GÖÇ KONUSUNDA YENİ POLİTİKALAR: VENEZEULA VE ANAYURDA DÖNÜŞ PLANI

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 25, 136 - 161, 24.08.2024

Canan Kışlalıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1435691

Abstract

Venezuela yüksek oranda göç veren önemli bir ülkedir. Kitlesel göçler sonucunda Venezuela nüfusu büyük oranda azalırken, özellikle Latin Amerika coğrafyasında ekonomik, siyasi, demografik sonuçlara ve kaygılara yol açmıştır. Çeşitli dönemlere ve çeşitli toplumsal gruplara dağılan bu göç akını, ülkeyi kıta içerisinde bir problem haline getirirken, Venezuelalı göçmenlerin durumu da diğer ülkelerin politik alanları içerisinde önemli bir tartışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Öyle ki Venezuela’nın verdiği göçler, iç savaş yaşayan Suriye’nin verdiği göçlerle karşılaştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Venezuela verdiği göçlerle hem önemli oranda işgücü ve sermaye kaybetmiş hem de uluslararası alanda birçok otokratik yönetimle beraber anılmaya başlamıştır. Venezuela 2018 yılında Anayurda Dönüş Planı’nı (Plan Vuelta a la Patria) uygulamaya koymuştur. Bu plan yurtdışındaki Venezuela vatandaşlarını ülkeye döndürme amacını izlerken, aynı zamanda Venezuela’nın diğer ülkelerle göçmenler üzerinden diplomatik ilişkilerini düzeltmesini ve işbirliğini arttırmasını sağlayan bir araca dönüşmüştür. Çalışma Venezuela’dan göçün sebeplerini, göçün Venezuela’yı ve diğer ülkeleri nasıl etkilediğini, göçmenlerin gittikleri ülkelerde ne gibi durumlarla karşılaştıklarını, Venezuela’nın bu göçleri geri çevirmeye yönelik uygulamaya koyduğu planı ve göçmenlerin geri dönüş nedenlerini incelemektedir. Çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmış, uluslararası raporlar ve gazete haberleri ile ayrıntılı bir analiz ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Venezuela’nın verdiği göçlerle ekonomik, siyasi ve demografik olarak olumsuz etkilendiği anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak ise Venezuela’nın uygulamaya koyduğu plan ile tüm bu olumsuzlukları ve siyasi imajını düzeltme yoluna gittiği ve istenilen yoğunluğa henüz ulaşmamış olsa da, uygulanan planın uluslararası alanda geliştirilebilir bir örnek olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

latin amerika, venezuela, göç, mülteci

NEW POLICIES ON MIGRATION: VENEZEULA AND THE RETURN TO THE HOMELAND PLAN

Abstract

Venezuela is an important country which has a high rate of emigration. Venezuela's population has decreased significantly, leading to economic, political, demographic consequences and concerns, especially in the Latin American geography. This influx of migration, which is distributed over various periods and social groups, has made the country a problem within the continent, while the situation of Venezuelan migrants has become an important topic of discussion within the political spheres of other countries. Venezuela's migration has been compared to Syria, which is experiencing a civil war. Venezuela has not only lost a significant amount of labor and capital, but has also became mentioned together with many other autocratic governments. In 2018, Venezuela launched the Return to the Homeland Plan (Plan Vuelta a la Patria). While this plan pursues the goal of repatriating citizens abroad, it has also become a tool for improving Venezuela’s diplomacy and increasing cooperation with other countries through migrants. The study examines the causes of emigration, how affects Venezuela and other countries, what kind of situations migrants had in the other countries, how that plan reverse these migrations and the reasons for the return. The study uses a literature review methodology, international reports and newspaper articles for a detailed analysis. The study reveals that Venezuela has been affected economically, politically and demographically by the migration. As a result, it is understood that the plan implemented an improvable example in the international arena, although it has not yet reached the desired intensity.

Keywords

latin america, venezuela, migration, refugees

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