzil.com/cvrmar97.htm
  • LAND, Corruption Weighs on Brazilian Politics, http://latindispatch. com/2011/12/19/corruption-weighs-on-brazilian-politics/
  • Matt Ellis, Boom Times in Brazil, http://mattesonellislaw.com/fcpamericas/boom- times-in-brazil-part-1-five-corruption-issues-to-look-out-for-in-a-high-op- portunity-high-risk-environment
  • Matt Ellis, Brazil: Waking Up to Anti-Corruption Compliance, 11.28.2011http:// mattesonellislaw.com/fcpamericas/brazil-waking-up-to-anti-corrupti- on-compliance
  • Metin Yeğin, Brezilya Başkanlık Seçimlerinde Ne Oldu?, 14 Ekim 2010, Günlük Ga- zetesi, http://www.latinbilgi.net/index.php?eylem=yazi_oku&no=3645
  • Reuters, Analysis: Brazil’s Rousseff Backs off Cabinet Purge Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/13/us-brazil-politics-idUST- RE80C20720120113
  • Ruban Selva, A Short History of Inflation in Brazil, 25 Feb 2010, http://ezineartic- les.com/?A-Short-History-of-Inflation-in-Brazil&id=3817254
  • Ruban Selva, Tocatins, Brazil For Property and Land Investors, 28 June 2010, http://ezinearticles.com/?Tocatins,-Brazil-For-Property-and-Land-Investor- s&id=4562508
  • Ruban Selva, Brazil’s Economic Growth - Reducing Corruption, 16 March 2010, http://ezinearticles.com/?Brazils-Economic-Growth---Reducing-Corrupti- on&id=3920036
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Brezilya’nın Siyasi Görünümü, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/bre- zilya-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa
  • The CGU, Disciplinary Action, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaCorreicao/ OQueE/
  • The CGU, Audit and Inspection, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaAuditoriaFis- calizacao/OQueE/
  • The CGU, Ombudsman’s Office, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaOuvidoria/ OQueE/
  • The CGU, Preventing Corruption, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaPrevencao- Corrupcao/AreasAtuacao/
  • The Office of the Comptroller General , http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/
  • Brazil Election Results, http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?electi- on=2010&state=BR

BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 , 25 - 50, 01.11.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Eul-Soo Pang, International Political Economy of Transformation in Argentina, Brazil and Chile since 1960, Palgrave Macmillan, USA, 2001.
  • Lincoln Gordon, Brazil’s Second Chance: En Route Tward the First World, Broo- king Institution Press, USA, 2001
  • R. S. Rose, Unpast: Elite Violence and Social Control in Brazil, 1954-2000, USA, 2005
  • Riordan Roett, The New Brazil, Brookings Institution Press, USA, 2010
  • Rober M. Levine, History of Brazil, Greenwood Press, USA, 1999.
  • Sue Branford, Bernando Kucinski and Hilary Wainwright, Lula and The Workers’ Party in Brazil, New Press, January 1, 2004.
  • Susan Rose-Ackerman, The Political Economy of Corruption in Corruption and The Global Economy, Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie. com/publications/chapters_preview/12/2iie2334.pdf
  • Thomas Vinod, Brazil’s Agenda in From Inside Brazil: Development in the Land of Contrasts, World Bank Publications, USA, 2006.
  • Anti-Corruption Profile: Brazil, http://www.trust.org/trustlaw/country-profiles/ profile.dot?id=09c59db9-55cf-42d3-a4e3-b3b584f20151
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung’s, BTI 2012 -Brazil Country Report, Gütersloh, 2012
  • Birliğin Mali Bütçe Kanunu, http://www.planejamento.gov.br/secretarias/upload/ Arquivos/noticias/sof/PLOA2011-VolumeIII.pdf
  • Bonnie J. Palifka , Corruption and Entrepreneurship in Brazil , May 27, 2006, http://homepages.mty.itesm.mx/bpalifka/Palifka.pdf
  • Brazil Society and Culture Complete Report, World Trade Press, USA, 2010.
  • Brazil Corruption: Actions, http://www.unodc.org/southerncone/en/corrupcao/ acoes.html
  • Brazil, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview
  • Brazillian Federal Senate, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/the-federal-senate
  • Brazillian National Congress, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/the-brazili- an-parliament Brezilya Anayasası
  • http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2006/teams/willr3/const.htm ve http://www2. camara.gov.br/english/brazilian-constitution-2
  • Carlos Higino Ribeiro de Alencar and Ivo Gico Jr., When Crime Pays: Measuring Judicial Efficacy Against Corruption In Brazil, Working Paper, 0004/10, http:// escholarship.org/uc/item/63k634vn
  • Chamber of Deputies Body, http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/chamber-of-de- puties-bodies
  • Claudio Ferraz, Frederico Finan, Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effect of Bra- zil’s Anti-Corruption Program on Electoral Outcomes, http://emlab.berkeley. edu/~ffinan/Finan_Audit.pdf
  • Country Study: Brazil, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/brtoc.html
  • David Fleischer, Political Corruption And Campaign Financing: Brazil’s Slow Shift Towards Anti-Corruption Laws, DEM35 Panel “Corruption in Latin America II: An Overview of the Practical Measures to Curb Corruption” of the XX Inter- national Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Guada- lajara, México, 17-19 April 1997
  • Doing Busines: Brazil, Tax, http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreecono- mies/brazil#paying-taxes
  • Ernst and Young Terco, Doing Business in Brazil, 2011
  • Esin Şen, Brezilya Ülke Raporu, İGEME, 2010
  • Export Development Canada, Brazil, EDC Report, May 2012
  • Fabiano Angelico, Brazil Notebook 2011, http://www.globalintegrity.org/report/ Brazil/2011/notebook
  • Federal Representatives Change Party, http://www.v-brazil.com/government/le- gislative-branch/unloyalty.html
  • Frederick T. Stocker, Anti-Corruption Compliance in Brazil—Addressing a Daun- ting Challenge, Policy Analysis, March 2012 FreedomHouse 2011
  • http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-wor- ld/2011/brazil FreedomHouse 2012
  • http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-wor- ld/2012/brazil
  • Global Integrity Scorecard: Brazil 2009 http://report.globalintegrity.org/reportP- DFS/2009/Brazil.pdf
  • Global Security, Brazil – Government http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/wor- ld/brazil/government.htm
  • Global Security,Brazil- Corruption, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ brazil/corruption.htm
  • Global Security,Brazil –Politics, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/bra- zil/politics.htm
  • Human Develeopment Index, 2013 Report http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/ HDR2013_EN_Statistics.pdf
  • Jorge Hage, Anti-Corruption Measures In Brazil- Enhancing the Public-private Col- laboration, Brussels, Belgium 27-28 May 2009
  • Jorge Hage, Is Transparency Delivering (In Brazil) ?, Americas Regional Conferen- ce on the Right of Access to Information , Lima April 28th 2009
  • Jorge Hage, The Role and Work of CGU, UNODC, Vienna, November 17th-19th, 2008
  • Jorge Hage, UNODC Expert Meeting on the Prevention of Corruption, Doha, Qatar 9-11 February 2009
  • José Álvaro Moisés, Political Corruption And Democracy In Contemporary Brazil, http://waporlatinoamerica.org/descargas/revista/n0/moises_political.pdf
  • Josef Goodman, Molly Ma, and Jay Pabarue, Confronting Corruption in the Deve- loping World, The Politics, http://thepolitic.org/?p=501
  • Kroll and EIU, Global Fraud Report, Annual Edition 2010/11
  • Latinobarómetro Corporation, Latinobarómetro 2010, Santiago, Chile, http:// www.latinobarometro.org/latino/LATContenidos.jsp
  • Maira Martini, Changing The Rules of The Game: A Diagnosis Of Corruption In Brazil, Hertie School of Governance, 9 April 2011
  • Matthew S. Winters, Rebecca Weitz-Shapiro, “Rouba, Mas Faz” or Not? Exploring Voter Attitudes Toward Corruption in Brazil , 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
  • Politics and Government, http://www.transparency.org/topic/detail/politics_and_ government
  • Robert Klitgaard, Ronald MacLean-Abaroa , H. Lindsey Paris. Corrupt Cities, A Practical Guide to Cure and Prevention, World Bank Institute, Washington, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/ IB/2000/10/07/000094946_00092605362082/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
  • Rogério B. Arantes , The Brazilian “Ministério Publico” and Political Corruption in Brazil, Working Paper Number CBS-50-04 Centre for Brazilian Studies University of Oxford
  • Simeon M. Kriesberg, Bruno Werneck, Anti-Corruption Compliance in Brazil: The Challenges Facing US Companies, Mayer Brown, Global Strategies Webinar Series, December 8, 2010
  • Snapshot of the Brazil Country Profile, http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/ country-profiles/latin-america-the-caribbean/brazil/
  • Stephen D. Morris , Corruption in Latin America: An Empirical Overview, http:// elauditor.rocketweb.com.ar/files/4fc5e8e846f9b.pdf
  • The CGU and Ethos Institute, Business Social Responsibility In Combating Cor- ruption, Offıce of the Comptroller General – CGU And Ethos Institute for Business and Social Responsibility, Working Group of the Business Pact for Integrity And Against Corruption, 2009
  • The CGU, CGU Brazil Report, November/December, No.2, 2009
  • The CGU, CGU Brazil Report, September/ October, No.1, 2009
  • The CGU, Internal Control, Preventing And Fighting Corruption, Offıce of the Comptroller General – CGU, 2008
  • The CGU, Internal Control, Preventing and Fighting Corruption, Offıce of the Comptroller – CGU, 2007
  • Timothy J. Power and Matthew M. Taylor, Corruption and Democracy In Brazil The Struggle for Accountability, University of Notre Dame Pres, Notre Dame, Indiana, 2011
  • Transparency International, Bribe Payers Index, 1999-2011, http://www.transpa- rency.org/research/bpi/overview
  • Transparency International, Global Corruption Barometre 2009, May 2009
  • United Nation, Republic of Brazil Public Administration Country Profile, Depart- ment of Economic and Social Affairs, January 2004
  • World Bank, World Govarnance Index, http://info.worldbank.org/governance/ wgi/index.asp Web Kaynakları
  • Andréa Novais, Types of Corruption in Brazil, 06/06/12, http://thebrazilbusiness. com/article/types-of-corruption-in-brazil
  • BBC, Brazil’s President Rousseff Grapples with Corruption, http://www.bbc. co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14680394
  • BBC, Q&A: Brazil Corruption Scandal, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ameri- cas/4676435.stm
  • Brazil Portal, http://www.brasil.gov.br/?set_language=en
  • Carlos Henrique da Silva Ayres, Brazil and Anti-Corruption Legislation, March 10, 2011, Thomas R. Fox Law, 2011, http://tfoxlaw.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/ brazil-and-anti-corruption-legislation/
  • Gert Peuckert, Mauricio Thuswohl, Brezilya’da Seçim Öncesinde Lula Hüküme- ti ve Sol, http://www.kozmopolit.com/2007/texte/rapor/rapor03_peuckert. html
  • Gini Index, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fiel- ds/2172.html
  • Interview of Sidney Vianna, Anti-corruption and Doing Business in Brazil, 10 Ja- nuary 2012 ,http://ethic-intelligence.com/experts/89-brazil-anti-corrupti- on-trends
  • Katheryn Gallant,The Art of Stealing, http://www.brazzil.com/cvrmar97.htm
  • LAND, Corruption Weighs on Brazilian Politics, http://latindispatch. com/2011/12/19/corruption-weighs-on-brazilian-politics/
  • Matt Ellis, Boom Times in Brazil, http://mattesonellislaw.com/fcpamericas/boom- times-in-brazil-part-1-five-corruption-issues-to-look-out-for-in-a-high-op- portunity-high-risk-environment
  • Matt Ellis, Brazil: Waking Up to Anti-Corruption Compliance, 11.28.2011http:// mattesonellislaw.com/fcpamericas/brazil-waking-up-to-anti-corrupti- on-compliance
  • Metin Yeğin, Brezilya Başkanlık Seçimlerinde Ne Oldu?, 14 Ekim 2010, Günlük Ga- zetesi, http://www.latinbilgi.net/index.php?eylem=yazi_oku&no=3645
  • Reuters, Analysis: Brazil’s Rousseff Backs off Cabinet Purge Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/13/us-brazil-politics-idUST- RE80C20720120113
  • Ruban Selva, A Short History of Inflation in Brazil, 25 Feb 2010, http://ezineartic- les.com/?A-Short-History-of-Inflation-in-Brazil&id=3817254
  • Ruban Selva, Tocatins, Brazil For Property and Land Investors, 28 June 2010, http://ezinearticles.com/?Tocatins,-Brazil-For-Property-and-Land-Investor- s&id=4562508
  • Ruban Selva, Brazil’s Economic Growth - Reducing Corruption, 16 March 2010, http://ezinearticles.com/?Brazils-Economic-Growth---Reducing-Corrupti- on&id=3920036
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Brezilya’nın Siyasi Görünümü, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/bre- zilya-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa
  • The CGU, Disciplinary Action, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaCorreicao/ OQueE/
  • The CGU, Audit and Inspection, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaAuditoriaFis- calizacao/OQueE/
  • The CGU, Ombudsman’s Office, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaOuvidoria/ OQueE/
  • The CGU, Preventing Corruption, http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/AreaPrevencao- Corrupcao/AreasAtuacao/
  • The Office of the Comptroller General , http://www.cgu.gov.br/english/
  • Brazil Election Results, http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?electi- on=2010&state=BR
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Volkan Öngel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Öngel, V. (2014). BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 1, 25-50.
AMA Öngel V. BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK. Akademik Hassasiyetler. Kasım 2014;1:25-50.
Chicago Öngel, Volkan. “BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 1, Kasım (Kasım 2014): 25-50.
EndNote Öngel V (01 Kasım 2014) BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK. Akademik Hassasiyetler 1 25–50.
IEEE V. Öngel, “BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK”, Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 1, ss. 25–50, 2014.
ISNAD Öngel, Volkan. “BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 1 (Kasım 2014), 25-50.
JAMA Öngel V. BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2014;1:25–50.
MLA Öngel, Volkan. “BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK”. Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 1, 2014, ss. 25-50.
Vancouver Öngel V. BREZİLYA’NIN DEĞİŞMEYEN GERÇEĞİ; YOLSUZLUK. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2014;1:25-50.

MAKALE DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİ

Yazar tarafından gönderilen bir makale, gönderim tarihinden itibaren 10 gün içinde dergi sekreteri tarafından makalenin, telif sözleşmesinin ve benzerlik raporunun (Turnitin programı) eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden incelenir. İstenilen bu dosyalar eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmiş ise makale; ikinci aşamada derginin yayın çizgisine uygun olup olmadığı yönünden değerlendirilir. Bu süreçte makale yayın çizgisine uygun değilse yazara iade edilir. Makale yayın çizgisine uygun ise şablona uygun bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden değerlendirilir. Şayet makale şablona uyarlanıp gönderilmemiş ise değerlendirme sürecine alınmaz. Bu süreçte yazarın derginin belirlediği şartlara uygun bir şekilde sisteme makale yüklemesi beklenir. Makale şablona uygun bir şekilde hazırlanıp gönderilmiş ise son aşamada makale derginin yayın ilkeleri, yazım kuralları, öz, abstract, extented abstract, kaynakça gösterimi vb. yönlerden incelenir. Bu ayrıntılarda makalede bir sorun varsa yazarın bu hususları tamamlaması istenir ve verilen süre içerisinde eksiksiz bir şekilde yeniden makaleyi göndermesi istenir.
Tüm bu aşamaları geçen makale, editör tarafından bilimsel yeterliliğinin denetlenmesi amacıyla ikinci 7 günlük süre içerisinde çalışmaya uygun iki hakeme değerlendirmeleri için gönderilir. Hakemlerin değerlendirme süreleri 15 gündür. Bu süre zarfında hakemlik görevini tamamlamayan bir hakem olursa ilgili hakeme değerlendirmeyi tamamlaması için 7 günlük ek süre verilebilir. Bu süre zarfında hakem görevini yerine getirmezse yerine yeni bir hakem ataması yapılır. En az iki hakemden gelen raporlar olumlu ise makale yayın aşamasına alınır. Hakem raporlarından birisi olumlu diğeri olumsuz ise makale üçüncü bir hakeme gönderilir. Üçüncü hakem raporu da olumsuz ise makale ret edilir. Üçüncü hakemin değerlendirmesi olumlu ise makaleyle ilgili hakem raporları dergi alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından incelenir. Makalenin yayınlanmasıyla ilgili nihai karar alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Hakem raporlarının yetersiz ve tatmin etmekten uzak olması veya İngilizce editör tarafından abstract ve extented abstract’ın yetersiz görülmesi hallerinde de yine makaleyle ilgili son karar Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Tüm bu aşamalardan geçen bir makale en yakın sayıya yayınlanmak üzere eklenir. İlgili sayıda yer kalmaması halinde makalenin yayımı bir sonraki sayıya kaydırılır. Bu durumda ve tüm değerlendirme sürecinde yazar isterse makalesini geri çekme hakkına sahiptir. Ancak bu durumu dergiye bildirmesi gerekir. Makale gönderim tarihinden makalenin yayına kabul tarihine kadar tüm bu işlemler için ortalama 3 aylık bir süre öngörülmektedir.